1) the link

https://www.ted.com/talks/kathleen_mcauliffe_do_gut_microbes_control_your_personality

(2) expectations

I expect to hear about the importance of healthy gut microbiome and nutrition tips. Some scientists and experts usually say that the gut is our “second brain”. In my books, it can influence our mood pretty easily and it’s important to keep your gut healthy.

(3) vocabulary

eager = dychtivý, horlivý

compound = sloučenina, směs

hordes = hordy, velká množství

facilitate = umožnit

the vagus nerve = bloudivý nerv

entail = znamenat

breach = nabourat

rodent = hlodavec

unravel = rozluštit

gait = chůze

(4) summary and recommendation

“Our gut bacteria can talk to our brain, because we (cells and microbes) speak all the same language.'' That's what she said. The video wasn’t really about what I expected, but it included interesting information. Our acts and behavior is mostly controlled from our gut. For example, if we are depressed, our gut bacteria is also depressed. So keep your gut healthy!

I would recommend it to everyone, because we all have bacteria in our bodies and it’s important to care about it. From this video you can get information that will make you wonder about yourself. 

I think we might hear some kind of presentation about unknown facts about wolves. We all know they are really social animals, so this video may teach us more about their lives in packs.

to persecute - to chase

misconceptions - a wrong idea about something

to misbehave - to behave in a way that we don’t like

pack - a group of predators

courage - bravery

endangered - be in danger

to thrive - to prosper

moving moment - a moment when we realize something important

to foster - to support

offspring - descendant

In the end we listen to a biologist Regina Mossotti who takes care of wolves' puppies and tries to return them to the wild. She talks about a really negative affect our culture has on us when it comes to wildlife and wolves especially. The whole point of her talk was to present us the reality of wolves’ behavior and show us we have nothing to be scared of. We should be part of the exact opposite and care for the population of wolves and let them be who and where they are, in the end they are much more similar to humans than we ever thought.

https://www.ted.com/talks/melissa_j_moore_how_mrna_medicine_will_change_the_world

I expect the video to be educational. I want to learn more about the structure and mRNA itself. Also I hope it will be fun.

1. heralding (ohlášení, ohlašovat)- be a sign that (something) is about to happen

2. intractable (neústupný) 

3. myriad- obrovské množství

4. monolithic- monolitické (vytvořený z jednoho kusu, pevně spojený)

5. ferrying- převoz něčeho

6. unravel- rozplést se

7. cones- čípek (oko)

8. rods- tyčinka (oko)

9. toll- poplatek (toll on their parents- poplatek u rodičů, toho postiženého dítěte)

10. hypoglycemia- low blood sugar, hypoglykemie

Well she talked about how important proteins are and how they work. She beautifully explained how bodies are built, showed the enormous number of proteins in our body and she gave special attention to mRNA and vaccination itself. It was educational as I expected and it was explained in a way that doesn’t make you bored. So you are learning and you are actually enjoying it, which is rare. I also liked her comparisons. 

All in all, I really enjoyed it and I definitely recommend it.  It is the best way to learn more about our body.

1. expectations

I expect that the Ted talk is going to talk about the obvious advantages of AI such as: help in programming, no more need to hire filler actors to play the role of an extra in films etc.

I hope that the TED talk will also talk about the obvious societal disadvantages and risks that AI comes with such as: People losing their jobs and money, more opportunities for the rich to exploit the poor (The corporate giants and the rich don’t need them anymore)

2. Vocabulary

exponential growth: exponenciální růst

convergence: konvergence (spojení více věcí do jedné)

essentially: v podstatě

revenue: příjmy

range: rozmezí

deflation: deflace (finanční pojem)

deinflationary: proti inflaci

disruptive: rušivý

transformative: transformační

equity: spravedlnost

3. Summary

In this TED talk, Cathie Wood is basically trying to convince us, that the convergence of 5 sectors which are currently undergoing huge technological advancements (Public blockchains, Multiomic sequencing, Artificial intelligence, Energy storage and Robotics) is going to positively improve gdp (gross domestic product). She is saying that the usher of these new revolutionary technologies are good for both the big companies and people, and that it's going to cause deflation, higher wages and lower prices.

4. Opinion

I don’t agree with the part that it’s only going to be better for the populace economy wise, because, as i’ve already said in my expectations, the rise of AI means people are going to lose their jobs: Taxi drivers will be chased out by autonomous vehicles, supermarket employees will be replaced with robots scanning the shelves, and customer service will be replaced by an algorithm. I don't recommend seeing this TED talk

1) stock = zásoba (when you buy more of something so you can keep it for a longer time)

2) long-term = dlouhodobý (for a longer period of time)

3) possessions = majetek (something that you have/own/control)

4) the amount of money = množství peněz (how much money you have)

5) seek security = heldat bezpečí (when you´re trying to find safeness in your life)

6) invest money = investovat (when you put money into something - property, shares, and expect a profit)

7) deceptive = klamný (when something appears as it's not)

8) income = příjem (money received on regullar basis)

9) to escalate = zvyšují se (when something is rapidly increasing)

10) bolt = šroub (short metal bar)

This TED talk was not what I expected. The man was talking about the fact, that money can buy you happiness only when you buy something better or new - that you are not used to. He explained it to the lottery winner - when you win, you go and buy anything that you weren´t able to buy until now. But after a month or so you get used to those nicer things, nothing really makes you excited anymore. He explained how the amount of money you have can make you happier only for a short period of time. I would recommend it to everyone! It partly explains how our psychology works.

I chose a TED talk about athletes getting better. I expect to hear that thanks to better conditions for athletes (such as equipment, training methods, training grounds, nutrition etc.) their performances rise up. I believe that in the past athletes used to have worse results due to lack of research in the sports field.

1. cinder - ash from burned wood

2. savvy (adj.) - having common sense and good judgment

3. punctuate - occur at intervals

4. shot putter - athlete competing in shot put (koulař)

5. scouring the globe - making a thorough search

6. ludicrous - unreasonable, amusing, out of place

7. a shade - very slightly

8. latitude - coordinate specifying the north-south position

9. tendon - flexible and inelastic tissue attaching a muscle to a bone (šlacha)

10. ligament - connective tissue which holds together a joint (vaz)

As I expected, the athlete’s performances are getting better thanks to the developing conditions. In the past athletes had to deal with worse conditions, such as worse equipment (running tracks from different materials, heavier bicycles or skis…). If given the same equipment as used by athletes in the past, results today wouldn’t be much different. But of course, there is a slight difference in the performances. It is mostly because of different gene pools. Athlete’s bodies today are adapting (basketball players are getting taller, gymnasts shorter). I would recommend this video to everyone interested in this topic. It includes a lot of information and I found it really interesting.

https://www.ted.com/talks/kate_bowler_everything_happens_for_a_reason_and_other_lies_i_ve_loved

2) expectations

I guess I will hear a speech about some clisché mottos that might be a bit overrated or overused in many specters of life time. I’d like to search for other perspectives on how I perceive my past and how to cope with the unclear future.

3) vocabulary

out of the blue

be made of paper walls

irreplaceable

religious formulas

simmer down 

stage four cancer

length of life

belly button

worker bees

4) summary and recommendation 

This TED talk seemed to focus on breaking the stereotypes of phrases and overused beliefs. To my surprise, in the first quarter of the video, the speaker talked only about her career and the past job experiences. I was thinking to switch off the talk and find another one, but the next second my mind had changed. She was talking about her inner experience of having cancer and how she was trying to handle such heartbreaking news. The woman explained that always finding a reason for what’s happening doesn’t necessarily mean to find peace. 

It is rather important to admit that life will break your heart and to fulfill our hearts with love and presence. Because the opposites (love and sorrow) can exist together and be equal life partners. 

I recommend this TED talk for those who interest themselves in finding their sense of peaceful living.

https://www.ted.com/talks/paul_hudson_and_lindsay_levin_leadership_in_the_age_of_ai

(2) expectations

I expect that it will be about leading the world. They will probably discuss leadership in different countries and advantages and disadvantages of AI. The whole talk will be about the future.

(3) vocabulary

1. Nudge - prod (someone) gently with one's elbow in order to attract attention.

2. Cyber - relating to or characteristic of the culture of computers, information technology, and virtual reality.

3. Polish - make the surface of (something) smooth and shiny by rubbing it.

4. Launch - start or set in motion

5. Purpose-driven - Purpose-driven leaders are those who are driven by a sense of purpose and who align their personal and organizational goals with a higher purpose

6. Vested - confer or bestow (power, authority, property, etc.) on someone.

7. Non-negotiable - Something that is non-negotiable cannot be changed by discussion

8. Insight - an accurate and deep understanding

9. AI - artificial intelligence 

10. CEO -  chief executive officer (CEO) is the highest officer charged with the management of an organization.

(4) summary and recommendation

It was an interview with the CEO of a pharmaceutical company. They use AI everyday. He personally is a big fan of AI and he has a mindset that we must not be afraid of AI. It may lead to productivity gains and efficiency. In the second half they were talking about global pollution and how to improve healthcare to pollute less. The goal of their company is to create a place where people can be the best version of themselves.

He was also describing that leading is more and more complicated, but he believes that with AI he has a chance to achieve previously unimaginable things.

It was my first time watching TED Talk and I enjoyed it. There were a great selection of videos that were relevant to the presence. Therefore, I highly recommend it.

1. overextended - přetížený

2. tendons - šlachy

3. uncertainty - nejistota

4. our lives are contracting - naše životy se smršťují

5. within us - v nás, uvnitř nás

6. life throws you the dreaded curveball - something such as a question or event that is surprising or unexpected, and therefore difficult to deal with

7. capabilities - způsobilosti

8. emerging - nově vznikající

9. pursuit - honba za něčím, usilování

10. anchored - ukotvený

In the beginning, Maya Shankar, who leads the TED talk, is sharing her story about the first big change in her life. It was about her violin career that ended with permanently damaged tendons in her hand. She says that unexpected changes happen to all of us. And why are changes so scary? They are filled with uncertainty and we hate uncertainty - that agrees with my expectations. We think about change as something limiting for us. But Maya says: When an unexpected change happens to us, it can also inspire lasting change within us. That means that change can actually expend us. Then she shares 3 questions to ask yourself when life brings us a change:

How might this change change what you are capable of?

How might this change change what you value?

How might this change change how you define yourself?

We should define ourselves not by what we do but why we do it.

I would recommend this TED talk to everyone, because we all have to deal with changes during our lives.

2. Expectations:

• I think the video will be about reaching the end of possibility to explore the universe.

• I expect it will be understandable for normal people with no major interest in physics.

• I hope it will be at least a little funny. 

3. Vocabulary

• at the heart of this problem is

• therefore

• grand scale

• unlikely

• unquestionably

• face questions

• repulsive force

• disprove

• withstand

• get your head around

4. Summary and recommendation

• The video was from a conference in Geneva and the speaker was physicist Harry Cliff. He talked about the development of theories about the universe. Starting with Einstein’s Theory of relativity and ending with nowadays most recognized String theory. He also mentioned the impossibility of accurately investigating these theories due to insufficient methods, human limitation and a lot of unknown things.

• I think not many people are interested in this problem and won’t want to watch it. But the video isn’t as bad as its title implies. There were even a few moments that were funny and the subject was given quite understandable.

I expect to hear about the way gender roles and stereotypes are portrayed in movies. I think this TED talk will touch on toxic masculinity and the problems it causes. From the thumbnail, I hypothesize that most of the examples will come from Disney movies.

1. to overthrow = to put an end to something by force

2. phenomenal = extraordinary, exceptional

3. patriarchy = a social system where men hold the power and women are mostly excluded from it

4. the bechdel test = a set of criteria used to evaluate the portrayal of the female characters in a work of fiction 

5. to catch fire = become interesting or exciting

6. consensus = general agreement

7. embassy = a body of diplomatic representatives

8. protagonist = the leading character in a literary work

9. adequate = sufficient, good enough

10.  assailant = attacker

The speaker was a father who spoke about the differences between male and female protagonists in movies, more specifically in The Wizard of Oz and Star Wars. He brought up the fact that Dorothy saved the day by making friends with everybody, while Luke Skywalker had to resort to violence. He went on to describe how most main characters in modern childrens’ movies are boys and when they are girls, they’re usually forced to behave in a masculine way. He mentioned the Bechdel test and how young boys should be shown more movies that meet its criteria. He followed this up with the statistic that one in five women in America have been sexually assaulted at some point in their life. He proposes that this is because the vast majority of male protagonists defeat the villain with violence and “get the girl” (that coincidentally doesn’t have any other interests besides the protagonist) as a reward. He finishes the talk by saying that dads should show their sons that a real man is someone who respects women and wants to be on their team and stands up against the real bad guys, who are the men who want to abuse the women.

I found this TED talk really insightful and would definitely recommend it. Even though it might not be everybody’s cup of tea, I still think everybody can take away a valuable lesson from it.