9X1 - Biology by a.khodaie https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o Made with a stroke of good luck en-us 2016-10-30 03:53:11 UTC 2026-01-26 21:43:06 UTC hello@padlet.com BBC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063783 http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/z9hyvcw/revision/2]]> 2016-10-30 03:57:43 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063783 Plant Minerals https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063790 There are two main minerals needed in a plant, nitrate and magnesium. Nitrate is used for making amino acids, which are needed to make proteins. Magnesium is used for making chlorophyll.
If there is deficient in nitrate, you will see the plant suffering from stunted growth, and if there is deficient in magnesium you will see the leaves turn yellow.
Plants need minerals to build complex molecules they need to survive and grow.
The term given to a general fertilizer is NPK fertilizer because it contains the elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Phosphate - Used for building protiens and growth - Deficiency symptom is poor root growth and discoloured leavs.

Potassium - Used for respiration and photosynthesis - Deficiency symptom is poor flower growth, discoloured leaves.

There are many limiting factors affecting photosynthesis. Light intensity is one of them. When the light intensity is too low to allow the light-dependent reaction to proceed. Very high light intensity may slow the rate of photosynthesis due to bleaching of chlorophyll. Plants exposed in such conditions have protective features to include thick, waxy cuticles and hairy leaves.

]]> 2016-10-30 03:58:08 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063790 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063800 2016-10-30 03:58:57 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063800 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063807 Plant cells as seen through a light microscope]]> 2016-10-30 03:59:17 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063807 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063812 2016-10-30 03:59:37 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063812 Layers https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063821 2016-10-30 04:00:16 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063821 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063823 2016-10-30 04:00:30 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063823 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063850 2016-10-30 04:02:02 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063850 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063855 Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. This glucose can be converted into pyruvate which releases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by cellular respiration. Oxygen is also formed.Photosynthesis may be summarised by the word equation:
carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen
The conversion of usable sunlight energy into chemical energy is associated with the action of the green pigment chlorophyll.Chlorophyll is a complex molecule. Several modifications of chlorophyll occur among plants and other photosynthetic organisms. All photosynthetic organisms have chlorophyll a. Accessory pigments absorb energy that chlorophyll a does not absorb. Accessory pigments include chlorophyll b (also c, d, and e in algae and protistans), xanthophylls, and carotenoids (such as beta-carotene). Chlorophyll a absorbs its energy from the violet-blue and reddish orange-red wavelengths, and little from the intermediate (green-yellow-orange) wavelengths.

]]> 2016-10-30 04:02:11 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063855 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063857 2016-10-30 04:02:16 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063857 More BBC! https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063862 http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/z9hyvcw/revision/]]> 2016-10-30 04:02:30 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063862 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063863 Carbon dioxide+water-oxyfen+glucose]]> 2016-10-30 04:02:33 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063863 Photosynthesis Equation https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063872 carbon dioxide+water→glucose+oxygen]]> 2016-10-30 04:03:03 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063872 Organic far https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063882 2016-10-30 04:03:24 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063882 Organic farming  https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063883 2016-10-30 04:03:26 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063883 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063892 2016-10-30 04:03:49 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063892 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063895 2016-10-30 04:03:52 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063895 What is a limiting factor? https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063896 In a process like photosynthesis which is affected by more than one factor, its rate is limited by the factor which is closest to its minimum value. So at any point in time if one of the three factors is in low supply, this factor will be the limiting factor. Only a change to the limiting factor will increase or decrease the rate of photosynthesis. Changing the other two will have no effect.]]> 2016-10-30 04:03:54 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063896 Photosynthesis https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063900 Photosynthesis is a process in which green plants use energy from the sun to transform water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and organic compounds. It is one example of how people and plants are dependent on each other in sustaining life. Photosynthesis happens when water is absorbed by the roots of green plants and is carried to the leaves by the xylem, and carbon dioxide is obtained from air that enters the leaves through the stomata and diffuses to the cells containing chlorophyll. The green pigment chlorophyll is uniquely capable of converting the active energy of light into a latent form that can be stored (in food) and used when needed.]]> 2016-10-30 04:04:02 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063900 Plant Storage https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063910 Underground storage organ
True roots: Tuberous root or root tuber — e.g. Dahlia. Storage taproot — e.g. carrot.
Modified stems: Corm — e.g. Crocus. Stem tuber — e.g. Zantedeschia (arum lily), potato. ...
Others: Storage hypo]]> 2016-10-30 04:04:43 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063910 The stages of Photosynthesis https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063912 When chlorophyll a absorbs light energy, an electron gains energy and is 'excited'. The excited electron is transferred to another molecule (called a primary electron acceptor). The chlorophyll molecule is oxidised (loss of electron) and has a positive charge. Photoactivation of chlorophyll leads to the splitting of water molecules and the transfer of energy to ATP and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.

The chemical reactions involved include:

condensation reactions - responsible for water molecules splitting out, including phosphorylation (the addition of a phosphate group to an organic compound)
oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions involving electron transfer

Photosynthesis is a two stage process.

The Light dependent reactions, a light-dependent series of reactions which occur in the grana, and require the direct energy of light to make energy-carrier molecules that are used in the second process:

light energy is trapped by chlorophyll to make ATP (photophosphorylation)
at the same time water is split into oxygen, hydrogen ions and free electrons:
the electrons then react with a carrier molecule nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate changing it from its oxidised state to its reduced state.

The light-independent reactions, a light-independent series of reactions which occur in the stroma of the chloroplasts, when the products of the light reaction, ATP and NADPH, are used to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide (reduction); initially glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (a 3-carbon atom molecule) is formed.

]]> 2016-10-30 04:04:48 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063912 Cross-section of a leaf cell https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063919 2016-10-30 04:05:06 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063919 Organ system https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063921 An organ system is made from a group of different organs, which all work together to do a particular job. Here are some examples of organ systems:
circulatory system
respiratory system
digestive system
nervous system
reproductive system]]> 2016-10-30 04:05:15 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063921 Photosynthesis equation https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063923 CO2+H2O —> C6H12O6+O2]]> 2016-10-30 04:05:30 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063923 From bbc bitesize https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063924 2016-10-30 04:05:32 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063924 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063927 2016-10-30 04:05:43 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063927 Leaf structure https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063939 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/organism_energy/photosynthesisrev1.shtml]]> 2016-10-30 04:06:37 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063939 Factors limiting photosynthesis https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063944 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/plants/plants2.shtml]]> 2016-10-30 04:06:57 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063944 Structure of a Leaf https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063955 2016-10-30 04:07:35 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063955 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063971 2016-10-30 04:08:18 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063971 What are the minerals used for? https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063976 Nitrates | Nitrogen, N | For proteins, which are needed for cell growth |

Nitrogen is needed to make amino acids for proteins

Phosphates | Phosphorus, P | For respiration and growth | Phosphorus is needed to make DNA and cell membranes

Potassium compounds | Potassium, K | For respiration and photosynthesis | Potassium is needed in enzymes involved in respiration and photosynthesis

Magnesium compounds | Magnesium, Mg | For photosynthesis | Magnesium is needed to make chlorophyll]]> 2016-10-30 04:08:36 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063976 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063978 2016-10-30 04:08:40 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063978 Go to this website to learn more about the effects of different factors on plants and  photosynthesis https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063998 http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zpwmxnb/revision/2]]> 2016-10-30 04:09:54 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063998 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063999 2016-10-30 04:09:55 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134063999 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064009 2016-10-30 04:10:45 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064009 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064014 Plants use minerals from the soil to build the complex molecules they need to survive and grow. Poor plant growth may be due to a deficiency in one or more minerals.

Mineral requirements

Fertilisers contain minerals such as:

Nitrates
Phosphates
Potassium compounds
Magnesium compounds

These minerals are needed for healthy plant growth.

]]> 2016-10-30 04:11:02 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064014 This is a diagram of the experiment with different light intensitys https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064019 2016-10-30 04:11:18 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064019 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064023
During oxygenic photosynthesis, light energy transfers electrons from water (H2O) to carbon dioxide (CO2), which produces carbohydrates. In this transfer, the CO2 is "reduced," or receives electrons, and the water becomes "oxidized," or loses electrons. Ultimately, oxygen is produced along with carbohydrates.

]]> 2016-10-30 04:11:26 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064023 Photosynthesis song https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064032 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSHmwIZ9FNw]]> 2016-10-30 04:12:10 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064032 Starch https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064045 The starch content in a plant is very important, and needs to be checked every month.
An example of this is when you own a farm of crops.
The starch can be tested by:
1) Put the leaf, being tested, in a test tube filled with ethanol
2) put the tube in a beaker filled with hot water.
3) after 10 mins take the leaf out of the tube and run it under cold water
4) put the leaf on a palate and add a few drops of iodine solution
5) wait for 5 mins and then check the results
If it's a light color its doesn't have any starch, if it's a dark color like brown, it has a sustainable amount of starch in its leaf.
So the darker it is, the better.]]> 2016-10-30 04:12:46 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064045 FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064058 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_edexcel/organism_energy/photosynthesisrev2.shtml]]> 2016-10-30 04:13:21 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064058 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064066 Animals need to eat food to get their energy. But green plants and algae do not. Instead they make their own food in a process called photosynthesis. Almost all life on Earth depends upon this process. Photosynthesis is also important in maintaining the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

]]> 2016-10-30 04:13:59 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064066 Plants can only absorb soluble minerals (those that can dissolve in water). They absorb minerals dissolved in solution from the soil through their root hair cells. However, the concentration of minerals in the soil is very low. https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064121 2016-10-30 04:16:59 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064121 STRUCTURE OF A LEAF: https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064128 The function of a leaf is photosynthesis.

For a plant to absorb light and Carbon Dioxide to produce carbohydrates, the equation for photosynthesis is Carbon Dioxide + water = Glucose + oxygen.]]> 2016-10-30 04:17:05 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064128 MINI QUIZ FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS: https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064193 http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/quiz/q96383956]]> 2016-10-30 04:20:19 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064193 TAYLOR SWIFT- TROUBLE PHOTOSYNTHESIS SONG https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064250 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ww33L0lD37I]]> 2016-10-30 04:22:28 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064250 PHOTOSYNTHESIS STYLE https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064276 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSrRYr5YXvQ]]> 2016-10-30 04:23:30 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064276 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064282 Some farmers try to avoid harming the environment by using very few chemicals. This is known as organic farming. Organic foods are often expensive to produce and so cost more in the shops.

]]> 2016-10-30 04:23:39 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064282 LET IT GROW https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064412 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSrRYr5YXvQ
(Skip to 2:27)]]> 2016-10-30 04:30:29 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064412 A VIDEO ABOUT PHOTOSYNTHESIS https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064453 2016-10-30 04:32:18 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064453 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064477 2016-10-30 04:33:40 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064477 Photosynthese Thriller!!! https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064486 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kfb-e6Y7as]]> 2016-10-30 04:34:00 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064486 https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064527 2016-10-30 04:36:34 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064527 Organic Farming https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064531 2016-10-30 04:36:44 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064531 MINI QUIZ FOR RESPIRATION: https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064534 http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/quiz/q63488951]]> 2016-10-30 04:36:51 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064534 A test for Respiration https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064548 http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zq349j6/test]]> 2016-10-30 04:37:27 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064548 Photosynthesis https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064551 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuivYRmIACM]]> 2016-10-30 04:37:38 UTC https://padlet.com/amy_k67/jx8dpw3wl50o/wish/134064551