Immunology L03 Page 1 by https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed en-us 2020-05-06 01:47:34 UTC 2025-10-28 04:30:28 UTC hello@padlet.com what i know about the various immunoglobins 190001411 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553739712 2020-05-06 04:36:16 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553739712 5 Different Classes of Antibodies jes_leenminecrafter https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553745675 IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE and IgA (acronym: GAMED). They differ in structure of Fc Region]]> 2020-05-06 04:44:03 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553745675 The 6 Functions of Antibodies jes_leenminecrafter https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553748721 2020-05-06 04:48:11 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553748721 190028901 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553750472 C-terminus (constant region) are effector regions where a receptor macrophage or host receptor recognize and attach to it.
CH Domain 1 can bind to other proteins like enzymes.
CH Domain 2 and 3 of effector regions are where receptors can bind.
This makes the antibody have multiple functions.]]> 2020-05-06 04:50:23 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553750472 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553751034 IgG is the most abundant type of antibodies. It is found in all fluids and protects bacteria and viral infection through the activation of natural killer cells and phagocytes. ]]> 2020-05-06 04:51:03 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553751034 gene rearrangement 190001411 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553757681 occurs when B cells develop and mature in the bone marrow to form naïve B cells]]> 2020-05-06 04:59:47 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553757681 Section 5 jes_leenminecrafter https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553776784 I know that IgG is the most important antibody since is the most abundant, have high binding affinity, can be transferred through placenta from mum to child, activate complement through Classical Pathway, activate phagocytes, NK cells and act as opsonin]]> 2020-05-06 05:22:31 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553776784 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553781498 IgD is co-expressed with IgM during early B cell development. It is produce in a secret amount in the blood serum. IgD signals for B cells to be activated in order for them to participate in the immune defense. It activates basophils and mast cells to induce inflammation and antimicrobial response.
 ]]> 2020-05-06 05:27:37 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553781498 Resting B cells carry IgM and IgD antibodies 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553802985 2020-05-06 05:50:03 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553802985 Resting B cells can form memory B cells 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553803597 2020-05-06 05:50:42 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553803597 Affinity - Strong amino acids bind to antigens 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553804026
Avidity - Multiple weaker amino acids bind to antigens.
* The individual amino acids can have good or bad affinity]]> 2020-05-06 05:51:04 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553804026 Antibodies recognize non- protein antigen based on complementary shaped and binding affinity, just like how they detect antigens 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553805209 2020-05-06 05:52:18 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553805209 Blood group A have antibodies A but not antigen A to prevent macrophages form detecting and engulfing the blood cells. 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553806034 2020-05-06 05:53:02 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553806034 Neutralization 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553812058 1. Toxin binds to cellular receptors
2. Antibody protects cell by blocking binding of toxin]]> 2020-05-06 05:59:15 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553812058 Neutralizing Antibody blocks viral entry 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553812846
  • Virus binds to receptors on cell surface
  • Receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus
  • Acidifiction of endosome after endocytosis triggers fusion of virus with cell and entry of viral DNA
  • Antibody blocks binding to virus receptor and can also block fusion event

    • ]]>     2020-05-06 06:00:02 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553812846     Opsonisation 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553813543
  • Bacterium is coated with complement and IgG antibody
  • When C3b binds to CR1 and antibody binds to Fc receptor, bacteria are phagocytosed
  • Macrophage membranes fuse, creating a membrane-enclossed vesicle, the phagosome
  • Lysosomes fuse with these vesicles, delivering enzymes that degrade the bacteria

    • ]]>     2020-05-06 06:00:41 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553813543     Agglutination of microbe 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553813878
  • Antibodies bind to several microbes
  • Microbes phagocytosed by marcophage

    • ]]>     2020-05-06 06:01:01 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553813878     Precipitation of soluble antigen 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553814210
  • Antibodies bind to soluble antigens
  • Microbes phagocytosed by macrophage

    • ]]>     2020-05-06 06:01:20 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553814210     Antibody-dependent cellular cytoxicity 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553814484
  • Antibody binds antigens on the surface of target cells
  • Fc receptors on NK cells recognize bound antibody
  • Cross-linking of Fc receptors signals the NK cell to kill the target cell
  • Target cell dies by apoptosis

    • ]]>     2020-05-06 06:01:37 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553814484     190028901 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553837580 J chain of IgA joins the 2 protein subunit and helps in secreting the secretory component

    ]]>     2020-05-06 06:20:38 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553837580     190028901 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553846392 IgM cannot transfer to the placenta because the receptors are different and the structure of IgM is too big (pentamer) whilst IgG is a monomer.]]> 2020-05-06 06:27:31 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553846392 Fixation is the complex forming while activation is the changing from resting to active state? 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553858890 promoting assembly of the terminal membrane attack complex (MAC) is the process of Fixation]]> 2020-05-06 06:36:18 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553858890 190028901 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553860229 Complement fixation vs Complement activation?]]> 2020-05-06 06:37:12 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/553860229 190028901 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/554034157 Clonal selection --> Clonal expansion --> plasma cell --> class switching]]> 2020-05-06 08:09:05 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/554034157 Mature B cell comes out from the bone marrow, called naive/resting B cells which contain IgD and IgM 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/554337125 2. Antigen comes and binds to B-cell receptor

    3. IgN bind to antigen to get activated

    4.  Start mitosis (cell divide)

    5. Antibody diversity (Mutation and recombination) where cells are better at binding with antigen

    6.Better B cells bind to antigen and continue mitosis

    7. Clonal selection and expansion takes place to produce the clone with the most effective receptor to bind to the antigen.

    8. Good ones becomes plasma cells after undergoing affinity maturation and class specification 

    9. Produce the antibodies for antigens

    10 
    Once done job then apoptosis or form memory B cells. ]]>     2020-05-06 10:20:18 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/554337125     First response faster then second response 190171132 https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/554385676 Memory B cells have the appropriate IgG with the best affinity Fab for the antigen and can immediately attack the antigen]]> 2020-05-06 10:46:10 UTC https://padlet.com/190028901/k3oyrmde882o60ed/wish/554385676