https://www.middleeasteye.net/. (2022, August 3). What is cupping? The alternative medicine popular with athletes. Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/cupping-alternative-medicine-popular-athletes-what

Refugees who lack sufficient language abilities have major obstacles in their pursuit of school, work, and basic amenities, which leads to social exclusion and worse health results. In addition to enabling refugees to interact with healthcare systems, education also lessens the effects of problems like poor rural health, restricted connectivity, and a rise in mental health issues (Shwayli PhD, 2017).

By improving educational opportunities, refugees can build better futures, enhance their health, and contribute to the broader community's resilience (Vasey & Manderson, 2012).

Queensland Health, S. of Q. (2011). Iraqi Australians. https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/156361/iraqi2011.pdf

Shwayli PhD, S. (2017, July 23). The Experiences of Iraqi Refugee Children’s Education in Australia: Mothers’ Perspectives - Refugee Research Online. Https://Refugeeresearchonline.org/. https://refugeeresearchonline.org/the-experiences-of-iraqi-refugee-childrens-education-in-australia-mothers-perspectives/

Vasey, K., & Manderson, L. (2012). Regionalising Immigration, Health and Inequality: Iraqi Refugees in Australia. Administrative Sciences, 2(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci2010047

Traditionally carp is used for this dish. While wild carp from the Tigris River was once banned due to contamination from sectarian violence, farmed carp is now plentiful in the market (Bulos, 2020).

The fish is butterflied, marinated, and grilled over fruit-tree wood, such as fig or apricot, to impart a unique smoky flavour. Masgouf is often served with dates and a cup of strong, sweet Iraqi tea, infused with cardamom and brewed over charcoal (Samad Al Iraqi, 2017).

Bulos, N. (2020, March 3). It’s the national dish that brought down a dictator. And it’s delicious. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-03-03/its-the-national-dish-that-brought-down-a-dictator-and-its-delicious

Samad Al Iraqi. (2017). Samad Al Iraqi Restaurant - London. Samadaliraqirestaurant.co.uk. https://www.samadaliraqirestaurant.co.uk/aboutus

Referrals to specialised services are necessary for patients with mental health conditions associated with trauma and torture. Mainstream mental health care might be better suitable for people without such a history. Support during the review process can include counselling on sleep hygiene, promoting exercise and healthy eating, and conducting routine check-ins to lessen feelings of isolation. Normalising experiences can be achieved by psychoeducation regarding prevalent mental health symptoms, such as PTSD or depression. While teaching basic cognitive behavioural techniques and utilising mobile apps might promote social connectivity and emotional regulation, describing counselling as a private, problem-solving tool may boost acceptability (The Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide, 2024).

The Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. (2024). Mental Health» Australian Refugee Health. The Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/mental-health/

Uribe Guajardo, M. G., Slewa-Younan, S., Kitchener, B. A., Mannan, H., Mohammad, Y., & Jorm, A. F. (2018). Improving the capacity of community-based workers in Australia to provide initial assistance to Iraqi refugees with mental health problems: an uncontrolled evaluation of a Mental Health Literacy Course. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-018-0180-8