https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6 4dh405 Critical Theory & Digital Transformation en-us 2022-11-07 17:57:46 UTC 2022-11-27 16:58:12 UTC hello@padlet.com mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2373591819 The internet as backbone of a new culture - how can this relate to 4dh405's theory and digital transformation concepts?

]]> 2022-11-07 18:07:14 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2373591819 ap223zw https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2380416682 How the digital world exposes children and adolescents to both the marvels and the perils of our societies. 
"Children and adolescents have the most to gain and are most at risk from digital technologies. They must be at the forefront of national and global digital policies, not only to protect them from online harm but also to allow technology to help them fulfil their full potential."]]> 2022-11-11 16:38:45 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2380416682 ap223zw https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2380424677 2022-11-11 16:46:27 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2380424677 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381148868 According to Berry (2014, p. 34): understanding particular historical conditions leading to the present
also distinctive form of theory/form of social criticism different from mainstream knowledge as concept of critique that defines knowledge as derived from insights vs. empirical/positivst models of knowledge (Thompson 2017)
Reference:
Berry, D. M. (2014). Critical theory and the digital. Bloomsbury Academic & Professional.
Thompson, M. (2017). Introduction: What Is Critical Theory?. In Thompson, M. (Ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Theory (pp.1-14). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55801-5_1.]]> 2022-11-12 18:15:42 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381148868 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381152052 software as question of power: growing reliance on computer tech and increasing complex of networks and interconnections]]> 2022-11-12 18:22:19 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381152052 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381154285 norms and values of a society are developed within structures of algorithms, its software and its rationality - making use of computational logic that materialzes assumptions, values, and norms by designers and programmers, but through increasing everyday relationships this is becoming the lens through which our experience of the world is mediated
-> digital tech is becoming the media ecology to record our environment and our memories
Reference:
Berry, D. M. (2014). Critical theory and the digital. Chapter 2. Bloomsbury Academic & Professional. ]]> 2022-11-12 18:27:40 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381154285 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381158585 technological advancement - progress 
technology - capitalism
technology - instrumental rationality ]]> 2022-11-12 18:38:37 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381158585 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381160963 2022-11-12 18:44:05 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381160963 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381163357 "technology produces a new unfreedom because it prevents the individual from becoming autonomous and people come to see themselves only in their commodities. In the final analysis, technology leads to reifi- cation and enables social control to become anchored in the new needs which capitalism produces." (Harris, 2021, p. 92)
Reference:
Delanty, G., & Harris, N. (2021). Critical theory and the question of technology: The Frankfurt School revisited. Thesis Eleven, 166(1), 88–108. https://doi-org.proxy.lnu.se/10.1177/07255136211002055]]> 2022-11-12 18:49:48 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381163357 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381166771 German "Technik", English technology
-> science is the basis of technology, because it requires the creative power of invention, rendering it cultural at its base. Attempts to capture instrumental and cultural dimension, but later gave prominence to material aspects of it.

]]> 2022-11-12 18:56:53 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381166771 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381174187 movement towards fragmentation, destabilization and disorder
vs.
form of integration grounding possibility for flourishment and care
(Stiegler 2017, 2018)
Reference:
Stiegler, B. (ed.) (2017). La toile que nous voulons. Limoges: FYP Editions.
Stiegler, B. (2018). The Neganthropocene. London: Open Humanities Press.
 ]]> 2022-11-12 19:15:28 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381174187 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381483284 At the end of the 20th century, the popularisation of the internet and the gradual introduction of new technologies in the classroom at all stages of education laid the foundations for a new pedagogic paradigm. With advantages and shortcomings, the fact is that nowadays Digital Education and eLearning represent one of the greatest revolutions in terms of digital transformation of society and culture in the 21st century (Rennie & Smyth, 2019).

_{See: Rennie, F.; Smyth, K. (2019). Digital Learning: The Key Concepts. London: Routledge}]]> 2022-11-13 11:33:32 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381483284 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381492323 This modality could be defined as a continuous, voluntary and self-motivated learning scheme pursued by an individual for personal or professional reasons throughout his/her life.

The UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning is a non-profit international centre, based in Hamburg (Germany), oriented to researching and promoting formal, non-formal and informal lifelong learning.

_{See: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning: https://uil.unesco.org}]]> 2022-11-13 11:53:45 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381492323 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381653537 Reference:
Buchanan, I. (2018). A Dictionary of Critical Theory. Technics.
https://www-oxfordreference-com.proxy.lnu.se/view/10.1093/acref/9780198794790.001.0001/acref-9780198794790-e-699?rskey=vS8RVE&result=732]]> 2022-11-13 16:25:23 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381653537 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381659493 2022-11-13 16:31:48 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2381659493 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2385376329 buying us off cheaply with consumer goods, making us forget that other ways of life are possible, enabling us to ignore the truth that we are ensnared in the system by our fetishistic attention and growing addiction to the purportedly must-have new consumer good.
Reference:
Jeffries, S. (2016). Grand Hotel Abyss : The Lives of the Frankfurt School, Verso. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/linne-ebooks/detail.action?docID=5177377.
Created from linne-ebooks on 2022-11-15 18:59:48.]]> 2022-11-15 19:00:58 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2385376329 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2385408055 Since last decade of the 20th century Digital Education is increasingly becoming a key area of pedagogy, with a clear impact on the social and cultural spheres, the world of work and even the educational policies of governments.

_{See: Pal, S.; Cuong, T.Q.; Nehru, R.S.S. (Eds.) (2021). Digital Education Pedagogy: Principles and Paradigms, Palm Bay, FL (USA): Apple Academic Press}]]> 2022-11-15 19:22:24 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2385408055 ap223zw https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2387051972 "The social media surveillance tools that have appeared in democracies got their start on foreign battlefields and in counterterrorism settings, designed to monitor acute security threats in places like Syria. Many US data-mining companies received seed money from the Central Intelligence Agency through its In-Q-Tel venture capital fund. While authorities in the past typically justified the use of these tools with the need to combat serious crimes such as terrorism, child sexual abuse, and large-scale narcotics trafficking, law enforcement and other agencies at the local, state, and federal levels are increasingly repurposing them for more questionable practices, such as screening travelers for their political views, tracking students’ behavior, or monitoring activists and protesters. This expansion makes oversight of surveillance policies more difficult and raises the risk that constitutionally protected activities will be impaired."]]> 2022-11-16 17:55:02 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2387051972 ap223zw https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2387096486 Is there true free speech, when concepts like hate speech, missinformation or herrassment can be defined as a platform or a company sees fit - usually accompanied by political and ideological biases - and result to post deletions or account suspensions?]]> 2022-11-16 18:23:14 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2387096486 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388089183 Although the term was first coined in 1991 by Jan van Dijk in his work The Network Society, it was Manuel Castells one of the leading sociologists who developed it in his trilogy titled The Information Age (1996, 1997, 1998). He defined networks as a new morphology and basic unit of our information-based societies. Therefore, the internet and digitalisation have transformed our world by giving birth to a new emerging society that is connected by ubiquitous information and digital communication technologies.

_{See: Castells, M. (1996, second edition, 2009). The Rise of the Network Society. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. Oxford, UK: Blackwell / Castells, M. (1997, second edition, 2009). The Power of Identity. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. Oxford, UK: Blackwell / Castells, M. (1998, second edition, 2010). End of Millennium. The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.}]]> 2022-11-17 11:03:51 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388089183 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388511175 The metaverse aspires to bring the technologically mediated relationships of the network society into a virtual-reality universe in which users can interact with each other within a computer-generated environment. This immersive digital platform aims at making possible for people work, study, shop, have fun and socially engage with other users across the planet.

The concept and the term itself first appeared in the dystopian novel Snow Crash (1992), by Neal Stephenson. For instance, Second Life platform (2003) based its development in Stephenson's book. More recently, Steven Spielberg also explored the concept in the sci-fi movie Ready Player One (2018). Nevertheless, in the metaverse users can create their own avatar and take on different roles than in the real world, and this raises dilemmas around the concept of reality beyond the physical world, as showcased in Snow Crash and Ready Player One.

_{See: Work in the metaverse: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVEALvpoiMQ
See: Ready Player One Official Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSp1dM2Vj48
See: Second Life: https://secondlife.com}]]> 2022-11-17 15:41:42 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388511175 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388677954 2022-11-17 17:17:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388677954 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388681011 2022-11-17 17:20:06 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388681011 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388683177 2022-11-17 17:21:33 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388683177 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388689592 2022-11-17 17:25:55 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388689592 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388691974 2022-11-17 17:27:19 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2388691974 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2391047831 The Internet is a breeding ground for fantasy bodies, “one big orgy, an endless informational bacchanal” for memes, spam, porn, and their human hosts—a destructive, volatile zone not at all the safe, happy place that the Internet companies paint it to be. In this way, it is like an older habitat, writing.
Reference: Durham Peters, J. (2015). The Marvelous Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media. University of Chicago Press, p.277]]> 2022-11-19 18:05:37 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2391047831 tsamkosoglou https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2391152447 In recent days, we have the emerging problem of Twitter-Elon Musk-Trump situation. Elon Musk, after buying Twitter platform, fired those who did not agree with him, tries to impose new rules on how the platform will work, and most importantly WHO will have freedom of speech. Very recently a poll was held, to decide if for example Donald Trump should be reinstated as an approved user in Twitter, and thus be permitted again to write freely]]> 2022-11-19 23:41:38 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2391152447 tsamkosoglou https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2391345856 The purpose of education is to help the student to become master of his destiny (Lembert 1974). Because through education will learn to resist to the structural power imposed on him, keeping him down and unresponsive to revolt (Heydorn 1970)

Heydorn, H. J. (1970). Über den Widerspruch von Bildung und Herrschaft. Frankfurt am Main: Europäische Verlag.

Lembert, W. (1974). Bildungsforschung und Emanzipation. In: Ulich, D. (ed.). Theorie und Methode der Erziehungswissenschaft.
Weinheim, Basel: Belz, pp. 479-498.]]> 2022-11-20 11:04:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2391345856 tsamkosoglou https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2391353640 There is a new twist to the story of how to control (mass) media. These days, when a scandal of one kind or another pops up, (controlled) media channels can be utilized to cover things up or to turn public opnion away from the accused or even to their favour.

Fake news, real news, all these different kinds of news together can lead to misinformation. It can also be used to mislead the public opinion and have them turn their attention from one problem to another (maybe blown up or created).

[Idea: Symeon, Comments: Asiminia, Rephrasing: Maria]]]> 2022-11-20 11:22:40 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2391353640 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2392245096 The concept of Central Bank Digital Currency has been inspired by blockchain-based crytocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, but in this case is planned to be issued and implemented by a state or a central bank.

At present, the World Economic Forum has plans to develope CBCDs to coexist, and eventually replace, fiat paper currency in major world economies, following China's digital renminbi experience as well as other proof-of-concept initiatives carried out in different countries. In Europe, Sweden, Norway and Hungary are leading the implementation of CBDCs (see: Central Bank Digital Currency Tracker).

Digital cash is considered to be highly secure and, unlike paper currency, each unit is traceable and uniquely identifiable, which facilitates the fight against money laundering and counterfeiting, among others. However, also raises challenging questions about the right to privacy and concerns in regard to economic and social control in the network society.

_{See: Central Bank Digital Currency Tracker: https://cbdctracker.org}  ]]> 2022-11-21 08:22:41 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2392245096 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2392803316 Credits to
Asimina Papachristodoulou
Andres Besoli
Symeon Tsamkosoglou
Maria Csauscher-Wuck]]> 2022-11-21 15:39:36 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2392803316 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2393224785 Governments around the world are jointly exploring the need for digital currencies within the framework of an international new political, economic and social balance so-called “New World Order”, where states seem to be willing to cede leadership to supranational bodies.

This idea is at the heart of the Great Reset initiative promoted by the World Economic Forum, in which digital technologies play a fundamental role in reshaping society according to transhumanist thinking that implies technologising humankind rather than humanising technology (Harari, 2015).

Such initiative has been contested from alter-globalism movement, arguing that it could pose a threat to citizens’ rights and freedom by giving rise to a worldwide technocracy exercised from powers and lobbies not democratically elected.

_{See: The Great Reset initiative: https://www.weforum.org/great-reset
See: Harari, Y.N. (2015). Homo Deus: A Brief History Of Tomorrow. New York, USA: Harper Perennial}]]> 2022-11-21 22:14:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2393224785 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2394512797 [By Symeon Tsamkosoglou]
"On the topic of race, in the 1970's, emerged Critical Race Theory, mainly focused to study the population of mixed schools. CRT's basic principles were that 1)racism is an everyday life situation, and this makes it seem ordinary and expected , 2) White supremacy ideas benefits the elites in a materialistic way, so they are reluctant to fight it, 3)racism is a social construct since it is not supported by science for existing any evidence proving that race has anything to do with intelligence or personality and 4) society imposed a differential racialization and classified the minorities in contrast to other groups who benefited of it. CRT explains that ownership played important role in acquiring political rights and benefits. Thus, racism, as it was imposed on education too, proved to be the main factor in the construction of identities."

Reference:
1)Delgado, R., Stefancic, J., & HARRIS, A. (2012). Critical Race Theory: An Introduction, Second Edition. NYU Press
2)Ladson-Billings, G., & Tate, W. F. (1995). Toward a critical race theory of education. Teachers college record, 97(1), 47]]> 2022-11-22 17:41:12 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2394512797 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2395217121 An evolution within Digital Education is Immersive Learning, a paradigm that involves students being immersed into virtual environments, whether in the classroom or internet. At present there are two basic approaches to Immersive Learning. One entails using technology, such as Computer-Generated Images (CGI) and Virtual Reality-driven solutions, and the other promoting cognitive strategies to place learners as protagonists of "virtual scenarios" such as stories or simulated real-world situations. For instance, Digital Storytelling methods and tools explore this modality of learning in different disciplines (Frehlich, 2020).

_{See: Frehlich, C. (2020).‎ Immersive Learning: A Practical Guide to Virtual Reality's Superpowers in Education. Lanham, USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers}]]> 2022-11-23 07:46:29 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2395217121 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2395507190 One of the milestones of Digital Transformation is computerisation, that is the process occurred during the second half of the 20th century by which computers were widely adopted to provide a varied range of services from banking to home entertainment (Kling, 1996).

In computerisation, information is digitally stored and processed by a computer or electronic machine that, through programmed instructions, automatically runs actions that reduce or supress human intervention.

_{See: Kling, R. (Ed.) (1996). Computerization and Controversy: Value Conflicts and Social Choices. Burlington, USA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers
See: Computerspielemuseum Berlin: https://www.computerspielemuseum.de}]]> 2022-11-23 12:14:44 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2395507190 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2395551047 Daniel Bell (1919-2011) contributed to the conceptualisation and study of post-industrial society, which lies in information and services rather than in material goods and production.

His work The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting (1973) outlines this new social and economic system, and laid the foundations for subsequent studies on the Information Age and the Network Society.

_{See: Bell, D. (1976). The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. New York, USA: Basic Books}]]> 2022-11-23 12:54:58 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2395551047 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2395932146 https://guides.lib.umich.edu/fakenews
[Idea: Symeon]]]> 2022-11-23 18:51:36 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2395932146 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2395937770 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323650280_The_science_of_fake_news
[Idea: Asminia]]]> 2022-11-23 18:58:35 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2395937770 mc223dg https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2395939217 https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Character-Assassination-and-Reputation-Management/Samoilenko-Icks-Keohane-Shiraev/p/book/9781138556584?fbclid=IwAR05qtH0BhwX2Ff2CIknBA5s-aFTkDxr7XJURmvAgwV0-A-QdnHCMsZQARQ
[Idea: Symeon]]]> 2022-11-23 19:00:22 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2395939217 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2396760717 In journalism and information management, Fact-checking is the process of verifying factual data, and its alleged veracity and correctness.

The International Fact-checking Network is a supranational organisation that brings together a number of national agencies focused on analysing information produced by all types of media.

_{See: International Fact-checking Network: https://www.poynter.org/ifcn}]]> 2022-11-24 11:34:47 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2396760717 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2396792435 This term and paradigm was first proposed by Marshall McLuhan in his works The Gutenberg Galaxy (1962) and Understanding Media (1964). He observed how the means of communication, especially since the advent of the satellite tecnology, were able to bring people together worldwide regardless of physical distance.

_{See: McLuhan, M.; Powers, B. (1992). The Global Village: Transformations in World Life and Media in the 21st Century. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press}]]> 2022-11-24 12:06:25 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2396792435 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2396815190 The Social Credit System has both supporters and critics among citizens around the world. The former argue that it helps to regulate society and contributes to the observance of social norms. The latter, on the contrary, warn that it is a centralised digital surveillance tool that violates the right to privacy as well as personal dignity. 

China was the first country to implement in 2014 a nationwide Social Credit System in which citizens are evaluated and rated according to their social and personal behaviour. Nevertheless, there were pilot trials developed at regional level since the 1980s.]]> 2022-11-24 12:29:18 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2396815190 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2397060197 The Great Firewall, or the Digital Great Wall, are the names given in the Western world to the set of digital services and rules that the government of the People's Republic of China applies to block specific internet contents and websites within the country's borders. 

Such initiative, originally called The Golden Shield Project, was established in 1996 and raises serious concerns about information censorship policies in the age of network society living in the global village.

_{See: How It Works: The Great Firewall of China: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oKDPZ7Xuto}

]]> 2022-11-24 16:42:07 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2397060197 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2397702459 This acclaimed television series created by Charlie Brooker explores from the perspective of science fiction how technology shapes and changes our society in the 21st century, at times in a positive sense (utopia) and at others with perverse and unsettling effects (dystopia). 

Throughout the different chapters a wide range of topics are dealt with, such as politics, society, economy and employment, feelings and personal relationships, entertainment, among others. In essence, 'Black Mirror' formulates hypothetical technology-driven scenarios, some of which are already a reality or a feasible near future. The concept of individual and collective freedom granted by technology, and at the same time paradoxically the lack of it, is a recurrent topic covered in this sci-fi television series.

_{See: Black Mirror TV Series: https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film800295.html}

]]> 2022-11-25 08:24:23 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2397702459 tsamkosoglou https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2398627268 Nowdays, media can influence opinions. So you have to be more critical than ever.

https://www.unesco.org/en/media-information-literacy/mil-clicks]]> 2022-11-26 15:23:21 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2398627268 ap223zw https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2398647653 The constant availability and connection to a network of hundreds or thousands of "friends" endangers human relationships in real life and limit interactions to "surface level" discussions. Many people don't feel like they have meaningful conections to people - especially in times of need - or base their relationships on metrics, such as likes or followers, to validate friendships or acquaintances they have in real life. Social media do seem to offer the possibility to meet new people and et updates on the lives of others, but in most cases tend to discourage the direct interaction between individuals.

References:
https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/time-to-talk-day-social-media-encouraging-surface-level-conversation_uk_5c5aca1be4b09293b20a0529

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/our-gender-ourselves/201310/your-social-life-is-not-your-social-media]]> 2022-11-26 16:08:09 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2398647653 Andres_Besoli https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2399017489 The term emerged in the 1990s to refer to different media being interconnected or even blended from a communicational perspective, an increasingly recurrent phenomenon that gives rise to cross-media and transmedia messages and narratives.

The evolution of the mass media and the digital transformation of society since Marshall McLuhan coined his famous aphorism "The medium is the message" (1964) to stress the importance of communication channels before their contents, has led to everything from news to the arts being generated in an intermedial way. In fact, nowadays almost all messages are strongly conditioned by the medium or media involved in their creation, distribution and consumption, making McLuhan's original idea even more factual.

_{See: McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill}]]> 2022-11-27 12:09:48 UTC https://padlet.com/mc223dg/k99duvqzr35zunj6/wish/2399017489