The prehistoric art had stone balls to survive. They are a Scottish phenomenon, with over 425 examples visited. Aberdeenshire are from Lewis, Arran, harris …  They were powerful possessions and very prestigious

From the Bronze Age there are many examples of rock art. These include cup and ring marks, a central depression carved in stone, surrounded by rings, sometimes not completed. Carved spirals have also been found on the cover stones of burial costs in Lanarkshire and Kincardine.

Since the Bronze Age there are numerous examples of rock art : 

cup marks and rings, they have been found in natural rocks and stones in Scotland. They have also been found in caves like Wemyss.

In the iron age, Stirling torques, They are three golden torques in the 300th century BC and 100 BC

In the high middle Age, On Scotland were 3 groups linguistics and politics.Each of it produced differents cultures matelials. On the East were the Pictos, on the Wester were the Galeicos, on the South were british people, and on some parts of the south of Britain were the Angles

Island art is the name that developed in Britain and Ireland, means island. after the change of the Picts and the cultural assimilation of the pictorial culture in that of the Scots and the angles, and that became very influential in continental Europe, contributing to the development of the Romanesque and Gothic styles.

In Scotland there was the Scottish reform in the 16th century. They presented at concerts, composed of "Scottish airs", in the seventeenth century and classical instruments. Classical music was brought to Scotland thanks to Lorenzo Bocchi. The Edinburgh Musical Society was incorporated in 1728.

  

      

- There are some painters that are remained principally as artisans or craftsman, for example the Norie family who painted the houses with scottish landscapes. There were other painters who began the tradition of Nories, but they were of european significance,spending most part of their career outside Scotland. They were influenced by neoclassicism, Italy’s influence was significant, with too much artist that traveled there in this period.

Ramsay studied in Sweden, London and Italy before settling in Edinburgh, where he established himself as a leading portraitist of the Scottish nobility. Now he focused on real portraits, often represented by the king to colonial ambassadors and governors.

-Scotland played a major part in the origin of Romantic movement. In 1762 was speedily translated into many European language. In early work in developing a romantic sensibility to the Scottish. Duncan Macmillan as treating the waterfalls.Alexander Runciman was probably the first artist to paint in watercolours. 

The effect of Romanticism can also be seen in the works of late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century.Raeburn was the most significant artist of the period to pursue his entire career in Scotland, born in Edinburgh and returning there after to a trip to Italy in 1786.

PAINTING: Daniel Pino

Andrew Geddes and David Wilkie the most successful painters, with Wilkie succeeding Raeburn as Royal Limner in 1823. Geddes produced some landscapes, but also portraits of Scottish subjects, including Wilkie and Scott,before he finally moved to London in 1831.

SCULPUTURE: Adrián del Río

In the early decades of the century, sculpture commissions in Scotland were often given to English artists. Thomas Campbell and Lawrence Macdonald undertook work in Scotland, but worked for much of their careers in London and Rome.

Early photography: Daniel Pino

The Scottish scientists James Clerk and David Brewster played a better part in the creation of photography techniques. Photographers included chemist Robert Adamson and artist David Octavius Hill, who as Hill & Adamson they formed the first photographic studio in Scotland at Rock House in Edinburgh in 1843. 

Arts and Crafts and the Celtic Revival: Silvia Melero

The beginnings of the Arts and Crafts movement in Scotland were in the  glass revival of the 1850s.His best works included the great west window of Dunfermline Abbey and  for St. Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh.

 Scottish art IS associated with the Glasgow School. The first and largest group of the Glasgow Boys. They reacted against the commercialism and sentimentality of earlier artists were often influenced by French painting and incorporated elements of impressionism and realism, and have been credited with  Scottish art, makingultural centre.

The 80’s, 90’s and 2000’s have been very special years for music in all the world, and scotland is not less. Some of the most famous people had born in Scotland like a member AC/DC.  Also influential musicians of nowadays, are Scottish, like Calvin Harris.

In 1990 and 2000 there were many Scottish guitar bands that had critical or commercial success such as Franz Ferdinand, Frightened Rabbit, Biffy Clyro, Texas, Travis, KT Tunstall, Amy Macdonald, Paolo Nutini, The View, Idlewild, Shirley Manson de Garbage, Glasvegas, Were Promed Jetpacks, The Fratellis and Twin Atlantic Calvin Harris was one of the most famous and successful electronic music producers was Scottish.

Scotland produced many Indie bands in the 80s, some of them where Primal scream, The blue nile, Teenage fanclub and much more, there was also a burgeoning scene in Glasgow with Belle and Sebastian, Mogwai and more.

-Punk music 80’s:

Punk, also called punk rock, is a musical gender that emerged in the mid-1970s. This gender is characterized in the music industry by its independent and countercultural attitude.

In the early 20th century there was a new surge of activity in Scottish literature, influenced by modernism and resurgent nationalism,know as the Scottish Renaissance 

In the urban centres of the Lowlands, they cheer native playwrights, others demonstrated interest in language poetry, wrote both poetry and prose fiction shaped and became for translations of works from European language



Many major Scottish post-war novelists, such as Muriel Spark, James Kennaway, Alexander rocchi, Jessie Kesson and Robin Jenkins spent much or most of their lives outside Scotland, but often dealt with Scottish themes, as in Sparks Edinburgh-set The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie and Kennaways script for the film Tunes of Glory .

 

James V and William Stewart. John Bellenden translated the Latin History of Scotland. In 1527 Hector Boece, in verse and prose. David Lindsay in 1486 to 1555 was a poet who wrote narratives and romances. George Buchanan had a great influence as a Latin poet and continued until the 17th century. 

 

From the 1550s in Mary, Queen of Scots, cultural activities were limited. However, the poets included Richard who produced verses in the style of Dunbar. He wrote in the tradition of Douglas, the courtier and minister Alexander Hume, whose work includes natural poetry and verses.

 

James VI was a person that was promoted the literature in Scots. When he was 18 years old he changed the poetic literature. He was in a group of poetics called Scottish Jacobean, then this group was called Castalian Band.They was produced poems using French forms including, sonnets and short sonnets.             

 

Lyndsay produced an interlude in a palace, in 1540 Lyndsay, who criticized the corruption of the church Japheth's y Baptistes, who influenced in Scotland. The system of player companies and theatres that was developed in England was absent in Scotland. 

When the XV century started, there were a lot of new works by artists, but the best country painting was Netherlands, they also call it the Dutch Renaissance,and they wrote a lot of famous drawings.

The records indicate that Scottish palaces were adorned by rich decorations of expensive materials, like wall paintings and surviving carved oak taken from Germany.

Also they had contemporary biblical and classical figures also a lot of architecture forms exported by the south europe and by some legends of Wales and of this country, Scotland.

 
 - Reformation

In the sixteenth century, Scotland underwent a Protestant Reformation that created a predominantly Calvinist national Church of Scotland and it was strongly Presbyterian in outlook.

The loss of ecclesiastical patronage created a crisis for native craftsmen and artists who turned to secular patrons.

The Union of Crowns in 1603 removed a major source of artistic patronage in Scotland as James  and his court moved to London. The result has been seen as a shift from crown to castle.

 From 1723 to 1823 the office was a sinecure held by members of the Abercrombie family, not necessarily connected with artistic ability.

From the late nineteenth century there was renewed interest in traditional music, which was more academic and political in intent. In Scotland collectors included the Reverend James Duncan and Gavin Greig.

This tradition continued into the nineteenth century, with newfigures such as the violinists Neil and his son Nathaniel Gow. There is evidence of ballads from this period. They remained an oral tradition until they were collected as folk songs in the eighteenth century.

Celtic rock is a variant of folk rock , that combine Irish and Scottish are the most successful music. In Scotland the festivals helped to spread the traditional music. Of the style of the 1980s that from this dance band circuit were Runrig and Capercaillie.

After World War II the folk music almost disappeared, but it was maintained in a tradition and this changed when Alan Lomax, Hamish Henderson and Peter Kenedy, collected and published some recording of this music.

In 1960 there was the first folk club.

In the post-war period some new artist of that time be famous, like Robin Phillips, that was included on the color art, also there was more artist like Robert MacBryde (1913–66), Robert Colquhoun (1914–64) and Joan Eardley (1921-63), they was some of the best artist from the post-war time. They did some artistic pictures like, Two Women Sewing by Robert MacBryde, Figures in a Farmyard by Robert Colquhoun, and Summer Fields by Joan Eardley.

·PHOTOGRAPHIC RENAISSANCE

In the late twentieth century, the photography have a renaissance in scotland encourage by some famous photographers of the XX Century like Richard Hough. He has founded the Stills Gallery for photos in Edinburgh in 1977. Murray Johnston was it's director between the 1982s-1986s. Some recent exponents are Pradip Malde, Maud Sulter...

·CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS

Since 1990, Jack Vettriano was a famous artist, his most famous painting is “singing butler” and he received critics. Artist emerging from glasgow and dundee working on art installations. Some artists are: Richard Wright(wall painting), Susan Philipsz(sound installation), Douglas Gordon (video art) and many more.

 Modernism and the Scottish Renaissance:

A man named Patrick Geddes thought that art had to be parallel to the technology .This ideas come true ,and Hugh MacDiarmid did a synergy between science and art, and the creation of a new art, called modernism .

This ideas were expressed in art in the inter-war ,and some men could been part of the creation of modernism, the most important was a British mas named Fergusson .

 The work of another man , MacCance was in a bold post-impressionist style ,but after World War 1 it become abstract and influenced by vorticism .

Another modernism artists were :

James Mclntosh and Edward Baird ,both were influenced by surrealism .

New Scottish Group

When a man called J.D.Fergusson  returned from France, before of the Second World War he had to leader a Glasgow artists.He leader his first exhibition in 1942.

Painters involved included  Donald Bain who was influenced by expressionism.

Ariadna Rivas #27
Daniel García #10
Sara Roldán #28

The hip hop appeared in Scotland the 1980s.

The first hip-hop song was “The Frontal Attack”.

They were rapping consciously about their own problems in their voices.

INDEPENDENCE

Some artists of the same community were encouraged by the the  Scottish independence referendum in 2014.

The appear of “written” was a form of the battle rap with more exposure in the scene.

Hector Bizerk and of The LaFotaines  win an important award.

Also in July the Audio Soup festival in Dunbar  became the first to dedicate an  stage to Scottish hip-hop artists.

The rock was not so know in Scotland. Nevertheless, David Bowie and others has definitely percuss on the progressive rock movement. By the 1970s bands like the Average White Band and more, began to have international success. However, the biggest pop act of the 1970s were the Bay City Rollers. Also, AC/DC were born in Scotland

PSICODELIC ROCK: ALEX

Donovan  was the first person that make psicodelic rock with sunshine superman, that was a reference for Bolan creator of the T rex. Jan Bruice cream with Eric Claton and Ginger Baker

A more recent trend has been to fuse traditional Celtic with world music, rock and jazz like Shooglenifty, innovators of house fusion acid croft, Peatbog Faeries, The Easy Club.

INDEPEND BANDS: SARA

Scotland produced a lot of independ bands in the 1980s, some examples are: Primal Scream, The Soup Dragons, The Blue Nile, Teenage Fanclub… The following decade also saw  a new scene in Glasgow like The Almighty, Arab Strap and more. 

ELECTRONIC MUSIC PRODUCER BANDS: PABLO
Shirley Manson de Garbage, Glasvegas, We Were Promised Jetpacks are bands that include      man must die one of the most famous and successful electronic music producer.

Between 1990s and 2000s some Scottish guitar bands continue achieving  critical success, such as: Franz Ferdinand, Biffy Clyro and more      

THE BEGINING OF SCOTTISH LITERATURE

After the union in 1707,,Scottish literature became more important.The Scottish language remained the most used language in rural communities and number of speakers grew.Allan Ramsay wrote ‘’the Ever Green ‘’a collection that include many major poetic works of the Stewart period and he also wrote other famous poetic works.

POETS COMMUNITY 

Ramsay was a part of a community of poets working in Scots and English with a lot of different famous poets like William Hamilton , Alexander Ross ,Alison Rutherford and  Alan Ramsay, the most influential literary figure in early eighteenth-century in  Scotland.

INNOVATION ARTIST 

The beginning of the 18th century was a period of new things .New figures appears and they  include Rob Donn Mackay in the year 1714-78 and Donnchad Bàn from year 1724 to the year 1812 , the figure that mean more than others,  was  that of Alasdair mac Mhaighstir from the year 1698 to 1770.

His interesting in traditional forms can be seen in one of his most important poems called claranald’s and he also mix traditions with influences from lowlands , including the thompson stations 

THE TRANSLATIONS OF SCOTTISH LITERATURE

James Macpherson gained an international reputation for being the first eho published translations of some Scottish poems , because of that , other poems were speedly translated into different languages and that influence a lot of witters from different places . 

The bands connected with the Anhrefn record label , were an early inspiration to the Gaelic punk scene in European nation. Runrig's(the most famous Scottish rock band ) had their  first album called: Play Gaelic  in 1978, that was  taken into account to be the primary notable trendy Scottish Gaelic-language music

Mill a h-Uile Rud,  based in city, U.S., fashioned in European nation, and have compete a minimum of as several concerts in Europe as they need within the U.S. All of their material is in Gaelic. They often active, though they need not free any new material in your time.From capital, European nation started playing in English in 1981.

The Gaelic punk band Mill a h-Uile Rud were featured within the BBC arts documentary series Ealtainn, that followed them on a tour of Europe and recorded them at concerts in the island of Lewis. The Scot, a national Scottish paper based mostly in Edinburgh, often covers the Gaelic punk scene, 

The backgrounds of the musicians with  the subgenre are various, from Tim, UN agency hails from Seattle within the us, to Pakistani monetary unit Rothach, UN agency was born and raised in South Uist. In DIY-punk vogue, the Gaelic punks set out by teaching one another the language at Gaelic for Punks classes.

In 2005, Oi Polloi. This vinyl EP was the discharge that launched the subgenre.

MARÍA ESGUEVA
The best Scottish composer was Robert Carver works on the nineteen-part. James VI, rebuilt the Chapel Royal in 1594 and The Scottish Chapel Royal was now used only for occasional state visits, as when Charles comes on 1633.

DAVID NOVO
The Scottish reformation included by the calvinism. The most important work in Scottish reformed music was A forme of Prayers. The queen was a singer and brought many influences from the French court.Thanks of that,this music played a lot of instruments