Hana Lutfi Ainiah/ 15

Rangga Putra Rachmat Sah/31

1. Originally built as a church

2. Have been burned several times due to conflict

3. Converted into a mosque during the Ottoman Dynasty

4. It underwent several renovations when it was used as a mosque

5. Once functioned as a museum

6. Designated as a world heritage site

7. President Erdogan Returns Hagia

History of Hagia Sophia

The Grand Wisdom 

The magnificent Hagia Sophia was built at the behest of the Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian in 537 BC and was then known as the Church of Holy Wisdom. Hagia Sophia is a remarkable testament to the ingenuity of Eastern Roman architects, built to a unique design for the time. A new chapter in its history began when Mehmed II had it converted into a mosque and painted over the golden mosaics and frescoes with Islamic motifs and patterns. Some of them have since been uncovered again and have survived for centuries under layers of plaster. The emperor also added massive panes of beautifully crafted calligraphy. 

At the turn of the 20th Century, Hagia Sophia was converted into a museum at the behest of Ataturk in 1935 and remained so for many years. Hagia Sophia's status as a place of worship returned in 2020.

Hagia Sophia is a veritable smorgasbord of curved domes, a wonder of infused natural light that cascades across the restored golden mosaics and incongruous minarets added over its long life. The sublime interior is a series of domes and vaults, centred on the shell-like apse and massive dome that seems to float freely, giving this architectural gem its amazing sense of space.

As one of İstanbul’s most famous and iconic landmarks, Hagia Sophia is an ode to the Eastern Roman and Ottoman taste for art and architecture.

Architecture of Hagia Shopia:

The architecture of Hagia Sophia is amazing because this place is a historical place and was once a symbol of Christian power, under the control of the Ottomans it became a symbol of conquest.

This building, which has been standing in the heart of Istanbul, has great architecture. Built at the will of Constantine I. as a Christian basilica, Hagia Sophia has a central dome; it has semi-domes on the east and west. Columns separate three aisles with galleries above and large marble piers rising at either end to support the dome. The columns are made of the finest marble, chosen for color and variety, while the lower parts of the walls are also covered with marble slabs. The curtain walls (non-load-bearing outer walls) above the galleries and the base of the dome are pierced by windows, which obscure the supports in sunlight and give the impression of a canopy floating in the air. In this view of the interior of Hagia Sophia, mosaics showing early Byzantine traditions in their colors and techniques appear.

amazing place, apart from the

beauty of its architecture. Hagia Sophia is located in Istanbul, Republic of Türkiye.

2. Simple present tense

3. Adjective

4. Action verb

The general structure of descriptive text consists of:

● Identification: Introduction to the object to be described.

● Description: A detailed description or description of the object's attributes or characteristics.

● Conclusion: Conclusion or overall impression about the object being described.

The characteristics of descriptive text include:

Use descriptive and detailed language.

Uses complex sentences and a variety of sentence structures.

Use adjectives and adverbs to provide a clear picture.

Use description techniques that attract the reader's attention.

Difficult words in video

1. Skyfall : langit runtuh

2. Inferno : neraka

3. Immense spiritual : spiritual yang luar biasa

4. Witnessed : disaksikan

5. Demolished : dihancurkan

6. Runic : rahasia

7. Mercenary : tentara bayaran

8. Reverberation : gaung

9. Countless : tak terhitung

The architecture of Hagia Sophia is amazing because this place is a historical place and was once a symbol of Christian power, under the control of the Ottomans it became a symbol of conquest.

This building, which has been standing in the heart of Istanbul, has great architecture. Built at the will of Constantine I. as a Christian basilica, Hagia Sophia has a central dome; it has semi-domes on the east and west. Built at the will of Constantine I. as a Christian basilica, Hagia Sophia has a central dome; it has semi-domes on the east and west. Columns separate three aisles with galleries above and large marble piers rising at either end to support the dome. The columns are made of the finest marble, chosen for color and variety, while the lower parts of the walls are also covered with marble slabs. The curtain walls (non-load-bearing outer walls) above the galleries and the base of the dome are pierced by windows, which obscure the supports in sunlight and give the impression of a canopy floating in the air. In this view of the interior of Hagia Sophia, mosaics showing early Byzantine traditions in their colors and techniques appear.

The Hagia Sophia in Istanbul is an architectural marvel known for its vast, domed interior that seems to float above its central nave. Its walls are adorned with a blend of Byzantine mosaics and Islamic calligraphy, reflecting its rich history as a cathedral, mosque, and museum. The interplay of natural light through the dome's numerous windows creates an ethereal atmosphere, enhancing the building's grandeur and historical significance.

The Hagia Sophia has served various social functions over time. Originally a cathedral, it was the center of Christian worship in Byzantium. After the Ottoman conquest, it became a mosque, symbolizing Islamic power and culture. In the 20th century, it was secularized as a museum, representing cultural and historical unity. Today, it functions as a mosque once again, while also drawing global visitors and reflecting a rich, multifaceted heritage.