Population: 47.78 M (2022)

Size: 506,030 km²

Year of Independence: 1884

Goverment system: Constitutional Monarchy

Current Head of state/Leader: King Felipe VI

European Union Economic Ranking: 4th

Biggest export/revenue: Vehicles, mineral fuels, pharmaceuticals, Machinery including computers, electrical machinery, plastics, iron and steel, fruits and nuts, and meats.

Sosio-Economic issues: Unemployment, income inequality, regional disparities, housing crisis, youth emigration and immigration.

Name: DORA JUSLI (BA22110479)

Population : 58.94 million (2022)

Size : 302,073 km²

Year Of Independence : 1861

Government System : Democratic Republic

Current Head Of State/Leader : Sergio Mattarella

European Union Economic Ranking : 3rd

Biggest Export/Revenue : Packaged Medicaments, Refined Petroleum, Cars, Vaccines, blood, antisera, toxins and cultures.

Socio-Economic Issues : High Unemployment, Economic Stagnation, Political Instability, Immigration and Integration, Demographic Challenges.

Nur Syazwani Binti Jasmi (BA22110341)

Population: 83.28 million (Per January 2024)

Size: 357,386 km2

Year of Independence: 3 October 1990 (West and East Germany was Unified)

Goverment system: federal parliamentary democratic republic system

Current Head of state/Leader: Olaf Scholz

European Union Economic Ranking: 1st

Biggest export/revenue (minimum 3): Automobiles and Automotive Parts, Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals, Machinery and Equipment

Sosio-Economic issues: Income inequality, demographic change, Integration of Migrants, Education and Skills Development

FRANKYLIN DELL (BA22110534)

Population: 10.53million (2022)

Size: 78,867 km²

Year of Independence: 1918

Government System: Unitary Parliamentary Republic

Current Head of State/Leader: President Petr Pavel

European Union Economic Ranking: 9th

Biggest Export/Revenue: Cars, Broadcasting equipment, Motor vehicles, Computers, Office machine parts

Socio-Economic Issues: Inflation and unemployment, regional inequality, corruption

Law Lens BA22110367

population: 11.69 MILLION ( 2022)

size: 30,688 km2

year of independence: 1830

government system: constitutional monarchy

current head of state/leader: King Philippe

european union economic raking: 25th

biggest export / revenue: Petroluem gas

socio-economic issues: regional disparities, welfare and social protection, education and healthcare.

Nur Awanis Binti Roslan (BA22110062)

Population: 5,939,695 (2024)

Size : 42,952 km2

Year of independence : 1945

Government system : parliamentary democracy

Current head of state/ leader: Mette Frederiksen

European Union economic ranking: 15th

Biggest Export/ Revenue: Packaged Medicaments ($15.9B), Electricity ($3.66B), Refined Petroleum ($3.01B)

Sosio-economic issues : inflation, demographic headwinds, unemployment

Anne Yap Ann Yee BA22110582

MURNIE YAMIT BA22160801

Population : 7 million approx. as of 2023

Size : 84,421 km²

Year of Independence : 1922 (as Irish Free State); _{but in 1949, Ireland transitioned into a republic, as Ireland ceased to be part of His Majesty's dominions, therefore fully manifests as a self-governing state without the King as its head of state.}

Government System : Republic; parliamentary democracy

Current Head of State/Leader : Michael D. Higgins _{(president of Ireland)}, Leo Varadkar _{(the prime minister of Ireland or Taoiseach)}

European Union Economic Ranking : 9^th as of 2023

Biggest Exports/Revenue :

1. Medical & pharmaceutical products

2. Organic chemicals

3. Professional, scientific & controlling apparatus

Socio-Economic Issues :

1. Increase in unemployment & emmigration

2. A fall in tax revenue

3. High level of public debt

4. Property crash

5. Banking system problems

HANI BATRISYIA BINTI ABDUL MALEK [BA22160815]

Population: Approximately 10.5 million (2024)

Size: 450,000 km²

Year of Independence: Sweden has never been occupied by a foreign power since the Middle Ages, so it doesn't have a specific year of independence in the same sense as countries that gained independence from colonial rule. However, it has been an independent kingdom since ancient times.

Government system: Parliamentary democracy, constitutional monarchy

Current Head of state/Leader: King Carl XVI Gustaf (as the ceremonial head of state) and Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson

European Union Economic Ranking : 6th

Biggest export/revenue:

• Machinery and equipment

• Motor vehicles

• Pharmaceuticals

Sosio-Economic Issues :

• Income inequality

• Integration of immigrants

• Housing affordability

• Education disparities

• Aging population

• Climate change and sustainability

Basil Bee Bin Baszley Bee (BA22160764)

Population: 536,361 (2024)

Size: 320 km²

Year of Independence: 1964

Government system: Parliamentary republic

Current Head of State/Leader: President Myriam Spiteri Debono

European Union Economic Ranking: 27th

Biggest export/revenue (minimum 3):

- pharmaceuticals

- machinery and transport equipment

- refined petroleum products

Socio-economic issues:

- housing affordability income inequality

- environmental sustainability

- managing migration flows

NUR SHAZLIANA BINTI MOHD SHAFUWAN BA22160857

Population: 10.41 M (2022)

Size: 92 152 km2

Year of Independence: 5 Oktober 1143

Goverment system: semi-presidential representative democratic republic system

Current Head of state/Leader: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa

European Union Economic Ranking: 21

Biggest export/revenue (minimum 3): Vehicles, Electrical machinery equipment and machinery including computers

Sosio-Economic issues: unemployment, income inequality, aging population, brain drain.

Ahmad Umar Rasydan bin Ahmad Zaim Faisal

BA22160810

Population: 36, 469 (2022)

Size: 916 445 km2

Year of Independence: 1793

Goverment system: Constitional Monarchy

Current Head of state/Leader: Nicolas Maduro

European Union Economic Ranking: 45th

Biggest export/revenue (minimum 3): Lack of employment was beginning to create discontent in Monegasque society. Fighting to preserve their national identity. Particularly through protecting their local dialect.

DAYANG KU SITI MASHITAH AK SULAIMAN

(BA21110057)

Population: 1.2 million people in 2023 mid year.  

Size: 9251 km2 

Year of Independence:  1960  

Goverment system:  Presidential system of government.  

Current Head of state/Leader: Nikos Christodoulides 

European Union Economic Ranking: 104th 

Biggest export/revenue (minimum 3): Ships, Mineral fuels including oil, and pharmaceuticals. 

Sosio-Economic issues: Macroeconomic imbalances, high unemployed rate. 

Affendy Mike (BA22110535) 

2. Population: 5.6 M (2022)

3. Size: 338, 145 km2

4. Year of Independence: 6 December 1917

5. Government system: Parliamentary republic

6. Current Head of State/Leader: Alexander Stubb

7. European Union Economic Ranking: 14th

8. Biggest exports/Revenue: Refined Petroleum, Kaolin Coated Paper, Large Flat-Rolled Stainless Steel, Sulfate Chemical Woodpulp, and Cars.

9. Sosio-Economic issues: Ageing, unemployment, regional development, transformation of family structure, and high inflation and policy tightening.

ANGELOU YONG YUN ANN

BA22110022

Population: 2.11 M (2022)

Size: 20,271 km2

Year of Independence: 26 June 1991

Goverment system: Unitary Parliamentary Republic

Current Head of state/Leader: Natasa Pirc Musar

Europe Union Economic Ranking: 88th

Biggest export/revenue: Pharmaceuticals, electrical machinery/ equipment, vehicles & machinery including computer

Sosio-Economic issues: Unemployment, social inequality, healthcare & demographic challenges

NURHANIS SOFEA BINTI ROSMAN (BA22110604)

Population: 1.8 million people in April 13 2024

Size: 64 559 km²

Year of Independence: 21 August 1991

Government System: Parliamentary Republic

Current head of state/Leader: Edgars Rinkēvičs

European Union Economic Ranking: 25th

Biggest export/revenue (minimum 3): Sawn Wood, Wheat, Petroleum Gas, Electricity and Fuel Wood

Sosio-economic issues: Low birth rate and decreasing population.Income inequality, poverty, uneven development.

(Yvette Grace Valentina Matthias [BA22110138])

Population: 10.07 miliion

Size: 93,030 km² (35,919 mi²)

Year of Independence: 1️⃣8️⃣4️⃣9️⃣

Goverment system: parliamentary republic

Current Head of state/Leader: Tamás Sulyok

European conomic Ranking: 21

Biggest export/revenue (minimum 3): electronics, pharmaceuticals, and motor vehicles

Sosio-Economic issues: labor shortages, severe poverty in rural regions, reliance on Russian energy imports and pervasive corruption

Population: 2.832 million (2022)

Size: 65,300 km²

Year of Independence: 16 February 1918

Goverment system: A parliamentary democracy

Current Head of state/Leader: Gitanas Nausėda

Latin America Economic Ranking: 20th

Biggest export/revenue (minimum 3):Mineral fuels and mineral oils, Furniture and stuffed furnishings ranked second.

Sosio-Economic issues: demographic Challenges, economy in equality, regional disparaties.

NOR AZA SOLEHA BINTI MAT

BA22160782

Population: 661, 594 (2024)

Size: 2,586 km²

Year of Independence: 1867

Government System: Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy

Current Head of State/ Leader: Luc Frieden

European Union Economic Ranking: 21st

Biggest Export/Revenue:

1. Industrial Machinery. (12.8%)

2. Iron and steel. (11.6%)

3. Plastics. (11.1%)

4. Motor Vehicle and parts. (8.51%)

5. Iron and steel articles. (5.86%)

Socio - Economic Issues: Inflation, High unemployment, Housing affordability, Income inequality, Transportation Infrastructure, Healthcare costs, Education access.

References:

GDP of EU member states 2022. (n.d.). Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1373346/eu-gdp-member-states-2022/

Luxembourg Population (2024) - Worldometers. (2024). Worldometers.info. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/luxembourg-population/

‌

Luxembourg - Countries - Office of the Historian. (2024). State.gov. https://history.state.gov/countries/luxembourg#:~:text=Summary

Luxembourg: Trade Statistics. (n.d.). Globaledge.msu.edu. https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/luxembourg/tradestats

The Luxembourg Government. (2018). Political system. Gouvernement.lu. https://gouvernement.lu/en/systeme-politique.html

Nur Amanina binti Othman (BA22110151)

Population: 64 881 830 (2024)

Size: 551 500 km2

Year of Independence: 22 September 1792

Government system: Semi-presidential system

Current Head of state/Leader: Gabriel Attal

European Union Economic Ranking: 2nd

Biggest export/revenue (minimum 3): Machinery, Vehicles, Pharmaceuticals

Sosio-Economic Issues: business investment, inflation, unemployment

SYAMIL AIRUL BIN SHAMSUL HAZLI (BA22110317)

Population : 10.5 million (2022)

size : 92,090 km2

Year of independence : Portugal wasn't a colony, but it did become a unified kingdom in 1139.

Government system : Semi-presidential republic with a Prime Minister and President.

Current Head of State : President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (as of April 2024)

Latin America Economic Ranking : Portugal doesn't have a ranking in Latin America's economy as its located in Southwestern Europe.

Biggest Export/Revenue :

·   Vehicles

·   Tourism

·   Machinery and Electrical Equipment

Sosio-Economic Issues :

1. High Public Debt

2. Income inequality

3. Brain Drain

4. Reliance on tourism

5. Austerity measures

Nur Aisyah Binti Mohd Juari

(BA22160839)