1. Within the category of Natal Measures, I chose grandparents. I am grateful to still have all four of my grandparents. My grandparents help shape me into the person I am today. As a child to an adult my grandparents installed strong religious beliefs in me, by keeping me in tune in a spiritual setting. My grandparents laid the foundation of being family orientated by hosting Sunday dinners, hosting holiday gatherings to keep traditions going. Aso keeping the family together as one.

2. Within the category of Behavioral Measures, I chose cultural practices because I partake in rituals known as baptisms. A baptism is a ritual prayer-action when someone becomes a member of the Christian community.

3. Within the category of Subjective Measures, I chose self-concept because it shapes my thoughts, behaviors, and identity in many areas.

4. Within the category of Situational-Contextual Measures I chose home-family and work. These are two of the places I send most of my time and they both contribute to who I am today. I grew up in a home were home-family was most important. Learning values, boundaries and rules to help in and out the household. Being able to work to bring in a stable financial income contributes to financial ethics that can be tailored to fit my family's financial situation.

3.2 Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measures

1. 41

2. I believe that I have a higher sense of Ethnic Identity. This has helped me to understand how to my perception may be different among other groups.

3. I bond with African American groups of people because this is where I feel most comfortable. Being around other individuals who identify the same as me makes me feel comfortable because they understand the things you face in everyday life.

4. I wasn't surprised by the results.

   3.3 Rosenberg's self esteem

   1. 28

   2. My score makes me feel like I am going a good b at controlling my self esteem. I am where I would like to be in life.

   3. I believe my score is above average because I continue to use positive self talk, I am pleased with myself. I control how I feel not others

      3.4: RACIAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT PADLET POST

      1. My Racial Identity Development is Internalization.

      2. I further understand my own sense of racial identity. I am able to create meaningful relationships with other ethnicities, which leads to effective cross-cultural communication.

      3. Going into 7-11 after school being told to leave your backpacks at the door, continuously being asked are you going to buy that, being watched and followed.

      4. I learn that through learning about your racial identity will help you with growth to understand what is happening in the world.

         3.5: FIND YOUR RACIAL IDENTITY RESOURCE

         1. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2019/04/09/the-role-of-race-and-ethnicity-in-americans-personal-lives/

1. After going over Belgrave's definition of racism, I have witness 3 of the types of racism. Individual Racism, Institutional Racism and Cultural Racism. In slide 3, I have seen structural racism, internalized racism, internalized racial superiority, and internalized racial inferiority.

2. We do not live in a post-racial society. Racial disparities and inequalities persist in various aspects of life, including education, employment, criminal justice, healthcare, and more. Systemic racism and discrimination continue to affect marginalized communities, and racial bias and prejudice persist on both individual and institutional levels. Events and movements, such as the Black Lives Matter movement, demonstrate that racial issues remain at the forefront of societal discussions.

3. Race refers to a group of people of common ancestry, that may be based on physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features. I believe that race is a social construct rather than biological construct.

4. https://youtu.be/7myLgdZhzjo?si=LbGNRaR0_xfcZWjI I agree with the content of this video. In the youtube video attached above talks about what the difference between race and ethnicity? How the definitions of races and ethnicities have changed over time and across places. It also discuss the terms minority and minority-majority and how races are defined in the United States.

5. One thing that stood out to me from the unit was how many people are familiar with overt acts of racism, such as racial slurs or explicit discrimination, the more insidious forms of racism, like systemic racism and symbolic racism, can be harder to identify and confront.

1. Imposter Syndrome is the inability to absorb one's accomplishments and the persistent fear that one will be exposed as a fraud.

2. Imposter Syndrome can affect a student in their educational journey and into their career experience by having lack of confidence. The student may put off assignments/task out of fear of failure or spend excessive amount of time on assignments/task to ensure they meet high standards. Going into a career experience the individual may avoid new job opportunities that can advance their educational or career goals.

3. African American woman will question their abilities and qualifications despite their achievements.

4. In the workplace African American woman sometimes experience mental strain. African American women may experience higher levels of stress, anxiety, and even depression, particularly when they believe that they need to continually prove themselves in the workplace.

5. We can battle the phenomenon and discrimination simply by showing up. Increasing representation in the places that have historically excluded African American's will not only benefit the institutions we infiltrate, but create an environment where African American's no longer feel like outliers. Simply, the more African American's in the room, the more African American's will feel like they belong there and are less alone they will feel in their minds.

6. One thing that I learned from this unit is African Americans are 20% more likely than the general population to experience a mental health problem. However, African American's are also the least likely to receive a diagnosis or treatment.

1. Some psychological consequences that a person of color endure experiencing subconscious racial slights may include social withdrawal, frustration and anger and identity conflict. Accumulated experiences of slights can lead to feelings of frustration and anger, impacting emotional well-being. These experiences might create internal conflicts about one's identity, belonging, and self-worth. This will eventually lead to social withdrawal to prevent slights from happening.

2. Racial microaggressions can perpetuate the stereotype that people of color are more likely to be associated with criminal behavior or as seen as threats. Microaggressions can convey the stereotype that individuals of certain races are less intelligent or less competent than others.

3. Intersectionality contributes to economic disparities within the African American community. Factors like race, gender, and sometimes educational background intersect to create barriers in employment, leading to wage gaps, limited job opportunities, and barriers to career advancement.

4. These theories collectively influence an individual's understanding of their sense of self and ethnic identity by shaping their experiences, beliefs, and opportunities. Recognition and understanding these influences help form a more authentic and empowered sense of self and ethnic identity.

5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzyL96LZdHU ; I chose a video about microaggressions in the workplace. This video helps you come up with a plan, also known as "set up the situation" to have a conversation anyone that may have you feeling uncomfortable, due to racial microaggression.

6. I would use the same strategy from the video listed above, objectively describe the behavior that was displayed to the individual, explain the impact it has caused you and do differently. Work together to come up with solutions to ensure things are done differently in the future.

7. One thing that stood out to me was that racial microaggression happens to all minorities. I think sometimes I can get so wrapped up in all the bad things that African American's endure that I forget about the microaggression that happens to others that aren't getting special privilege.
   

1. Code switching involves transitioning between different linguistic styles. For instance, in casual or familiar environments, individuals may utilize vernacular English, while opting for standard American English in formal or professional settings. Proficiency in code switching, particularly in the use of standard English, can significantly impact an African American's life success. A lack of proficiency in effectively code-switching to standard English might limit opportunities in education, employment, and career advancement. This challenge can potentially hinder an individual's access to various opportunities and hinder their progress in professional sphere.

2. Expecting individuals to abandon their natural linguistic patterns or cultural expressions in favor of a standardized form can contribute to the erasure of diverse cultural identities.

3. The effects of code switching intersect with identity strain. This happens when expectations to adapt and conform to diverse cultural norms, leading to potential conflicts between one's genuine identity and the anticipated behavior in different environments.

4. https://youtu.be/ptn5hxOkZlw?si=DuyGBTUU5PZ5LLiv In the link above, the video bringing awareness to racial code switching. The video presents numerous real-life instances that highlight the occurrences within Black communities.

5. One successful strategy to address misconceptions about code switching within and outside the African American community is education and awareness campaigns. These initiatives could involve workshops, seminars, or educational programs aimed at explaining the cultural and linguistic significance of code switching. They can provide information about the positive aspects of code switching, such as its role in communication, cultural identity, and adaptability.

6. In this unit it highlights the importance of code-switching, adaptation, and navigating different linguistic contexts, showcasing the flexibility and adaptability of language within diverse social settings.

1. The Yoruba Orisha faith, also recognized as Santeria, holds deep cultural, spiritual, and social significance for its followers. It stands as a fundamental part of individual identity, anchoring them to their heritage and roots. Santeria carries profound meaning for practitioners as a pathway to divine connection, offering avenues for seeking guidance, healing, protection, and spiritual evolution. Rituals, ceremonies, prayers, and offerings constitute central pillars within Santeria practices, forming essential rituals integral to their religious observances and traditions.

2. Joining the Yoruba Orisha faith provides a sense of cultural identity and belonging. It offers a way to embrace African spirituality, rituals, and customs that were suppressed during the era of slavery and colonization.

3. Herbalists and traditional healers frequently utilize natural remedies derived from plants, herbs, roots, and other natural elements, attributing them with both spiritual and medicinal properties that contribute to physical healing and overall well-being. Concurrently, baths, rituals, tarot readings and ceremonies are performed to invoke the blessings and intercession of the Orishas for the purpose of healing. These ceremonial practices encompass singing, drumming, dancing, chanting prayers, and presenting offerings to the Orishas. Through these sacred rituals, practitioners aim to achieve spiritual cleansing, purification, and the restoration of equilibrium to facilitate healing processes.

4. https://www.vox.com/2020/7/31/21346686/orisha-yoruba-african-spirituality-covid From this resource attached, I learned that African spirituality has a history of resistance against attempts to suppress traditions during slavery and colonization. Enslaved Africans syncretized their indigenous beliefs with Christianity, forming practices like Santería and Vodun as a means of preserving their culture and achieving liberation.

5. One feature common to all traditional African religious communities is the belief in mystical power, and a belief in the existence of mystical forces or powers in the universe that can be tapped by those human beings who have the knowledge to do so for good or ill. Because these experiences cannot be given scientific explanations, some scholars have associated African religion with the practice of magic.

1. There is a disparity where white individuals are more often prescribed potent pain medications compared to black individuals for similar reasons. Researchers discovered that this inequality primarily arises from entrenched beliefs in biological distinctions between black and white individuals. These beliefs contribute to the perception that black individuals experience less pain than their white counterparts and result in insufficient treatment recommendations for pain among black patients, as stated in the study.

2. Healthcare providers' unconscious implicit biases have been identified in studies, impacting their interactions with African American patients. These biases, coupled with inadequate communication and potential discriminatory practices, can lead to adverse childbirth outcomes. Additionally, African American women are at a heightened risk of pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, and postpartum hemorrhage, which significantly contribute to elevated maternal mortality rates.

3. To enhance the experiences of African American mothers during childbirth and improve infant survival rates, comprehensive prenatal care should be accessible to all African American women. This care should encompass early and regular check-ups, screenings, and education about healthy pregnancy practices. Additionally, it's crucial to tackle social determinants of health, including issues like poverty, housing insecurity, limited access to education, and employment opportunities, as these factors significantly influence the health outcomes of both African American mothers and infants.

4. https://www.cdc.gov/healthequity/features/maternal-mortality/index.html The resource aims to create awareness and decrease Black maternal mortality rates. It's pivotal to emphasize that more than 80% of pregnancy-related deaths in the U.S. can be prevented, underscoring the need for focused interventions and educational initiatives to tackle this challenge.

5. The speaker in the audio refers to a stark statistic from "The New England Journal of Medicine." Despite seeming counterintuitive, it's a disconcerting reality that a highly educated Black woman is more likely to have her baby face mortality than a White woman with an 8th-grade education. This unsettling truth underscores the severity of the issue at hand.

1. They include higher rates of preexisting health conditions that increase the risk of complications from the coronavirus; social and economic factors that contribute to health risk; and long-standing inequities in health care access and outcomes.

2. Because of past mistreatment and discrimination in healthcare, many African Americans are cautious and hesitant about trusting medical authorities. This reluctance has made some hesitant to try new medical treatments or get COVID-19 vaccines quickly. As a result, fewer African Americans are getting vaccinated and seeking medical care, leading to differences in how COVID-19 affects this community.

3. By setting up accessible vaccination sites in familiar community spaces, offering extended hours, and providing support for transportation to remove logistical barriers. Encourage healthcare providers to adopt a culturally competent approach. Training healthcare professionals to navigate these sensitive topics with empathy and understanding is crucial in fostering trust and addressing vaccine hesitancy. Lastly, providing clear, accurate, and culturally sensitive information about vaccines, healthcare practices, and contexts of medical mistrust can help alleviate concerns and build trust.

4. https://youtu.be/THPSwmkS9rk?si=FGzD57lsgc3_qTiI This resource sheds light on the challenges faced by African Americans regarding COVID-19 and their mistrust of healthcare professionals. Within the resource, several stories from African Americans highlight their experiences. One story involves a doctor who mentioned not receiving fair treatment due to her skin color, she was released from the hospital and later died from Covid-19.

5.  The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, spanning 40 years, stands as a tragic and disturbing chapter in American medical history. This deplorable incident starkly underscores the systemic racism and unethical practices that have fueled mistrust within the African American community toward healthcare providers. Such instances have significantly added to the hurdles African Americans encounter in healthcare, from receiving differential treatment to inadequate medical care and facing disparities in medication and treatment options.

1. Its a source of salvation, healing and there is collective support from other churchgoers. In another way to relieve your symptoms or to address your burdens.

2. When mental health services are culturally sensitive and relevant, individuals are more likely to engage in treatment, follow through with recommendations, and experience improved outcomes. Culturally competent care acknowledges the strengths and resilience within the African American community, promoting a more effective therapeutic process.

3. Organize events, forums, and discussions within the Church community to increase awareness and education about mental health. Offer comprehensive training programs for mental health professionals that focus on cultural competence and sensitivity, and recruit and retain mental health professionals from diverse backgrounds, including African American clinicians.

4. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/choosing-change/201409/mental-illness-or-adaptation Dominant models of mental illness often treat it as a discrete pathology, distinct from ordinary human psychology. 

5. Households headed by Black Americans “are at least twice as likely as whites to be poor or to be unemployed.” This is caused by the many systemic inequalities. That another reason why African Americans have to work twice as hard.