Discussion 2- Pharm 2300 by Alexis Deleon https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy en-us 2020-06-19 03:23:47 UTC 2020-06-19 21:56:34 UTC hello@padlet.com The 2 Divisions of ANS/Alternate Names: alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633045160 - Sympathetic: Adrenergic: "Fight, Fright, Flight"
-Parasympathetic: Cholinergic "Rest and Digest"  ]]> 2020-06-19 03:25:46 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633045160 Sympathetic Neurotransmitters: alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633074706 - Acetylcholine (ACH): NT is released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings.
- Norepinephrine (NE): NT is released at postganglionic nerve endings. Synthesized from dopamine, released by adrenal medulla & neurons.
- Epinephrine (EPI): Acts on adrenergic receptors, released/produced by adrenal medulla.
-Dopamine (DA): Precursor to NE. Stimulates alpha, beta, dopaminergic receptors.]]> 2020-06-19 04:12:14 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633074706 Parasympathetic Neurotransmitter: alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633801840 Acetylcholine (ACH): NT is at ganglia and postganglionic nerve endings.]]> 2020-06-19 17:01:11 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633801840 Neurotransmitter sympathetic organ stimulation effects: alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633806807 - Adrenal Medulla: release of epinephrine
- Arteries: vasoconstriction (exceptions: coronary arteries, arteries to skeletal muscles, which are dilated)
- Heart: Increases heart rate and AV conduction. Increases contractility.
- Intestines, GI motility, and Secretions: decreased
- Postganglionic NT: norepinephrine released
- Respiratory passages, lower: brochodialation
- Urinary bladder: relaxation
- Urinary sphincter: contraction]]> 2020-06-19 17:06:17 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633806807 Sympathetic/Adrenergic Receptors: alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633866694 - Alpha 1: Found on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries and veins. Stimulated by NE & EPI.
- Beta 1: Located on the heart. Stimulated by NE & EPI.
- Beta 2: Located on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscles blood vessels-vasodialation. Stimulated by EPI only. 

]]> 2020-06-19 18:09:17 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633866694 Parasympathetic organ effects: alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633890279 - Heart: Decreases heart rate and AV* conduction. Slight decrease in contractility.
- Intestines, GI motility and secretions: increased
-Pupil of eye: constriction (mitosis)
-Respiratory passages lower: Bronchoconstriction 
-Urinary bladder: Contraction
-Urinary sphincter: Relaxation  ]]> 2020-06-19 18:35:59 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633890279 Parasympathetic Cholinergic Receptors: alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633902848 - Muscarinic: located on cardiac, smooth muscle, glands.
- Nicotinic 1 (Nn): located at synapse area
-Nicotinic 2 (Nm): If stimulated muscle contracts
*all stimulated by ACH*]]> 2020-06-19 18:49:48 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633902848 Drug Classifications of ANS- Sympathetic: alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633908816 - Alpha 1 Adrenergic Agonist: alpha-1 receptor stimulated.
Use: increase BP, increase circulation of vital organs, promote decongestion.

-Adrenergic Agonist: stimulates all alpha and beta receptors.
Use: severe allergic reactions/anaphylaxis, shock, cardiac arrhythmias

-Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers: binds to alpha-1 receptors & blocks them.
Uses: Hypertension, Benign prostatic hyperplasia

-Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonists: low dose= stimulates d-1 receptors,
moderate dose=stimulates beta-1 receptors, high dose= stimulates alpha-1 receptors.
Uses: treatment of shock, increases b.p. and increases heart function.

- Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist: stimulates beta-2 receptors.
Uses: asthma, respiratory illness/disease, preterm labor.

-Selective Beta-1 Blockers: beta-1 receptor is blocked
Uses: HTN, angina, arrhythmias, tachycardia, migraines, glaucoma, heart failure.

-Non-Selective Beta-1 Blockers: blocks beta-1 and beta-2 receptors
Uses: HTN, angiina, tachycardia, migraines, glaucoma, heart failure.


]]> 2020-06-19 18:55:56 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633908816 Drug Classifications of ANS- Parasympathetic: alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633942258 - Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonist (Parasympathomimetics):
Directly stimulate/Bind to muscarinic receptors. Mimic ACH.
Uses: miosis, glaucoma, urinary retention, and ileus/intestinal stasis.

- Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonist (Parasympathomimetics):
Increases ACH at the Nm receptors on skeletal muscle.
Uses:  urinary retention, intestinal stasis/ileus, reversal of anticholinergic-rocuronium bromide, respiratory paralysis, treatment for myasthenia gravis.

- Anticholinercis( parasympatholytics): bind to a cholinergic receptor.
Uses: Increase HR, decreases vagus nerve activity, ulcers/colitis/IBS, bronchodialation. ]]> 2020-06-19 19:36:48 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633942258 Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonist: alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633964130
  • ephedrine
  •  phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
    • ]]>     2020-06-19 20:03:23 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633964130     Adrenergic Agonist alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633967043
  • epinephrine (Adrenalin®)
    • ]]>     2020-06-19 20:06:55 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633967043     Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633972778
  • prazosin (Minipress®)
  • terazosin (Hytrin®)
  • doxazosin (Cardura®)
    • ]]>     2020-06-19 20:14:16 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633972778     Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonist alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633974846
  • dobutamine 
    • ]]>     2020-06-19 20:16:32 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633974846     Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633975817
  • formoterol (Foradil®)
  • albuterol (Proventil®/Ventolin®)
  • terbutaline (Brethine®)
    •  
    ]]>     2020-06-19 20:17:49 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633975817     Beta Blocker alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633977298 Nonselective:
    • nadolol (Corgard®)
    • propranolol (Inderol®)
    • timolol (Blocadren®)
    Selective:
    • atenolol (Tenormin®)
    • metoprolol (Lopressor®)
    ]]>     2020-06-19 20:19:50 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633977298     Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633978935
  • acetylcholine
  • pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
  • bethanechol (Urecholine®)
    •  

    ]]>     2020-06-19 20:22:08 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633978935     Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633980755
  • neostigmine (Prostigmin®)
    • ]]>     2020-06-19 20:24:36 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633980755     Anticholinergic alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633981360
  • atropine
  • dicyclomine (Bentyl®)
    • ]]>     2020-06-19 20:25:28 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633981360     Skeletal Muscle Relaxants alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633984191  Peripherally Acting
    Depolarizing Agent: succinylcholine
    Non-depolarizing Agent: 
    •     rocuronium bromide (Zemuron®)
    b) Direct Acting:
    •       dantrolene (Dantrium®)
     Centrally Acting: 
    •     cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril®)
    •     carisoprodol (Soma®)
    •    methocarbamol (Robaxin®)
    •    orphenadrine citrate (Norflex®)
    •    chlorzoxazone  (Parafon Forte DSC®)
    •    metaxalone (Skelaxin®)
    ]]>     2020-06-19 20:29:47 UTC https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633984191     Respiratory Drugs alexisdeleon1 https://padlet.com/alexisdeleon1/k5idk5y3b5g2pqcy/wish/633994515 Mast Cell Stabilizers:
    • cromolyn sodium (Intal®/Nasalcrom®)

    Brochodilators:
    -- Sympathomimetics "B-2 agonist" (short and long acting):
    •           albuterol (Proventil®/Ventolin®)
    •           formoterol (Fordil®)
    •           terbutaline (Brethine®)

    -- Xanthine Derivatives:
    •            theophylline (Theo-dur®)
    •            aminophylline (Paladron®)

    Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist: 
    • montelukast (Singular®)

    Anticholinergic:
    •    ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)
    Combination Brochodilator:
    •     ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate (Combivent®)

    -Antihistamines:
    --Generation 1 (sedating): 
    •   brompheniramine (Dimetapp®)
    •   chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton®)
    •   clementine (Tavist®)
    •   diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)
    •   hydroxyzine (Atarax®)
    •   promethazine (Phenergan®)
    •   azelastine (Astelin® or Astepro®)

    --Generation 2 non-sedating:
    •   loratadine (Claritin®)
    •   fexofenadine (Allegra®)
    •   cetirizine (Zyrtec®)

    -Corticosteroid (asthma or allergic rhinitis)
    •    budesonide (Rhinocort® or Pulmicort®)
    •    mometasone (Nasonex® or Asmanex®)
    •    fluticasone (Flonase® or Flovent®)
    •    flunisolide (Nasalide®)
    •    triamcinolone (Nasacort®/Azmacort®)

    -Antitussives:
    a.) Narcotic: 
    •   hydrocodone (Hycodan®)
    •   codeine/guaifenesin (Robitussin AC®)
    b.) Non-Narcotic:
    •   dextromethorphan/guaifenesin (Robitussin DM®)
    •   benzonatate (Tessalon Perles®)
    - Decongestants:
    •   oxymetazoline (Afrin®)
    •   pheniramine (Dristan®)
    •   phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
    •   pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®)
    -Expectorants:
    •    guaifenesin (Robitussin®, Mucinex®, Organidin®)

      




      


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