https://padlet.com/dianadim8472/jxqdrumwocly en-us 2017-01-10 13:43:49 UTC 2017-01-17 13:27:53 UTC hello@padlet.com dianadim8472 https://padlet.com/dianadim8472/jxqdrumwocly/wish/146238184 motivation: a need or desire that directs behavior

Incentive Theory: positive or negative environmental stimuli that motivates beahvior

Physiological vs. Psychological
-hunger drives us to eat
-fatigue drives us to rest

Drive-Reduction Theory: a physical need creates a drive to satisfy the need
ex: money does not itself satisfy any biological or psychological need, but it reduces such other drives on a regular basis simply by the receipt of a pay check

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: pyramid of human needs, each need must be successfully met to move up: ends with self-actualization

Hunger Drive/ Weight Disorders: both internal and external reasons for hunger: anorexia, bulimia, & obesity

Thirst Drive: reduction of fluid in and outside of a cell caused by sodium

Ventromedial Hypothalamus = full
Lateral Hypothalamus = still hungry

Sexual Response Cycle: four stages of sexual responding: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Psychology of Sex: men and women respond to the same stimuli

Sexual Disorders: problems that  consistently impair sexual functioning
Sexual Orientation: sexual attraction to members of a particular gender

homo and heterosexual
same gender vs. different gender

Need to Belong: Harlow: we need people, we have a need for acceptance, we will change our actions to fit in with certain groups

Achievement Motivation: desire for significant accomplishment
extrinsic- desire to perform a behavior for reward or to avoid punishment
intrinsic- desire to perform for your own sake

Leadership Style

Task vs. Social
-task: focuses on goals, sets standards (dictator)
-social: mediates conflict, builds teamwork (democratic)

Theory X vs. Theory Y
-X: constant monitoring of workers, hovers
-Y: intrinsic motivation, share control

IO psychology: studies how managers can best enhance the workplace

]]> 2017-01-10 13:44:47 UTC https://padlet.com/dianadim8472/jxqdrumwocly/wish/146238184 dianadim8472 https://padlet.com/dianadim8472/jxqdrumwocly/wish/146497494 Conflict Motivation: sometimes what you want to do in a situation is clear to you, but at other times you no doubt find yourself conflicted about what choice to make

4 Types:

Approach-Approach Conflict: occurs when you must choose between two desirable outcomes

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict:
occurs when you must choose between two unattractive outcomes

Approach-Avoidance Conflict: exists when ONE event or goal has both attractive and unattractive features

Multiple Approach-Avoidance Conflicts: here you must choose between two or more things, each of which has both desirable and undesirable features

Theories of Emotion

James-Lange Theory: arousal comes before the emotion (heart pounding... fear)
stimulus>physical change>emotion

Cannon-Band Theory: arousal comes at the same time as emotion
stimulus> emotion
>physical change

Schachter-Singer Theory: arousal paired with a cognitive label, then the emotion
stimulus> cognitive label> emotion
>physical change> emotion

Opponent-Process Theory: emotions are in pairs (fear/relief, pleasure/pain, depression/elation) ----- similar to color theory for sight
stimulus> emotion
>emotion

6 Basic Emotions: 
joy 
anger
disgust
surprise
sadness
fear


]]> 2017-01-11 13:37:09 UTC https://padlet.com/dianadim8472/jxqdrumwocly/wish/146497494 dianadim8472 https://padlet.com/dianadim8472/jxqdrumwocly/wish/146765472 Izard Theory: 10 basic emotions, cross-cultural, present in infancy, all other emotions are a combination of the original 10

Ekman's Theory: facial muscles are used to indicate emotion and are universal
a real smile: a duchene

Benefits of Smiling:
-critical for social interaction
-cues more attractiveness
-success
-stronger immune system
-lower stress
-lower age

Learned Motives: formed socially, learning from modeling

Aggression:
-intent to inflict harm or pain
-connection to learned helplessness

Achievement:
-need to excel or overcome obstacles
-highly motivated children and upbringing; "early independence and encouragement"
-emotional and cognitive roots
w/future
w/ birth order
w/creativity

Stimulus Motives: unlearned motives that encourage exploration of world
- (used to obtain information on the world... even when bored!)
-what do you ponder?
-what is your activity?

3 Theories for Hunger Drive:
-physiological
-based on your body regulating how much you and what you eat
1. Levels of Glucose
-pancreas senses glucose level
2. Hypothalamus
3. Stomach and Intestines

Thirst Drive:
Hypertonicity: cellular dehydration acts because of osmoreceptor in hypothalamus

Hypotension: high-pressure baroreceptor


Sodium Stimulates
1. Inside cells
-monitors in cells detect water level
-salt causes cells to lose water
-activates hypothalamus

2. Outside cells
-extracellular

Stress Responses:

Adaptive-Level Phenomenon:
ability to form judgement of sounds, lights, based on prior experience

Positive Psychology: study of optimal human functioning, aims to

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): process through which we respond to certain stressful
-alarm
-resistance
-exhaustion

Yerkes-Dodson Theory: optimum stress necessary for optimum performance 
too much stress = bad
too little = bad
right amount = positive/optimal performance]]> 2017-01-12 13:26:59 UTC https://padlet.com/dianadim8472/jxqdrumwocly/wish/146765472 dianadim8472 https://padlet.com/dianadim8472/jxqdrumwocly/wish/147521233 2017-01-17 13:25:54 UTC https://padlet.com/dianadim8472/jxqdrumwocly/wish/147521233