Media and the War on Terror by

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 02:23:44 UTC

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 02:24:07 UTC

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 02:24:27 UTC

Framing the War on Terror- How it began

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 02:42:00 UTC

"All Sides Can Have Propaganda"

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 02:45:27 UTC

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 02:45:52 UTC

Terrorists "utilizing" media

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 02:46:35 UTC

"The most obvious and mainstream argument is that in this era of worldwide media proliferation, the "terrorists" utilize propaganda to its fullest and in order for the civilized world to emerge victorious, we must in turn harness the power of media for all its worth" hilo.hawaii.edu

Journalism is Censored

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 02:51:16 UTC

Throughout the Persian Gulf War of 1991, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein permitted only one foreign journalist to remain in Baghdad—CNN's veteran war correspondent Peter Arnett. Arnett had to obey Iraqi press-censorship rules. "From the beginning," Arnett later revealed, "I accepted the constraints that the Iraqis laid down. They said, 'Anything you do, you put on paper. We go over it, and we alter it. We change it if we wish to, and that's what you're going to use.'"

Media Being Absorbed

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 02:54:11 UTC

"Consider how the War on Terror became a socially shared organizing principle through its transmission via the US press. Captivated by a powerful master narrative after 9/11 and in the run-up to the Iraq war, American journalists found it difficult to resist being drawn into the national anxiety and general pro-Bush patriotic fervor... We are concerned here with precisely how the War on Terror has been absorbed into media (and therefore public) discourse and grown beyond its original policy usage to take on a life of its own. Arguing that the news media have been active participants in propagating the framing, we examine reporting of the War on Terror from its launching after 9/11..."

Journalist Peter Arnett interviewing Osama Bin Laden

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 03:00:42 UTC

Anything for a good story?

White House after 9/11

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 03:10:41 UTC

"The press is asking a lot of questions that I suspect the American people would prefer not to be asked, or answered. Is the White House staff going to keep secret sensitive or classified information? I certainly hope so."

Censoring after 9/11

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 03:16:45 UTC

"If the United States is embarking on the first war of the 21st century, and one that the president has said may be "secret even in success," then the damming up of information out of Washington is part of the strategy. Although the administration says it is not engaged in censorship, officials throughout the government readily say they have been ordered to be circumspect about their remarks. The caution extends even to the sanitizing of government Web sites as agencies remove information — including large-scale digital maps and a report on the poor security at some chemical plants — for fear that it could be used for terrorist attacks.

http://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/07/national/07PRES.html?pagewanted=1

Reporting after 9/11

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 03:22:22 UTC

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 03:31:05 UTC

War in Iraq: Media Coverage- Western vs. Arabic

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 03:41:57 UTC

The divide between Western and Arabic media in the coverage of Iraq unfolded along the same lines of the divide over Afghanistan, only more obviously because no one in the Arab world believed there were any grounds for the US to attack Iraq. Those Arabs who supported the invasion of Iraq did so because they were happy the Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein was going to be toppled.

Coverage of 9/11- Western vs. Arabic

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 03:44:03 UTC

The coverage of 9/11 was quite homogeneous in all media worldwide: outrage and expressions of dismay and horror; and this is true for Arab and Western media alike. What was slightly different in Arabic speaking media is the small room it gave for different perspectives; perspectives that would have been considered inappropriate by Western media

Patriatism?

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 03:52:08 UTC

One network executive told the New York Times that the action, the first time in the history of the television medium that all the networks agreed to a common limit on news coverage, was a “patriotic” decision. A CNN official said the all-news network would “consider guidance from appropriate authorities” in deciding what news to broadcast about the war.

Arab Stereotypes From Media and Propaganda

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 03:57:33 UTC

Government at every level has stimulated the paranoia. Consider, for example, the electronic billboards over interstate highways urging motorists to "Report Suspicious Activity" (drivers in turbans?). Some mass media have made their own contribution. The cable channels and some print media have found that horror scenarios attract audiences, while terror "experts" as "consultants" provide authenticity for the apocalyptic visions fed to the American public.

Arab facial stereotypes, particularly in newspaper cartoons, have at times been rendered in a manner sadly reminiscent of the Nazi anti-Semitic campaigns.

ESRB Video Game Ratings by Year, 2003-2007

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 04:04:43 UTC

Cause of violent nature may be parallel with media violence or video games

Media Manipulates Facts

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 04:23:09 UTC

"While it has been stressed that terrorists, Islam, and the Middle East are not closely related terms, the media has continued to misrepresent each one. The most blatant anti-Middle East imagery was utilized on the day of the terrorist acts when images of cheering Afghanis were flashed on the screen in between images of the collapsing world trade towers. Such images have been toned down over time, but broadcast journalism still creates and perpetuates stereotypical images the Islamic religion. It has failed miserably to represent the diversity among those who practice it, glossing over the fact that of the 1.2 billion Muslims in the world, only 20% live in Arab-speaking countries, while the largest population resides in Indonesia."

Terrorists Using the Media to Their Advantage

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 04:25:54 UTC

...the perpetrators’ media-related goals are the same: attention, recognition, and perhaps even a degree of respectability and legitimacy in their various publics. Media, in return, receives the attention of the public that is vital for its existence and benefits from record sales and huge audiences.., It is, therefore, fair to argue that there is a mutually beneficial relationship between terrorism and today’s media.

Accordingly, winning the attention of the media, national and foreign publics, and decision-makers in a government is one of the primary goals of terrorists.

The problem does not lie in why the media covers terrorism, but lies in how the media covers terrorism. It is by and large the case that the media covers terrorist acts by writing sensation-seeking, enlarging anecdotic stories, especially on who is to blame, repeating the same images over and over again, separating physical and mental health consequences of disasters, and creating new syndromes (Vasterman, Yzermans, and Dirkzwager 2005). In addition, the media traumatizes the audience by exaggerating the threats, or, as it was in the case in the US after 9/11, showing nonstop footage of combat scenes (Long 2002).

Terrorists "Feed" Off the Media

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 04:31:38 UTC

This is the case with terrorism; in order to spread fear and thus advance its political goals, a terrorist organization needs the media. In most cases, terrorist attacks are very localized, and affect only a few people. The goal, however, is to spread the message to more people than just those who were directly hit in the attack. The media play an important role in achieving this by spreading the news of the attacks or even by directly transferring the message of terrorist organizations.

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 04:36:30 UTC

Claim

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 19:13:32 UTC

Articles suggest that the government was scared after 9/11 and decided to keep many things quiet, and tried to censor the media and the news. They tried to control what images american citizens saw, but the same images kept popping up everywhere. They thought terrorists could use what the media put out.

Claim

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 19:17:02 UTC

Evidence suggests the War on Terror is just an image that was put out there by president Bush, and picked up by journalists and media sources. Some sources say it was absorbed by news reporters, and made it into something much bigger.

Claim

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 19:19:13 UTC

There is evidence for the media helping propagate the framing of the middle eastern "terrorist" image. When 9/11 hit, eyes turned to the middle east and the Arab population. Now, with the help of the media, Arab men and women are stereotyped into being "terrorists". Take airport security for example, many people are "flagged" by security and made to have a more thorough search in case they are related to terrorism.

Claim

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 19:22:22 UTC

There is evidence suggesting that terrorists use the media to their advantage, and feed off of the images thrown around after an attack, for example. This is how they get their point out after an event (9/11 for example), by scaring citizens.

"There is a mutually beneficial relationship b/w terrorism and the media" (See "Terrorists Using the Media To Their Advantage slide)... Because the media gets many views when a catastrophic event occurs, AND the terrorist's actions are known and feared.

Terrorists using media

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 19:52:53 UTC

Just an Image

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 19:53:54 UTC

Censorship

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 19:55:08 UTC

Arab Stereotyping

mariaofrauenie — 2014-02-26 19:57:50 UTC