Cold War Iran + Nicaragua Timeline -A Block by https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz Made with a curious mind en-us 2022-01-06 18:21:13 UTC 2022-01-06 19:45:59 UTC hello@padlet.com George 1979 - Overthrow of US Dictator in Nicaragua https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979335547 In 1979, Marxist-inspired rebels took power in Nicaragua when they ousted the US-backed dictator from office. Calling themselves the Sandinista Front, they instated radical programs meant to solve their country's ongoing economic issues. ]]> 2022-01-06 18:49:26 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979335547 August 1953 https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979336171 The CIA and British intelligence assist in a coup against the democratically elected prime minister, Mohammed Mossadeq. Leads to the 1954 Iran oil agreement.]]> 2022-01-06 18:49:47 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979336171 1956- General Somoza is assassinated (Nicaragua) https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979338894 Anastasio Somoza ordered the muder of the Sadino leader in 1934 and is assassinated by a civilian. 
He is succeeded by his son Luis Somoza Debayle]]> 2022-01-06 18:51:13 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979338894 1961- Sandinista National Liberation Front is established https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979340335 Also known as FSLN- A protesting revolutionary group ]]> 2022-01-06 18:52:02 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979340335 September 1960 https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979340593 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting (OPEC) is formed between Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela to rival Western oil companies.]]> 2022-01-06 18:52:10 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979340593 1967- Luis Somoza dies https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979343283 Succeeded by his brother Anastasio Somoza]]> 2022-01-06 18:53:37 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979343283 1979 https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979343936 The Iranian Revolution kicks off and the shah flees. Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini becomes the leader after 14 years of exile. Iran becomes anti-West Islamic theocracy.]]> 2022-01-06 18:53:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979343936 George 1981 - Reagan issues organization of counterrevolutionary forces in the country https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979345565 Calling themselves the Contras, the United States trained troops and supplied them with weapons. Their goal, at first, was to pressure the Sandinista government to stop its involvement in El Salvador, but their mission shifted to the complete overthrow of Nicaragua's government. The efforts failed and only bolstered the general population's support of the Sandinistas. ]]> 2022-01-06 18:54:54 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979345565 1978- Assassination of the Democratic Liberation Union's leader https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979346166 Pedro Joaquin Chamorro was assassinated, leading to a strike and an alliance with the FSLN to dispose of Somoza]]> 2022-01-06 18:55:07 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979346166 1979-1981 https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979347687 Radical Iranian college students take 52 Americans hostage in the American embassy. Washington severs ties with Iran, sanctions Iranian oil imports, and freezes Iranian assets. 444 days later, the hostages are released under the Algerian Accords.]]> 2022-01-06 18:56:03 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979347687 1980- Somoza Assassinated https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979348780 Anastasio Somoza is assassinated during a visit to Paraguay]]> 2022-01-06 18:56:42 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979348780 1980-1988 https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979351724 Iraq invades Iran due to fears of a Shiite revolt against Saddam Hussein, the leader of Iraq. The US supports Iraq through funding and training Iraqi military. 1 million Iranians die and 250k-500k Iraqis die.]]> 2022-01-06 18:58:18 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979351724 2015 Iran nuclear deal https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979355598 - under Obama
- non-proliferation pact with five other countries]]> 2022-01-06 19:00:30 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979355598 Under Trump, the relationship got real bad https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979355992 - Trump abandoned the deal and imposed economic sanctions on Iran, damaging the relationship
- Hostility peaked in 2020, when Trump ordered assassination of General Qassem Suleimani, the head of Iran’s Quds force, and then Iran fired missiles at US airbases to retaliate ]]> 2022-01-06 19:00:44 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979355992 2016-2020 Iran nuclear program expanded drastically https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979357383 - a lot of technological advances, US identify its ballistic missiles an equally strong threat as its nuclear tech
- now one of the world’s top missile producers
- meanwhile, Iran is facing LOTS of internal problems, so that makes a nuclear deal less possible]]> 2022-01-06 19:01:32 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979357383 2022- Biden is trying to slow Iran down but also salvage the relationship to avoid a nuclear blowout https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979358435 - proposing a new package that ends Trump’s sanctions
- more diplomatic talks to reduce tension
- dropped bombs on Abu Kamal to halt Iran’s nuclear production, but didn’t work
- also tried intimidation: dispatched B-52 bombers around Iran, didn't work, but DID reassure allies in the region
- working with five other countries to restore the nuclear deal
]]> 2022-01-06 19:02:09 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979358435 1979- Somoza resigns https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979360139 The FSLN entered Managua, resulting in the yielding of power to the revolutionary movements]]> 2022-01-06 19:03:06 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979360139 1982 to 1983- The Contras https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979370876 The Contras begin assassinating members of the government in 1982 and in 1983, the CIA supports them in the placing of mines in harbors to avoid foreign weapon shipments]]> 2022-01-06 19:08:57 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979370876 1941-1945 - Joint British and Soviet occupation of Iran https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979372353 Britain and the Soviet Union invade Iran to secure control of Iranian oil during World War II and to prevent German influence in the region.]]> 2022-01-06 19:09:50 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979372353 Spring 1946 - Britain withdraws from Iran https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979375623 Soviets initially refuse, sparking one of the first crises in the Cold War.]]> 2022-01-06 19:11:33 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979375623 May 1946 - USSR withdraws from Iran https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979377086 After the Soviet Union withdraws under U.S. pressure, the Iranians crush Azeri and Kurdish independence movements supported by Russia. ]]> 2022-01-06 19:12:25 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979377086 1984- Nicaraguan election of 1984 https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979379798 From a foreign perspective, it appeared to be a fair election, with 75% participation rate in the election, electing the Sadanistas as victors. The Reagan administration declared it was a "Soviet Style Sham" ]]> 2022-01-06 19:13:55 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979379798 1951 - Election of Nationalist Govt. in Iran https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979380867 Iranian nationalists were pushing for more of an Iranian stake in the Anglo-Iranian Oil company. This leads to the election of Mohammed Mossadegh, intent on nationalizing oil industry. On May 1st, oil is nationalized, and Mossadegh starts allying himself with left wing groups.

]]> 2022-01-06 19:14:35 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979380867 1984 - Boland Amendment passed in the US https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979385710 The Boland amendment would prohibit any US government measure that would have the effect of supporting military operations in Nicaragua. Was passed after CIA reported that the Contras, even with American support, would not succeed. Reagan could not get Congress to budge on the issue, but he continues to support the Contras through illegal means. ]]> 2022-01-06 19:17:15 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979385710 1985-1987 https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979399005 During the Iran-Iraq war, the Iranian requested an arms sale with the US despite an embargo. National Security Advisor Robert McFarlane suggested that Reagan follow through with the deal to improve relations between Iran and Lebanon. Reagan's motivation behind the deal was to secure the release of American hostages held by Hezbollah in Lebanon. Opinions within the White House were divided but the deal went through. 
Eventually, a Lebanese newspaper wrote an exposé exposing the deal, with Reagan denying the accusation. He later retracted the statement a week later and admitted the sale insisting on the motive to be to negotiate for the hostages.
However, when an investigation was conducted, only $12 million of the $30 million was actually given to the government. Lieutenant Oliver North revealed that the other $18 million was used to fund the Contras in Nicaragua. North assumed that Reagan knew of this but only National Security Adviser Admiral John Poindexter knew. This entire affair was known as the Iran-Contra affair.]]> 2022-01-06 19:25:17 UTC https://padlet.com/Webbhumanities/k1us20fuxbhrvzuz/wish/1979399005