Where a company pays money to a team or individual in return for advertising their goods

Sponsorship is simply a form of advertising to increase sales of a product and/or make the company’s name more well known. 

Examples of sponsorship?

Negatives of Sponsorship
The sponsors name becomes linked with the activity

Being linked with an activity that is performing badly reflects poorly on the sponsor.

Any negative aspects to sport, such as cheating violence or bad results can reflect negatively on the sponsor.

Sponsorship Don'ts!

Technology can be used for a wide variety of things in sport such as:

INCOME

LEVEL PLAYING FIELD

SUCCESS

Disadvantages
CHEATING

BANS

FINES

REPUTATION

HEALTH RISKS

Remember using HARD
Hype
Alcohol
Rivalry
Display of masculinity

Ectomorph - Low body fat

Mesomorph - High muscle mass

Endomorph - High body fat

Examples:

​

Mentally – Increases in arousal can get make a rugby player more aggressive in tackles

​

The ‘aggressor’ uses physical contact to directly and deliberately inflict harm upon their opponent.​

​

For example, a fielder watching ​a cricket ball fly through the air. 

​

 

A decision is made by combining short and long term memory.​

Short-term memory (STM) is remembering what you have seen and lasts for about 30 seconds.​

Long-term memory (LTM) is held in our brains where skills have been rehearsed and stored. Therefore, we can use memory and past experiences to make a decision.

For example: A cricketer will recall from their LTM how to catch a ball, compare that with what they are currently seeing (STM) so that a decision on the catch can be made.

For example: Impulses sent to arms and hands to start the appropriate muscular movements for the catch to take place.  

Feedback received may affect how you complete skills in the future.​

For example: you can feel the ball in your hand (intrinsic) and your team mates cheer when you catch it (extrinsic). 

A learned ability - the basketball player has to learn how to perform a lay-up shot.​

Pre-determined results - the basketball player sets out to put the ball in the basket.​
Maximum certainty - the basketball player expects to put the ball into the basket every time.​

Maximum efficiency - the basketball player will appear to make the lay-up look effortless, with little energy required and apparently lots of time to do it.

Underlying – Always there, what you may fall back on​

E.g. balance, coordination – Some people pick up throwing and catching much quicker than others.

Factual provided by coach – you can often see it yourself though

Knowledge of Performance (KP)
Provides more detail

How well you did irrespective of result

Deals with quality, not result

Extrinsic
Feedback from an external source

​

The left part (under arousal) would see the performer maybe under hit the the golf ball, meaning the it wouldn’t reach and may be off line.​

​

The middle (optimal arousal) would see the performer to be at the perfect arousal. Their putt would be at the perfect speed to drop in the hole.​

​

The right part (over arousal) would see the performer to be too aggressive with the putt and see the ball go flying past the hole.

​
Description​

The top half of the body should be relaxed and slow, deep breaths should be used to allow the performer to control arousal and focus their thoughts on the task in hand.​

​

Can be used before performance, and during the performance to focus the mind on the task

​

Description​

These techniques are done in the performers mind (mental/cognitive). Mental rehearsal involves the performer picturing themselves performing the skill perfectly before attempting it.​

​

Can be used before or during the performance​

​

Examples?

​

Examples?​

Acts of aggression can be classified as:

They do not physically harm or injure and the act my be within the rules of the sport. ​

The ‘harm’ such is usually mental harm, that is it makes the opponent feel less confident or worried.​

Two commonly used personality ‘types’:

The two main things that classifies a person as introvert or extrovert are:​

​

Perform better at a lower level of arousal​

Introverts tend to play:​

Introverts prefer little variety and certain outcomes​
Such as cross country or swimming​

​

Perform better at a higher level of arousal​

​

Better at:​

​

Activities with varied outcomes and plenty of action/such as invasion games.  ​
Extroverts have been shown to have a greater pain tolerance so are suited to any contact sport, or one which allows contact. For example rugby and football​

Extroverts are often leaders within a team.

​

What actually motivates you can be divided into two categories…​

The performer is driven to achieve something for the feeling it brings them.

U - Undermine - overuse of extrinsic can undermine intrinsic value​

P - Persist - More likely to persist if motivated intrinsically​

E - Effort- Effort is more likely if to be sustained if motivated intrinsically​

R - Reliance - Performers can become too reliant on extrinsic motivation

Although extrinsic rewards should not be underestimated. Winning a prize may spur a performer on and actually cause feelings of pride/self-satisfaction

People who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and have a sense of unity/togetherness

These have a huge influence on people and determine whether or not individuals become involved in sport and physical activity​.

It also helps to determine what activity they may become involved in​.
The biggest factor that determines a person’s engagement is their gender

There are wide range of conditions that come under the term disability and it is easy to make general assumptions about those with a disability without paying attention to their specific needs.

3 Main categories of disability

Integration – Involving the full participation of all people in community life, but usually referring to disabled people.

Adapted sports – Competitive sports for individuals with disabilities. 

(while they often parallel existing sports played by able-bodied athletes, there may be some modifications in the equipment and rules to meet the needs of the participants)

The financial Relationship between sport, sponsorship and media

The process by which a new product of service is introduced into the general market

The unwritten rules concerning player behaviour that are not enforced but can be observed

Appropriate, polite and fair behaviour while participating in a sporting event

The use of dubious methods, that are not strictly legal to gain an advantage (getting close to breaking the rules but getting away with it)

Usually in the performers head than written down. (some may be written and signed in pre season)

Example – Shaking hands prior to the match. Agreeing they are going to try their hardest and allow the opposition to play

However, these figures are dependent upon several factors:

These calories are obtained from the food and drink we consume. Therefore, the more calories we consume through our food the more energy we have to use.

If we do not use the calories they get stored in the body, causing weight gain.

Health and well-being have three components – physical, mental/ emotional and social.

These are known as ergogenic aids or performing enhancing drugs (PEDs).

Ergogenic Aid – A technique or substance used for the purpose of enhancing performance

NGB – Organisation with responsibility for managing their specific sport

IOC – The independent authority of the worldwide modern Olympic movement  - It organises the Olympic Games

Examples: Amphetamines and Caffeine

Side Affects: Highly addictive, high blood pressure, strokes, heart and liver problems and increase the risk of injury due to higher tolerance of pain.

Examples: Heroin and morphine

Side Affects: Constipation, low blood pressure, loss of concentration leading to a coma

Examples: Nandrolone & Danazol.

Side Affects: Shrink 🤬 in men, cause high blood pressure and damage liver, kidney and heart. Women may develop more body hair, smaller breasts and a deeper voice.

Examples: EPO (Erythropoietin)

Side Affects: Causes thickening of the blood which requires the heart to pump harder and can lead to an increased rise of stroke or heart attack.

Examples: Frusemide

Side Affects: Severe dehydration, low blood pressure and muscle cramps. 

Examples: Propranolol

Side Affects: Nausea, poor circulation leading to heart problems, tiredness and weakness. 

Sports performers may only take beta blockers if they have been prescribed by a medical professional

1.Remove two pints of blood from an athlete, weeks before competition & frozen

2.Blood is replaced by the body

3.Blood is thawed and injected back into the athlete

Side Affects: Increased thickening of blood (viscosity), Potential heart attacks, risk of blood-borne diseases such as HIV & Hepatitis, Embolism (blockage of a blood vessel)