• To propagate Christianity 

• Religious Education and Vocational courses 

• Dictation and memorization

• The vernacular was used as the medium of instruction in parochial schools. 
• The religious orders introduced the parochial school 
• Education is suppressed, exclusive (for the elite), and inadequate.

• Teacher Perspective: I would be an instrument for the students to build up their moral values and beliefs.  I would try my best in helping the students to think critically for it had served a great purpose during the period.
• Learner Perspective: I would be grateful that I can even attain an education, for education in this period is exclusive for the elites. I would make sure not to take my studies for granted and use them to serve the country.

• To teach democracy as a way of life

• Reading, writing, arithmetic, language, GMRC, civics, hygiene and sanitation, gardening, domestic science, American History, and Philippine history 

• Socialized recitation, Student’s participation

• Formal Education was established.

• Teacher Perspective: I would be glad and proud that Filipinos are now being educated and indoctrinated. It will give every Filipino and not only illustrados a chance to learn and succeed further in life.
• Learner Perspective: I would be ecstatic to be given a chance to learn and improve my livelihood.

• to develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience, and vocational efficiency 
• to teach the duties of citizenship
• to continue the promotion of democratic ideals and way of life. 

•  Character education and citizenship training. 

Education under the Commonwealth was to help prepare for the coming independence of a new Filipino nation. 

• Memorization, Recitation, Socialized recitation

• Commonwealth Act No. 586 also known as Education Act of 1940. The law provided for the following:

a. reduction of seven-year elementary course to six-year elementary course.
b. fixing the school entrance age to seven.
c. national support of elementary education.
d. compulsory attendance in the primary grades for all children who enroll in Grade I. e. introduction of double-single session-one class in the morning and another in the afternoon under one teacher to accommodate more children.

• Act No. 2706 Commonwealth Act No. 586 (Repealed by R.A. 896) This was known as the “Private School Law”, which made obligatory the recognition and inspection of private schools and colleges by the Secretary of Public Instruction so as to maintain a standard of efficiency in all private schools and colleges in the country.

• Teacher Perspective: I would feel assured that the country I am serving is finally taking steps and working its way to become an independent one. I would teach my students the history of the Philippines journey to independence and the heroes who fought for it.
• Learner Perspective: I will feel better as Philippines is finally becoming independent. There would be more job opportunities for Filipinos when I graduate because finally, the Philippines is now for the Filipinos.

• Promotion of Vocational Education and Love of Labor.
• Eradicate the past reliance on western nations
• Military Training

• Focusing on Tagalog, Philippine History, and Character Education
• Love for Work and Dignity for Labor was emphasized
•  Vocational Education
• Nippongo was used instead of English
• all textbooks censored and revised.
• school calendar become longer
• no summer vacation for students

• Stressed dignity of manual Labor
• Emphasis vocational education
• Rote Memorization
• Use of threat and Punishment

• (February 27, 1945), When the Department of Instruction was made part of the Department of Public Instruction.
• Military Order No. 2 1942 - Establishment of the Commission of Education Health and Public Welfare
• October 14, 1943- Establishment of the Ministry of Education.

• Teacher Perspective: Teaching us to have dignity in work and love for labor, Having this way of thinking would have given us so much pride in our careers. The more you have dignity in your work, the less discrimination you face in your career choices.
• Learner Perspective: It would be hard as an educator to shape the students to their in line with their vision, beliefs, and attitudes of the people, of the new order, considering the steps they had implemented. Especially, the brutalities that ushered in the Japanese occupation that the Filipinos did not encounter to the same degree during the American era.

• Fostering faith as a way of life throughout democratic society
• To provide the right environment that would bring about the full realization of this ideal of democracy.
• To maintain and advance the country's cause of democracy

• Social Orientation
• Training for occupation
• Promotion of democratic nation building
•  A new thrust on community development
• Pres. Roxas – rehabilitation of school system
• Pres. Quirino – Social Orientation, conservation of Filipino Heritage training for occupation, promoting democratic nation, building and new thrust on community development
• Pres. Magsaysay – social and economic development 
• Pres. Garcia – Non-formal education vocational training
• Pres. Macapagal – Society’s cultural identity

• Ability to rationally think and act 
• Expression of thought clearly
• Read and listen with ability to comprehend

• Executive order No. 94 (1947): Department of Instruction to Department of Education - regulation and supervision  of public and private schools belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools.
• Memorandum No. 30, 1966 sets the order of priority in the purchase of books for use in the schools 
• (1972) Department of Education and Culture by virtue of Proclamation 1081 and the Ministry of Education and Culture in 1978 y virtue of P.D. No. 1397. Thirteen regional offices were created and major organizational changes were implemented in the educational system.
• R.A. 139 (June 14, 1947)
  -Board of textbooks, Public School Screens and approve textbooks (6yrs), Private School Book of choice with no objection from board 
• R.A 1079 (June 15, 1954)
  -Civil Service Eligibility of Teachers
• R.A. 1124 (June 16, 1954)
  -Board of National Education (BNE) 
• R.A. 7722
  -BNE to National Board of Education (NBE), Board’s function is now under CHED 
• R.A. 1265 (June 11, 1955)
  -Daily flag ceremony
  Singing of National Anthem 
• R.A. 1425 (June 12, 1956)
  -Life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo 
• R.A. 4007- Elementary education was nationalized
  Abolition of matriculation fees. 
• R.A. 4670 (June 18, 1966)
  -The Magna Carta for Public School Teacher, Recruitment Qualification
  Code of Professional Conduct, Teaching load of 6hours and additional compensation for overtime, GSIS, Sabbatical leave with 60% of monthly salary, One-range salary increase upon retirement, Freedom to form organization 
• R.A. 5447 (1968)
  -Special Education Fund and local school board 
• R.A. 6054- Rise of barrio high schools
  - Dr. Pedro T. Orata
  Father of barrio high schools movement. 
• R.A. 6132 Constitutional Convention
  -Created by President Ferdinand Marcos presided over by President Macapagal 
• Executive Order No. 202 (1969)
  -Issued by President Marcos created Presidential Commission to Survey the Philippine Education (PCSPE). 
• PD 6A Educational Decree of 1972
  -National development goals and aims of the educational system.

• Teacher Perspective: Having to enhance my rationality to speak our truth. Also igniting the principle of patriotism would make an ideal Filipino that word serve his country. In this era, it strengthens our identity as Filipino, and the Philippines as a country. After all the years under our colonizers.
• Learner's Perspective: As an educator in this era where the main focus is an “integrated, nationalistic, and democracy-inspired educational system” in where we awakened the patriotism in every heart of the Filipinos. Would made me feel honored to be part of this education system.

• To guarantee that the educational system would be relevant and responsive to the national, provincial, and local development challenges and requirements.  
• Three fundamental aims of education set out by the 1973 constitution:

1. Foster love of country. 

2. Teach the duties of citizenship. 

3. Develop moral character, self-discipline, and scientific, technological, and vocational efficiency.

• The core subjects: Filipino, English, Math, and Science
• Experiential subjects: Makabayan/Araling Panlipunan, MAPEH, TLE, ESP.
• Medium of Instruction; DepEd Bilingual Policy (DepEd order no. 52, s, 1987):

• Philosophy of Basic
• Education Curriculum: Core Values

Maka-bayan
Makatao
Makakalikasan
Maka-Diyos

• Improvement of curricular programs and quality of instructions at all levels by upgrading physical facilities.
• Adopting cost-saving instructional technology and training and retraining of teachers and administrators.
• Democratization of access to education by financial assistance to poor but deserving students.
• Upgrading of academic standards through accreditation schemes, admissions testing, and guidance counselling.
• Skills training programs for out of school youth and a continuing educational program for illiterate adults.

• The Education act of 1982: Provided for an integrated system of education covering both formal and non-formal education at all levels.  
• Proclamation No. 1081 Decree no. 6 (Educational Development Decree of 1972: 

1. Make schools responsive to the needs of the new society 

2. Provide broad general education that will assist each individual in his development as a whole human being useful to his fellowmen and country. 3. Respond effectively to changing needs and conditions of the nation through a system of educational planning and evaluation.

• Teacher Perspective: I would feel honored to be molding students of formal and non-formal education to face developmental challenges to the changing world through the use of proper teaching methods.  
• Learner Perspective: I would take the chances of education to enhance personal capabilities to better not just the skills but also my moral values.

• Providing learners with skills, knowledge and values to become an independent, caring and patriotic citizen of the country.

• K-12 Curriculum 
• Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makabansa, and Maka-Kalikasan

• Activities that are learner-based and based on research
• Giving a wide career opportunities for all learners since this is their training ground into the globalized world
• Providing other learning system to cater the student's needs

• Republic Act 9155 (Governance of Basic Education Act) which changed DECS into DepEd (Department of Education). Through this act, the roles was distributed in order to cater the needs of each school's systems. 
• Republic Act 10533 - K-12 curriculum was added to prepare learners as a globally competitive individuals in the future.
• Inclusive Education

• Teacher's Perspective: This is our future as future educators. If I am the teacher during this period, I shall instill being "Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makabansa, and Maka-Kalikasan" in my lessons. Following also the given standards and curriculum of DepEd. Lessons are now learner-centered to cater their needs as a student reaching their full potential. If by chance, if there is a PWD student in my class, various accommodations and modifications can be done with the help of other professionals.
• Learner Perspective: Although the enhanced basic education program added 2 years in high school level, I am still lucky that the lessons will be taught are based on the learners. I am able to express myself on the different activities. I will also embody the four things, Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, Makabansa and Maka-Kalikasan which will help me to become a globally competitive filipino individual and a better citizen of our country.