Fog is another layer of a distributed network environment and is closely associated with cloud computing and the internet of things (IoT). Public infrastructure as a service (IaaS) cloud vendors can be thought of as a high-level, global endpoint for data; the edge of the network is where data from IoT devices is created.

Fog computing is the idea of a distributed network that connects these two environments. “Fog provides the missing link for what data needs to be pushed to the cloud, and what can be analyzed locally, at the edge,” explains Mung Chiang, dean of Purdue University’s College of Engineering and one of the nation’s top researchers on fog and edge computing.
(Hiremath, 2020) 

Unlike connected vehicles, infrastructure networks increasingly use real-time data to operate services more effectively. Often these data are stored in remote areas, so it is important to process them near where they are made. For other instances, data from a huge number of devices must be aggregated. In order to solve both problems, Fog computer architectures could be built.

The advantage is also that in a case where there is no bandwidth accessible data can still be processed with fog computing. Fog Computing offers the means for analysing and processing data nearer to where it came from, filters what is uploaded to the Cloud between those IoT devices and a cloud-based computing infrastructure to which they are linked.

In IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things), fog computing was also added. Rather of sending all of this data to the cloud, linked production systems with sensors and cameras will collect and process data locally. This data is stored locally, in a real-world wireless network, which allows the distributed data fog network to minimize packages of the data transmitted by 98% while maintaining the precision of the data by 97%. The energy savings are also suitable for the effective use of electricity-a crucial factor in setting up battery-powered systems.