- Play is a fundamental part of learning 

- Storytelling and the oral tradition are vital 

- Arts are at the heart of learning 

There was something different when compared to other animals, they had high cognition. 

But, can we think without language? 
Somehow we can see that animals understand what is happening and show emotions: anger, happiness, sadness etc. 

*binary language 

Unique sequences of 0 and 1 - Steven Pinker thinks that this is very similar to our thoughts “the voice in your head”. 

Inner voice - when we think, we can hear your voice inside our heads. 

Mentalese - the language of your thoughts. 

Every time we want to say something we use mentalese before speaking. (Pinker)

I made a parallel with the concept of technology and how it is rapidly advancing by the last 2 decades, exactly because "(...) technology frees up time and resources some of which is used to develop new technology. So each century has advanced faster than the one before" (source: https://unctad.org/webflyer/impact-rapid-technological-change-sustainable-development).

Something that surprised me was to know that it can be a language with almost a complete lack of numeracy.

Something I would like to know more about is something completely out of context (or maybe not lol) involving a controversia (which I just found out) on academic writings and them not putting their ideas into words which are easy to understand. (link: https://medium.com/swlh/why-cant-academics-write-82e54725b076)
This came to me while I was watching this TED talk from Pinker, about his book “Blank Slate”, when he mentioned - with some irony - the philosopher Judith Butler.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CuQHSKLXu2c) 

It's through language we can learn how to develop other tools and pass things on from generation to generation. 

If you go back to the origin of the word of technology - way, fashion, tool, how to accomplish something. It's not really created, it's naturally developed. We can use language as a powerful tool to achieve things. 

Languages have taken lots of time to take their current shape- it’s a long process, same mechanism as how mammals evolved for instance. 

Isabela said “Mother languages - words that don't exist in other languages for example.” These words are often reflective of the particular culture in which the language is inserted.

The way a language evolves hinges on cultural and historical aspects. This process creates walls, although we can share things between languages; this cultural exchange further alters language and allows it to evolve. We can talk about our culture without other people to understand. 

There is a language next to India that is spoken by 80 people. Many are becoming extinct nowadays (because they don`t have a written system) this supports the claim that languages have evolved.

*Idea of evolution - Natural Selection (evolved from a common ancestor) 

220 INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES IN BRAZIL (Antonieta Megale)

BONOBO AND CHIMPANZEES - Bonobos have a more sophisticated way of communicating than chimpanzees. Bonobos are more social and because of that, more communicative. 

PLAY IS AT THE HEART OF LEARNING AND COLLABORATE, WHICH LEADS TO LANGUAGE LEARNING. 

Adults have a systematic way to learn, they ask questions about it. They learn using techniques and analysing the language. 

What does NEROSCIENCE know?  
SWITCHING, UPDATING, INHIBITING,

BILINGUALISM:  SOLVE DIFFERENT PROBLEMS, FOCUS, NEW CONTENT (memória de trabalho)

BILINGUALISM – TRÁFEGO ÁEREO (muitas informações “muitos aviões). FUNCIONAR ou NÃO (bem). = Acidente

COGNITIVE CONTROL = executive funcitons  X not to be taken over by the distractors (LOOSE focus, seduction). Allocate control

COGNITIVE  RESERVE = PLASTICITY – brain will be plastic for a longer period – KEEPING our brain healthy longer

1 - What level of English is necessary to teach in BE?

2 - What level of English is necessary for students to participate in BE classes? 

3 - How can students’ proficiency be measured?

Falantes nativos, que supostamente são fluentes na língua (c2) como nós falantes da língua portuguesa, também supostamente somos. 

A maioria de nós estudou seguindo o padrão de língua britânico ou americano.  

inglês é considerada a segunda língua (oficial) 

Expanding circle (Brasil)

O Inglês é oficialmente visto no Brasil como língua estrangeira. 

Temos mais falantes não nativos utilizando o inglês do que nativos. 

Como controlar a norma, a gramática, o certo e errado, se as pessoas estão usando. Como determinar o que é certo ou errado nesse contexto? 

Mais de 1 bilhão de pessoas usando…

Americanos utilizam o do e o does de maneira errada gramaticalmente falando.. 

Existe um grande contraste fonológico dentro do nosso proprio país.

- Our context/students are always changing.

- It is important to think about our goals  before planning a class.

Threats (Ameaças) e também é conhecida como Análise FOFA ou Matriz SWOT.

Ferramenta de análise que pode ser aplicado na Educação, a fim de refletir as práticas do professor/escola. 

Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) refer to linguistic skills needed in everyday, social face-to-face interactions. For instance, the language used in the playground, on the phone, or to interact socially with other people is part of BICS. The language used in these social interactions is context embedded. That is, it is meaningful, cognitively undemanding, and non-specialized. It takes the learner from six months to two years to develop BICS.

Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) focuses on proficiency in academic language or language used in the classroom in the various content areas. Academic language is characterized by being abstract, context reduced, and specialized. In addition to acquiring the language, learners need to develop skills such as comparing, classifying, synthesizing, evaluating, and inferring when developing academic competence. It takes learners at least five years to develop CALP. Research from Collier and Thomas (1995) has shown that it may take children with no prior instruction or no support in native language development at least seven years to develop CALP.

Active Learning - Student centered strategies, partir das motivações e interesses dos alunos. Quanto da participação deles está presente nas aulas. Professor como mediador da aprendizagem, e tutor e curador dos materiais. 

Ex: Professor de ciencias ensina a materia utilizando a lingua inglesa

As escolas dizem utilizar CLIL como abordagem, mas quando avaliam, avaliam os dois? 

Os objetivos e a avaliação devem estar relacionados a conteúdo e língua.

 

Food for thought - Karina discorda do termo pois hard e soft inferem que um é melhor do que o outro

Professora bilíngue que trabalha com CLIL - EMI 

Professores de engenharia, por exemplo, estão fazendo o curso sobre CLIL e podem procurar a professora bilíngue para compartilhar e trocar sobre o conteúdo de língua. 

O ideal seria que o foco estivesse em diferentes aspectos a depender da aula, projeto, proposta em questão. 

Em algum momento, cada um precisa ter um UP, e o foco precisa sempre variar e não manter apenas o foco em conteúdo, por exemplo - Isso seria EMI.  

choose, through alternative rhetoric and dissident projects. This is where critical literacy begins,  for  questioning  power  relations,  discourses,  and  identities  in  a  world  not  yet 

finished, just, or humane. 

- Teachers must recognize and empower students with backgrounds different from their own, including their voices in the conversation and validating their experiences and perspectives.

- KNOW YOUR BUBBLE!
Educators must first understand how their own identities are constructed and be social critics willing and able to dissect and analyze our society. We all have biases. Question your own assumptions. Self awareness is the key. 

"Social media is instant, in some cases can reach millions of people at once, and can even instigate behaviors. We often don't even know who might eventually read it and how it will affect them."

As representações que fazemos de uma ideia 2d para 3d não são exatamente reais, depende do ponto de vista. É uma ideia interessante de ser desenvolvida com crianças e jovens, a da “perspectiva”. 

É essencial desenvolver a habilidade de “questionar”. O conhecimento só vem a partir de um questionamento. Em qualquer área, o currículo deve questionar o status quo. Uma pessoa que memorizar um conteúdo, vai aprender a seguir algo, sem questionar.