https://padlet.com/andrewlinggo10/kaxeffpbjg8kh1ac en-us 2022-12-05 09:35:36 UTC 2022-12-05 09:46:43 UTC hello@padlet.com andrewlinggo10 https://padlet.com/andrewlinggo10/kaxeffpbjg8kh1ac/wish/2408857252 The creation of the European Union in 1993 was emblematic of regionalism. As a result of the Maastricht Treaty, the EU adopted three separate pillars. These pillars consisted of the European Communities, the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and cooperation in the field of Justice and Home Affairs. This was later abandoned when the Treaty of Lisbon came into force in 2009, and the EU obtained a legal personality. By contrast, NATO is an organisation based entirely upon security concerns. The principal justification for NATO is contained within Article Five of the North Atlantic Treaty, in which an attack on one is interpreted as an attack upon all, ensuring collective security. The European Union has also sought to develop its security dimension via a joint foreign and security policy. The emphasis is upon soft power, such as developmental cooperation, humanitarian aid and the EU’s diplomatic presence. 

Allied to the three-dimensional character of regionalism is the distinction between old regionalism and new regionalism. Old regionalism is rooted in the experience of interwar nationalism, and as such held a tendency towards protectionism in the economic realm. However, new regionalism entails a more spontaneous process that emerges from within the region itself. In doing so, the process of regionalism adopts towards the dynamics of the region in question. Inevitably, some regions are more conducive towards regional integration than others. New regionalism is a more complex process that may take place simultaneously at a variety of levels.]]> 2022-12-05 09:37:58 UTC https://padlet.com/andrewlinggo10/kaxeffpbjg8kh1ac/wish/2408857252