Bell's palsy is a paralysis or weaknesses of the muscles on one side of your face. Damage to the facial nerve that controls muscles on one side of the face causes that side of your face to drop. The nerve damage may also affect your sense of taste and how you make tears and saliva. This condition comes on suddenly, often overnight, and usually gets better on its own within a few weeks. 

Bell's palsy is not the result of a stroke or a transient ischemic attack (TIA). While stroke and TIA can cause facial paralysis, there is no link between Bell's palsy and either of these conditions. But sudden weakness that occurs on one side of your face should be checked by a doctor right away to rule out these more serious causes.

The cause of Bell's palsy is not clear. Most cases are thought to be caused by the herpes virus that causes cold sores.

In most cases of Bell's palsy, the nerve that controls muscles on one side of the face is damaged by inflammation.

Many health problems can cause weakness or paralysis of the face. If a specific reason cannot be found for the weakness, the condition is called Bell's palsy.

Symptoms of Bell's palsy include:

Your doctor may diagnose Bell's palsy by asking you questions, such as about how your symptoms developed. He or she will also give you a physical and neurological exam to check facial nerve function.

If the cause of your symptoms is not clear, you may need other tests, such as blood tests, an MRI, or a CT scan.

Most people who have Bell's palsy recover completely, without treatment, in 1 to 2 months.¹ This is especially true for people who can still partly move their facial muscles. But a small number of people may have permanent muscle weakness or other problems on the affected side of the face. 

Treatment with corticosteroid medicines an make it more likely that you will regain all facial movement. They work best if they are taken soon after symptoms start (within 3 days). Sometimes antiviral medicines may be added to corticosteroid medicines to treat Bell's palsy. But evidence for using antiviral medicines is weak. They may help in some cases, but in general they do not affect recovery.

Some people may not be able to take corticosteroid medicines because of other health problems. It's important to remember that most people with Bell's palsy recover completely without any treatment. 

Facial exercises. As the nerve in your face begins to work again, doing simple exercises-such as tightening and relaxing your facial muscles-may make those muscles stronger and help you recover more quickly. Massaging your forehead, cheeks, and lips with oil or cream may also help.

Eye care. If you can't blink or close your eye fully, your eye may become dry. A dry eye can lead to sores and serious vision problems. To help protect the eye and keep it moist:

Mouth care. If you have no feeling and little saliva on one side of your tongue, food may get stuck there, leading to gum disease or tooth decay. Brush and floss your teeth often and well to help prevent these problems. To prevent swallowing problems, eat slowly and chew your food well. Eating soft, smooth foods, such as yogurt, may also help.

Epilepsy is a condition in which a person has recurrent seizures. A seizure is defined as an abnormal, disorderly discharging of the brain's nerve cells, resulting in a temporary disturbance of motor, sensory, or mental function.

There are many types of seizures, depending primarily on what part of the brain is involved. The term epilepsy says nothing about the type of seizure or cause of the seizure, only that the seizures happen again and again. A stricter definition of the term requires that the seizures have no known underlying cause. This may also be called primary or idiopathic epilepsy.

Healthy people may have seizures under certain circumstances. If the seizures have a known cause, the condition is referred to as secondary or symptomatic epilepsy. Some of the more common causes include the following: 

 

Almost any type of behavior that happens repetitively may represent a seizure.

High blood pressure is a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease.

Blood pressure is determined both by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries. The more blood your heart pumps and the narrower your arteries, the higher your blood pressure.

You can have high blood pressure (hypertension) for years without any symptoms. Even without symptoms, damage to blood vessels and your heart continues and can be detected. Uncontrolled high blood pressure increases your risk of serious health problems, including heart attack and stroke.

High blood pressure generally develops over many years, and it affects nearly everyone eventually. Fortunately, high blood pressure can be easily detected. And once you know you have high blood pressure, you can work with your doctor to control it.

Most people with high blood pressure have no signs or symptoms, even if blood pressure readings reach dangerously high levels.

A few people with high blood pressure may have headaches, shortness of breath or nosebleeds, but these signs and symptoms aren't specific and usually don't occur until high blood pressure has reached a severe or life-threatening stage.

There are two types of high blood pressure.

1.     Primary (essential) hypertension

For most adults, there's no identifiable cause of high blood pressure. This type of high blood pressure, called primary (essential) hypertension, tends to develop gradually over many years.

2.     Secondary hypertension

Some people have high blood pressure caused by an underlying condition. This type of high blood pressure, called secondary hypertension, tends to appear suddenly and cause higher blood pressure than does primary hypertension. Various conditions and medications can lead to secondary hypertension, including:

Low blood pressure also known as hypotension where blood pressure in your arteries is abnormally low. Naturally, low blood pressure is unlikely to cause any symptoms and is normally nothing to worry about. But if your blood pressure drops too low, it can restrict the amount of blood flowing to your brain and other vital organs, which can cause unsteadiness, dizziness or fainting.

The heart pumps a constant supply of blood around the body through arteries, veins and capillaries. Blood pressure is a measure of the force of the blood on the walls of the arteries as the blood flows through them. 

It's measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and recorded as two measurements:

For example, if your systolic blood pressure is 120mmHg and your diastolic blood pressure is 80mmHg, your blood pressure is 120 over 80, which is commonly written as 120/80.

Normal blood pressure is between 90/60 and 140/90. If you have a reading of 140/90 or more, you have high blood pressure (hypertension). This puts you at greater risk of developing serious health conditions, such as heart attack or stroke.

People with a blood pressure reading under 90/60 are usually regarded as having low blood pressure.

You can have low blood pressure for many reasons, including the time of day, your age, the temperature, any medication you may be on, an injury, and some illnesses.

Naturally low blood pressure doesn't usually need to be treated unless it's causing symptoms such as dizziness or recurrent falls. There are also various things you can do to help limit symptoms of low blood pressure, including:

As we all know that in PPQL, they use massage therapy as their focus to treat the patients whether in ward or walk in customer. The type of massage that they have been practice here is totally different with what I had learnt in UMK. The type of massage that I had learnt more to relax the body while here, they more to deeper pressure in releasing chronic muscle tension. The focus is on the deepest layers of muscle tissue, tendons and fascia (the protective layer surrounding muscles, bones and joints). 

The type of massage that PPQL offered to the patients here are Reflexology, Body Massage (whole body, half body), Prenatal massage, and trigger point therapy. Massage therapy can be an important part of your health maintenance plan by: 

·         Reducing or eliminating pain.

·         Improving joint mobility. 

·         Improving circulation. 

·         Improving lymphatic drainage. 

·         Reducing muscular tension. 

Take a good care of feeding bag and tubing is very important to make sure that they work properly. To avoid the skin around the nostrils, get irritated, a good care of the skin around it is very important. 

Flushing the tube will help release any formula stuck to the inside of the tube. Flush the tube after each feeding. Other than that, there are important step to feed the patient to avoid from getting choking or difficulty breathing while feeding. Before or after feeding, fill the food container with the amount of water that the doctor prescribes. This provides fluids for you and flushes out the tube.

PPQL also known as a private residential facility providing a high level of long term personal or nursing care for persons who are unable to care for themselves properly. It is a place of residence for people who require continual nursing care and have difficulty to do activities of daily living. So, here in PPQL, they offered services to take a good care all the residence. There are 6 skilled staff nurses hired in PPQL who are usually available 24 hours a day. 

All the patients here are 13 of them which is 5 males and 8 females. The range age of the patients is from 30 years old - 89 years old. Every morning at 4.30am, all the patients will take to bath by the staff nurse and helped by ‘perawat’. Then, while waiting for their bath, other ‘perawat’ change their bed sheets.  After that, at 7am all the patients will take their breakfast. Then, from 8am until 12pm, the ‘perawat’ will conduct the patients in doing massage and physiotherapy watched by the staff nurse. Sharp at 12pm, the patients have their lunch. I forgot to mention that the diaper must change every 4 hours before they eat and before they sleep. At evening also ‘perawat’ must do reflexology to all the patients. At 6.30pm the patients will have their dinner. It is always given rice, fried fish, and vegetables with plain water. Here in PPQL, chicken is not allowed to give all the patients. At night, sharp at 10pm the staff nurse will switch off the lamp to let the patients sleep. Same goes to everyday. 

Ok now let me talk about slip disc since there are too many patients who came to get treated at PPQL have the same problem with their back pain. Slip disc occurs when the soft inner portion of the disk protrudes through the outer ring. Symptoms vary based on where the slipped disk occurs and if it compresses any of your spinal nerves. Slipped disk are not only common in older adults but also teenagers. 

The spinal column is made up of a series of bones stacked onto each other. From top to bottom, the column includes seven bones in the cervical spine, 12 in the thoracic spine, and 5 in the lumbar spine, followed by the sacrum and the coccyx at the base. These bones are cushioned by disks. The disks protect the bones by absorbing the shocks from daily activities like walking, lifting, and twisting. 

The lower back is one of the more common areas for slipped disks. Your spinal column is an intricate network of nerves and blood vessels. A slipped disk can place extra pressure on the nerves and muscles around it. 

Symptoms are:

-          Pain and numbness, most commonly on one side of the body

-          Pain that extends to your arms or legs

-          Pain that worsens at night or with certain movements

-          Pain that worsens after standing or sitting

-          Pain when walking short distances

-          Unexplained muscle weakness 

-          Tingling, aching, or burning sensations in the affected area

How to treat? 

Usually at PPQL, Ustaz will suggest the patients to do ‘bekam lintah’ at the certain point that he/she feel pain. The highlight of the treatment is to remove the dirty blood or blood cloth at the certain points. Usually, after the treatment, the patients said that their body feel energized and more fresh. In medical method maybe it totally different but here I’m just want to talk about traditional medicine complementary that PPQL have been used to offer to the customer. 

Intro 

Half of the patients in the ward have been diagnosed with diabetes. Let me introduce a little bit about diabetes. Diabetes is a disease that affect how your body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is vital to your health because it’s an important source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues.

Symptoms

Depending on how much your blood sugar is elevated. Some people, especially those with prediabetes may not experience symptoms initially. In type 1 diabetes, symptoms tend to come on quickly and be more severe. The symptoms are:

-          Increased thirst

-          Frequent urination

-          Extreme hunger

-          Unexplained weight loss

-          Presence of ketones in the urine

-          Fatigue 

-          Irritability

-          Blurred vision

-          Slow-healing sores

-          Frequent infections, such as gums/ skin infections and vaginal infections

How insulin works?

Insulin is a hormone that comes from a gland situated behind and below the stomach (pancreas). 

-          The pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream

-          The insulin circulates, enabling sugar to enter your cells

-          Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in your bloodstream

-          As your blood sugar level drops, so does the secretion of insulin from your pancreas. 

Only this I can share with reader. Other than that I can’t explain because I am not a medic student. I’m just telling you what I’ve learn and understand during practical at the PPQL.

The other day, we are assigned to organize all the file of the patients. We are required to sort files alphabetically so that it will be easier to search the patient’s name. Besides that, all the data of the patients are not organizing properly due to the relocation of the PPQL from Seksyen 15 to Danau UKM. So, we are here to help them in organizing their patient’s data. Maybe in the future my friends and I will come out with the new method which is easier than before. 

It takes only a night to settle all the organizing with the help of one of my member, Leen even though that night I have stomachache due to food poisoning. All the files are kept in the drawer at the ward so that it will keep all the patient’s data safe. 

We have another new task given by the Supervisor, Mr Hasbee to take care of all the 8 herbs until we finish our practical at PPQL. Before that, we have a vote among us and I got Belalai Gajah which is also known as Sabah Snake Grass. Let me tell you about it since I also don’t know before. 

Sabah Snake Grass is an herb grown usually in tropical weather countries, like Malaysia and Thailand. Its scientific name is Clinacanthus nuthans. It is a non-toxic edible plant. In Thailand they used it for treatment of skin rashes, and herpes, and also used to cure snake bites. Besides that, it is also used to treat patients with kidney failure in Indonesia. While in Malaysia, it is famous for having good effects on cancer patients, although it is also used to reduce symptoms of dialysis patients.

 Research shows that Clinicanthus Nutans is a kind of edible plant, ant it contains extremely high levels of Flavonoids. It is containing a multiple of vitamins, minerals and amino acids that the body requires. Flavonoids is a substance that has anti-inflammatory effects and anti-oxidative effects. Rutin and Quercetin are the most important type Flavonoids. Rutin is routinely used for the treatment of gum inflammation and shows good effects. On the other hand, Quercetin can inhibit the negative effects of carcinogens. Soy bean is known to have large about of Flavonoids and thus soy bean milk is good for health. 

Sharp at 7.30 am my friends and I are ready to start our day by doing some exercise. Actually, our CEO, Mr. Fahmi have been told us before that he going to bring us to Taman Tasik Chempaka at Bandar Baru Bangi to do some exercise due to our hard working at PPQL without any activities. The aerobic session starts at 8 am and it is free of charge and it held openly at the tasik so that everyone can join it for free in order to practice a healthy lifestyle in their daily life. 

Before that, we had running 1 lap of Taman Tasik Chempaka to warming up our body. Then, at 9.10 am the aerobic session started. I had enjoyed along the aerobic session and I feel that all my stress from work totally disappeared. Thanks to Mr. Fahmi for bring us to do such an exciting activity like this. So that in the future we hope for more activities such as wall climbing, zip line, abseiling and many more. Hehehehehe :P  

Today I was assigned to sit at the registration counter and I found out this one patient who diagnosed with Anxiety Disorder. She is a teacher and came to get a treatment at PPQL. She went to the hospital to get treated but then the doctor suggests her to get a treatment at the psychiatrist and she told that she had a problem that she had difficult to sweat. Then Ustaz ask her to do massage, Terapi Alami, and physiotherapy to let her sweat. So now I will tell you about anxiety disorder. 

Many people feel nervous when faced with a problem at work,before taking a test, or making an important decision. But anxiety disorders are different which is they can cause such distress that it interferes with your ability to lead a normal life. This is a serious mental illness. Usually, the patient who diagnosed with this illness are commonly worry, and fear are constant and overwhelming, and can be disabling. 

1) Panic disorder

- People with this condition have feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning. Other symptoms of a panic attack include sweating, chest pain, palpitations, and feeling of choking. It can feel like you’re having a heart attack or going crazy. 

2) Social anxiety disorder

- This involves overwhelming worry and self-consciousness about everyday social situations. The worry often centers on a fear of being judged by others, or behaving in a way that might cause embarrassment or lead to ridicule.

3) Specific phobia

- These are intense fears of a specific object or situation such as heights or flying. The level of fear is usually inappropriate to the situation and may cause you to avoid common, everyday situations.

4) Generalized anxiety disorder  

- This is excessive, unrealistic worry and tension, even if there’s little or nothing to provoke the anxiety.

·         Feelings of panic, fear, and uneasiness

·         Problems sleeping

·         Cold or sweaty hands or feet

·         Shortness of breath 

·         Heart palpitations

·         Not being able to be still and calm

·         Dry mouth 

·         Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet

·         Nausea

·         Muscle tension

·         Dizziness

So today I was assigned at the ward in the morning. I feel so sleepy because last night I watched Japanese drama. Hehehe Sorry for that. Ok now I want to tell you about the benefits of the other herbs that we had planted. In Malay, we call it as ‘sambung nyawa’ but in English we call it as Longevity Spinach. But it’s scientific name is Gynura procumbens. It is found in China, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The plant grows wild but is also cultivated as a vegetable or medicinal plant. Its young leaves are used for cooking, such as with meat and prawns in a vegetable soup. 

It has found its way around the world and is widely used as an accepted medicine for diabetes, HTN, and elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. In Singapore, Gynura procumbens is believed to lower blood pressure and sugar levels. Locals there will recommend you to eat 3 – 7 leaves daily in the raw form. It also has been used for the treatment of eruptive fevers, rash and kidney disease. The leaves of this plant continue to be used as folk medicine to control diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. Besides, it also protects the kidneys and retinas from damage caused by high blood sugar. 

Mahkota Dewa is the miracle herbs for cancer, diabetes, skin disease, high blood pressure, stroke, high cholesterol, weak kidneys, kidney failure, impotence, hepatitis, rheumatic (joints paint), gout, arthritis, heart disease, uric acid, hemorrhoid, tonsil, menstrual problems, vaginal infections, decreased libido, osteoarthritis, sinusitis, acne, obesity, cough, and fever. 

Its contains 4 useful chemical for human body:

1)      FLAVANOID

-          Improving the blood flow

-          Reducing cholesterol

-          Reducing the chances of heart disease

-          Improve blood circulation throughout the body 

-          prevent blockages in blood vessels

-          reduce the cholesterol content

-          reduce the levels of risk of coronary heart disease

-          contains anti-inflammatory

-          help to reduce pain if there is bleeding or swelling 

 

2)      ALKALOID

-          Detoxification which can neutralize toxins in the body

 

3)      SAPONIN

-          Anti-bacteria and anti-virus agent

-          Reducing sugar level in blood

-          Enhance the immune system

-          Enhance the vitality

-          Reduce blood clotting

 

4)      POLIFENOL

-          Used as anti-allergic

-          Serve as an antihistamine (allergy)

Part of plants that can used as medicine:  

-          Leaves – skin diseases such as eczema and hives

-          Fruit – antitumor, anti-dysentery, anti-insect, eczema, hepatotoxic, & antibodies

-          Fruit skin and flesh fruit – dysentery, psoriasis, and acne

Other than that, it is also can treat SLE, dengue fever, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, gastric, constipation, diarrhea, asthma, migraine, chicken pox, and sinusitis. 

The treatment of this plant is you need to boil the leaves in the water and drink it. Based on studies that have been done by UPM, it confirmed that this herbs have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory.  

First of all, the item that must have are alcohol swab, plaster, ubat gamat, coffee powder, cotton and gauze. First, remove the gauze and clean the blood with alcohol swab until the bleeding is stop. Then, dip the cotton with ubat gamat then add some coffee powder then attach it together with gauze at the bleeding spot. Then finish. If the bleeding doesn’t, ask them to do the same until the bleeding stop.  

1)      Imbalance of Water element

-          Cold, sinusitis, asthma, swellings, blood thinning or blood clotting, problem of urination, diseases of reproductive organs.

2)      Imbalance of Earth element

-          Weakness, obesity, cholesterol, weight loss, and weight gain, bones or muscular diseases.

3)      Imbalance of Fire element

-          Coldness or fever, skin diseases, increased coldness or heat in body, loss of vital energy, acidity, diabetes, and mental disorders.

4)      Imbalance of Air element

-          Nervous disorders, blood pressure problems, lung disorders, physical pains/deformities, depression, locomotors ataxia. 

 

Before the modern medicine exists, the way they treat patient is based on 3 aspects which are time, day, and month. By these 3 aspects they can diagnosed the pain of the patient. Other than that, they also used the birth date as their guide. Besides, they also diagnosed through the patient’s name which is calculate the number of letters and associated with the 4 elements of human body. 

Previous area, they measure temperature by using betel leaves or coleus blumei leaves. The leaves then put in the armpits and if the leaves look bruise, it means that the temperature of your body is high.  To measure air of your body is by using wet cotton and put it between your nose and mouth. After a few minutes, if the cotton dry it means that air in your body is hot. Then lastly, to measure blood is to check your pulse at the carotid artery (neck). If your pulse is faster, it means that your body is hot.  

The reasons why must check your blood sugar.

Blood glucose levels are measured in millimoles per litre of blood (mmol/L). Target ranges may differ depending on your age, duration of diabetes, the type of medication you are taking and if you have any other medical problems. Normal blood glucose levels are between 4.0–7.8mmol/L. If you level above 7.8mmol/L, the risk to have a diabetes is high. 

Leaves and the whole of the plant has been used as a treatment. It is also used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes, fever, worm infections, chronic bronchitis, leprosy, flatulence, colic, dysentery, and skin disease for an example burns, wounds, and ulcers. It is also good remedy for treating snake-bite and female disorder. Moreover, it is also protecting the insulin producing cells of the pancreas and improves glucose metabolism and diabetic retinopathy. Traditionally, the herb is also used for high blood pressure and modern research has also confirmed its gentle and safe hypotensive effects. 

The studies have shown that an increased intake of vegetables rich in phenolic compounds is associated with a decreased risk of several chronic diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Cosmos Caudatus have exceptionally high anti-oxidant capacity, mainly due to its polyphenol content. Polyphenol-rich rich food are potent anti-oxidants, which protect cells against oxidative stress and reduce the risk of chronic disease. The anti-oxidant properties of Cosmos Caudatus play a crucial role in promoting significant health benefits and potentially reduce the harmful effect of oxidative stress. 

The only treatment that have been used by traditional Malay medicine in order to treat illness and disease caused by spiritual elements are:

-          Drink water that have been read certain surah in it

-          Give counseling to the patient to motivate her/him

-          Always pray 5 times a day

-          Always read Al-Quran

-          Read surah Al-Faatiha, 3 Qul, Al-Mulk and ayat Kursi before sleep

-          Avoid from hurting others

-          Always kind to people

This plant has many cystoliths of calcium carbonate and an infusion is mildly alkaline. The high content of this calcium carbonate make this boiled water of this plant become mildly alkaline and function in ease of urination. Orang Asli in Kampung Bawong swallowed the fresh leaves of the plant to enhance the immune system. Traditionally, daily consumption of the leaves of this plant has been believed to control blood sugar levels. 

So today I want to tell you about balloon catheters urine. A urinary catheter is a tube placed in the body to drain and collect urine from the bladder. The person that need to use a catheter if you have:

-          Urinary incontinence (leaking urine or being unable to control when you urinate)

-          Urinary retention (being unable to empty your bladder when you need to)

-          Surgery on the prostate or genitals

-          Other medical conditions such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or dementia

Catheters come in many sizes, materials (silicone, latex, Teflon), and types (Foley, straight, coude tip). A Foley catheter, for example, is a soft, plastic or rubber tube that is inserted into the bladder to drain the urine. There is one patient that have been used balloon catheter which is Haslinda because she is diagnosed with stoke that make her unable to move her leg and hand. Besides, she can move a little bit her hand but can’t grip. It has the proper way to insert the catheter into the patient’s body. Both your hand must hygiene before touch the catheter in order to avoid any infection.  

For muslim, spirit or we call it as “roh” have been completed the creation of human, it can occur anytime and also as a practitioner, you can analyze the type of illness of the patients by look at the patient’s reaction, character and attitudes. Why we associates “roh” in traditional medicine? This is because of the creation of a human to cure the illness. For example, Balpalsy include (rohani + jasad) while Cikgu Ezzu (rohani) due to anxiety disorder. That’s all for today. Thank you for giving your time. :P

Between 12 to 14 weeks of fetal development, the testicles or ovaries form in the abdomen near the kidneys. They gradually move down into the lower part of the abdomen as the baby continues to develop. As they move down, a portion of the peritoneum (a thin layer of tissue that lines the inside of the abdomen) that attaches to the testicle is drawn with it into the scrotum, forming a pouch or sac. 

Approximately 80 percent to 90 percent of inguinal hernias appear in boys. They are more common on the right side, but in about 10 percent of cases, they occur on both sides (bilaterally).

Oedema is a buildup of fluid in the body which causes the affected tissue to become swollen. The swelling can occur in one particular part of the body or may be more general, depending on the cause. Fluid can accumulate under the skin – most commonly causing swelling of the lower legs and ankles – or in one of the body's internal organs, such as the lungs. As well as swelling or puffiness of the skin, oedema can also cause: 

Oedema is most common in the feet and ankles. This is known as peripheral oedema. Other types of oedema include:

Idiopathic oedema is a term used to describe cases of oedema where a cause can't be found.

It's normal to have some swelling in your legs at the end of the day, particularly if you've been sitting or standing for long periods. Oedema is often a symptom of an underlying health condition. It can occur as a result of the following conditions or treatments:

Immobility and standing for long periods are the two most common causes of oedema in the legs. Other possible causes include:

Oedema is often temporary and clears up by itself. For example, if you've been standing up for too long on a hot day, your ankles may swell up until you get the chance to put your feet up and rest. 

If oedema doesn't go away by itself, see your GP. They'll try and find out if there's an underlying cause which needs to be treated. This could involve taking medication or following some advice, such as:

If an underlying condition is causing the fluid imbalance, it should clear up after the condition has been diagnosed and treated.

Every night he keeps mumbling to himself and disturb us to work. Every 5 minutes he keeps calling us to keep look at him and have a chat with him. He also disturbs other patients to sleep at night. But as professional, we keep give him what he wants. Although he seems to not eat much. It makes us more worried towards him because he need to eat medicine but doesn’t eat much.  He only eats bread and a little bit of “kuih”. 

When is physiotherapy used?

Physiotherapy can be helpful for people of all ages with a wide range of health conditions, including problems affecting the:

Physiotherapy can improve your physical activity while helping you to prevent further injuries.

Why physiotherapy?

Physiotherapy is a degree-based healthcare profession. Physios use their knowledge and skills to improve a range of conditions associated with different systems of the body, such as:

Specifically, physiotherapists can help you with:

If you are unable to attend during visiting hours, talk to the member of staff in charge of the ward to arrange an alternative time to visit. Hospitals encourage relatives and friends to visit patients in order to give them moral support. However, patients can get tired very quickly. For this reason, the number of visitors each patient is allowed is usually restricted, and it might be necessary to stagger the visitors so they come at different times. 

From my observation in time of visiting in PPQL, sometimes the visitor does not obey the instruction of the time visit. There is timetable that attached at the front door of the ward the perfect timing for visit the patients. They still visit the patients while they are under treatment. So, it makes our work delayed. My suggestion is to strengthened the rule in the ward.  

·         Attitude

·         Performance

·         Interpersonal Skills

·         Corporate Representation

Employers engage persons on either contracts of service or contracts for services. Only a person engaged under a contract of service is an employee and therefore protected by the full range of employment legislation. An independent contractor or self-employed person will have a contract for services with the party for whom the work is being done. The distinction between a contract of service, and a contract for services can sometimes be unclear but the type of contract a person is engaged under can have serious implications for both employer and employee in matters such as employment protection legislation, taxation and social welfare.

While the full contract of employment does not have to be in writing, you must give your employee certain terms and conditions of employment in writing within 2 months of starting employment. This information must include the full names of the employer and the employee and details of the job title, the pay, hours of work, notice requirements. You can read details in our document on the contract of employment.

While most terms and conditions of employment are stated in a written contract or a company handbook you should be aware that custom and practice in the workplace can also constitute a term of employment, for example, a mid-morning break of 10 minutes. 

If you, as the employer, wish to change a term or condition of employment you must agree this change with your employee. This requirement for both the employer’s and the employee’s consent to changes in the terms of the contract is part of contract law. Based on PPQL, they do not use this system towards their employees. So if anything happens to the employees, they can’t summon the company. So this is their weakness. 

You are responsible for ensuring that your employees are given adequate rest. The Organisation of Working Time Act 1997 sets down the rules governing maximum working hours and daily and weekly rest breaks. Based on my observation, the “perawat” does not have enough time to have a rest even to eat especially at weekend. They usually eat and rest or call their family at the time where there is no customer. Their time working s from 4am till 12am nonstop. That is why sometimes they look very tired. 

Nearly all employees, full-time, part-time, temporary or casual have annual leave and public holiday entitlements from the time they start work. Most employees are entitled to 4 weeks’ paid annual leave per leave year. Part-time workers ‘entitlement is generally calculated as 8% of the hours worked subject to a maximum of 4 working weeks per leave year. Employers can determine the timing of annual leave, taking into consideration work and personal requirements; however, you should consult your employee or their union in advance. Your employee can request pay for annual leave in advance. You are also obliged to allow employees to avail of statutory protective leave, such as maternity leave, paternity leave, health and safety leave, parental leave,adoptive leave, and care’s leave. There is specific legislation setting down the rules for each entitlement.

Based on my observation, the staff nurse only had one off day in a week. To apply for off day need to have a valid reason. So my suggestion is if you want to have a dedicated and a great performance from your employees, give them reward or holiday package to motivate themselves to work harder in order to achieve organization’s vision and mission.  

The condition mainly affects men over 30 and women after the menopause. Overall, gout is more common in men than women. Gout can be extremely painful and debilitating, but treatments are available to help relieve the symptoms and prevent further attacks. Any joint can be affected by gout, but it usually affects joints towards the ends of the limbs, such as the toes, ankles, knees and fingers.

Symptoms develop rapidly over a few hours and typically last three to 10 days. After this time the pain should pass and the joint should return to normal. Almost everyone with gout will experience further attacks at some point, usually within a year.

Gout is caused by a build-up of a substance called uric acid in the blood.  If you produce too much uric acid or your kidneys don't filter enough out, it can build up and cause tiny sharp crystals to form in and around joints. These crystals can cause the joint to become inflamed (red and swollen) and painful.

Things that may increase your chances of getting gout include:

If you have gout, treatment is available from your GP to:

There are two main types of diabetes:

Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1. During pregnancy, some women have such high levels of blood glucose that their body is unable to produce enough insulin to absorb it all. This is known as gestational diabetes.

Many more people have blood sugar levels above the normal range, but not high enough to be diagnosed as having diabetes. This is sometimes known as pre-diabetes. If your blood sugar level is above the normal range, your risk of developing full-blown diabetes is increased. It's very important for diabetes to be diagnosed as early as possible because it will get progressively worse if left untreated.

Type 1 diabetes can develop quickly over weeks or even days. Many people have type 2 diabetes for years without realizing because the early symptoms tend to be general.

The amount of sugar in the blood is controlled by a hormone called insulin, which is produced by the pancreas (a gland behind the stomach). When food is digested and enters your bloodstream, insulin moves glucose out of the blood and into cells, where it's broken down to produce energy.

However, if you have diabetes, your body is unable to break down glucose into energy. This is because there's either not enough insulin to move the glucose, or the insulin produced doesn't work properly. Although there are no lifestyle changes you can make to lower your risk of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes is often linked to being overweight.

The specific cause of eczema remains unknown, but it is believed to develop due to a combination of hereditary (genetic) and environmental factors. Children are more likely to develop eczema if a parent has had it or another atopic disease. If both parents have an atopic disease, the chances increase further. 

Environmental factors are also known to bring out the symptoms of eczema. These include: 

Atopic dermatitis commonly manifests itself in infants with dry and scaly patches appearing on the skin. These patches are often intensely itchy. The symptoms of atopic dermatitis can vary, depending on the age of the person with the condition. 

Most people develop atopic dermatitis before the age of 5. Half of those who develop the condition in childhood continue to have symptoms as an adult, though these symptoms are often different to those experienced by children. 

People with the condition will often experience periods of time where their symptoms will flare up or worsen, followed by periods of time where their symptoms will improve or clear up. 

Infants: 

Children, from 2 years old to puberty: 

Over time, the following symptoms can manifest: 

Adults: 

Adults who developed atopic dermatitis as a child but no longer experience the condition may still have dry or easily irritated skin, hand eczema, and eye problems. 

The appearance of skin affected by atopic dermatitis will depend on how much a person scratches and whether the skin is infected. Scratching and rubbing irritates the skin further, increases inflammation and makes itchiness worse. 

1) Takeyasu’s Arteritis 

2) Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)

3) Polyarteritis Nodosa (PN)

No one knows what causes arteritis. It’s believed to be an autoimmune disorder. Your immune cells attack the walls of your major blood vessels, causing varying degrees of damage. The immune bodies inside your blood vessels form nodules called granulomas that block blood flow to other parts of your body. The interior cells of your blood vessels may be weakened, making them prone to aneurysms. Aneurysms can rupture and cause internal bleeding.

These diseases may lead to a loss of blood and oxygen to your internal organs. Impaired blood flow to your body organs can cause blindness, heart failure, or kidney failure, depending on which arteries are involved. Rapid treatment is necessary to prevent organ damage from arteritis.

The treatment of arteritis focuses first on suppressing your immune reaction. To do this, your doctor will prescribe corticosteroids, such as prednisone, or other drugs that suppress your immune system. Your doctor can bring secondary infections under control using antibiotics. Finally, if any of your organs has been damaged, you may need surgery to restore them to a healthier state.

Insulin is a medicine to control the level of sugar in your body for those who diagnosed diabetes. The person with type 1 diabetes must inject exogenous insulin (insulin from sources outside the body). 

In addition to promoting the access of glucose into cells, insulin is also called a builder hormone. This is because it helps fat and muscle to form. It promotes the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen for times when glucose is not coming in. It also blocks the breakdown of protein. The patients who are under insulin are Jeffree, Semiah and Rohimah. They are given insulin every day. For Rohimah, she has to inject 3 times a day and for Jeffree and Semiah only once a day at night.    

Insulin Tips:

·         Insulin can be kept at room temperature for 4 weeks or kept in a refrigerator until its expiry date. After which, it should be discarded. 

·         Insulin does not store well in excessive sun or cold, so protect it against these conditions.

·         You can give an insulin shot through clothing.

·         You can reuse disposable syringes a few times.

1) BPPV

2) Vestibular neuritis / labyrinthitis

3) Meniere’s disease

Less often vertigo may be associated with:

·         head or neck injury

·         brain problems such as stroke or tumor

·         certain medications that cause ear damage

·         migraine headaches

 

Vertigo is often triggered by a change in the position of your head. People with vertigo typically describe it as feeling like they are:

·         spinning

·         tilting

·         swaying

·         unbalanced

·         pulled to one direction

Other symptoms that may accompany vertigo include:

·         feeling nauseated 

·         vomiting

·         abnormal or jerking eye movements

·         headache

·         sweating 

·         ringing in the ears or hearing loss 

1) Vestibular rehabilitation 

2) Canalith repositioning maneuvers 

3) Medicine

4) Surgery

The symptoms of psoriasis vary depending on the type you have. Some common symptoms for plaque psoriasis which is the most common variety of the condition. Psoriasis can also be associated with psoriatic arthritis, which leads to pain and swelling in the joints. Pustular psoriasis, characterized by red and scaly skin on the palms of the hands and/or feet with tiny pustules.

What causes psoriasis?

·         Emotional stress and trauma to streptococcal infection

·         Death of a loved one

·         New environment

1.       Metal (white)

·         Include large intestines and lung 

·         To treat your lung or large intestines, better to eat foods that are white such as barley, radish, or waterchestnut.

 

2.       Water (black)

·         Include kidney and gall bladder

·         To treat your kidney, better to eat foods that are in black color such as Habbatus Sauda, papaya’s seed, or squid ink.

 

3.       Earth (yellow)

·         Include spleen. 

·         To treat your spleen, eat foods that are in yellow color such as turmeric, banana, and other.

 

4.       Wood (green)

·         Include liver and bile.

·         To treat your heart and bile, eat foods that are in green color such as vegetables, or any herbs.

 

5.       Fire (red)

·         Include heart and small intestine.

·         To treat your heart is to eat foods that are in red color such as tomato or pomegranate.

·         Abdominal bloating/ swelling

·         Painful bowel movements

·         Pelvic pain before or during the menstrual cycle

·         Painful intercourse

·         Pain in the lower back or thighs 

·         Breast tenderness

·         Nausea and vomiting

Severe symptoms of an ovarian cyst that require immediate medical attention include:

·         Severe/sharp pelvic pain

·         Fever

·         Faintness/dizziness

·         Rapid breathing

These symptoms can indicate a ruptured cyst or an ovarian tension. Both complications can have serious consequences if not treated early. 

·         Bleeding from the vagina that is not normal, such as bleeding between menstrual periods, after sex, or after menopause

·         Pain in the lower belly or pelvis

·         Pain during sex

·         Vaginal discharge that isn’t normal

The patient said that she had a surgery to remove the cell cancer but afraid to do chemotherapy. Because she heard that many people who did the chemotherapy died after a few weeks. But for me, it is good to do the chemotherapy at least you try your best to get treated. Tawakal to Allah is the most important thing. But Ustaz said to the patient no need to get a chemotherapy and just get the treatment from him. For me, it was totally wrong to say that to the patient who is diagnosed with servical cancer. At least you have to give her spirit and motivate her to do the chemotherapy. Honestly, I am not agreed with Ustaz statement. Because my mother also diagnosed with breast cancer and she have been through chemotherapy twice. Alhamdullilah, now she is healthy and strong enough to do daily activities.  

 

Cekur has been used as a rub to “warm the body” during a woman’s confinement. It also has been used to treat high blood pressure, swellings, ulcers, sprains and asthma and widely used in the Malay herbal formulas of jamu.

 

There is one Study investigated the antinociceptive activity in mice and rats using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail-flick tests and the result show that the antinociceptive mechanisms appear to be both peripherally and centrally mediated actions. This prove that the opioid receptors are probably involved. Therefore, supports the use in traditional medicine of Kaempferia galanga against pain caused by various causes.

 

If you didn’t have painkiller in your medicine cabinet, perhaps this herbs can save you. So why not we plant cekur beside our house. It has many benefits besides it leaves a rhizome can be used in cooking.

The evaluation of antibacterial activities using the micro-dilution technique revealed that both the leaf and rhizome oils were moderately active against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacilluslicheniformis, Bacillus spizizenii and Staphylococcus aureus, and the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas stutzeri.

    2. Inflammatory Response