University of Michigan evolutionary biologist Mitchell Newberry has found that the more popular a name becomes, the less likely future parents are to follow suit. This fact is supported by an understanding of ecological and evolutionary change because the names and dog breed preferences themselves are like genes or organisms competing for scarce resources. In this case, the scarce resources are the minds of parents and dog owners. If people tend to copy the most common variant or name that is references in some popular movie, then everyone ends up doing roughly the same thing. However, if people become less willing to copy a variant as it becomes more popular, it leads to a greater diversity of variants. This same data also supports trends of dog breed preferences. Studies demonstrated that rare dog breeds at 1 in 10,000 tend to increase in popularity faster than dogs already at 1 in 10. Overall, evolutionary psychology plays a greater role in the naming of babies and choosing of dog breeds than one might think.

This article relates to the unit of scientific foundations because it examines the evolutionary school of thought and implements terms consistent with the school such as frequency-dependent selection, which is a type of natural selection, as well as genetic diversity, immune escape, host-pathogen dynamics. Furthermore, the article also addresses how conformity or nonconformity play a role in evolution. For example, anti conformity is necessary because if we all had the same immune system, we would all be susceptible to exactly the same diseases.

https://neurosciencenews.com/baby-naming-evolution-20699/ 

Researchers at the Department of Neurology of the University of Bern and University Hospital Bern identified how the brain triages emotions during dream sleep to consolidate the storage of positive emotions while dampening the consolidation of negative ones. Researchers first used mice to study neuron activity following presentations of the emotions of either safety or danger. What they found was that the brain favors the discrimination of safety versus danger in the dendrites, but blocks the over-reaction to emotion, in particular danger. Researchers are using these findings to develop a better understanding of the processing of emotions during sleep in humans and open new perspectives for therapeutic targets to treat maladaptive processing of traumatic memories, such as post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and their early sleep-dependent consolidation. 

This article relates to the biological bases of behavior unit of psychology because it explains important facts about sleep and references terminology such as REM sleep, prefrontal cortex, cell body, axons, and dendrites. It also references various mental disorders such as anxiety or PTSD and how they can effect sleep.

https://neurosciencenews.com/sleep-emotion-processing-
20578/ 

New research has found that keeping sensation alive in the face of stress is critical for well-being, particularly for those who have recovered from depression. Findings also demonstrated that there was a link between past depression and a greater tendency to shut down sensory processing when faced with an emotional stressor. Furthermore, blocking out sensation is related to a greater risk of depressive relapse. This is due to the fact that when our brains shut out sensory information during a negative mood, we are left with only our thoughts to make sense of what is happening and these thoughts often fail to provide a wider view of what is going on. As a result, this blocking out bodily sensations locks people into an “echo chamber” of their negative views. Overall, if a person suppresses their bodily sensations, their thoughts will compound into more and more depressive reactions.

This article relates to the unit of sensation and perception because it references bodily sensations and how they play a role in depression. 

https://neurosciencenews.com/sensation-depression-20431/

The article addresses the role of classical conditioning in business and how brands use it to influence consumer behavior. This connection is especially prevalent in non profits such as the Humane Society, which uses images of animals in its advertisements, along with something about how the audience can improve the animal's life. By repeatedly appealing to certain values in their specific audience, they further reinforce the connection. There are many ways brands can focus on classical conditioning in order to improve their brand, such as by pairing your brand with something that produces a reward, such as a free product or coupon. This will cause the consumer to learn to associate your brand with a good deal. Marketing ads that elicit feelings of happiness or joy, such as Christmas themes ads, can also be effective in causing consumers to create positive associations. Classical conditioning combines the studies of marketing and psychology to help brands.

This article relates to the unit of learning because of its explanation of the origins of classical conditioning and reference of figures such as Ivan Pavlov. It explains the process of eliciting a response in classical conditioning by using value-adding promotions or desire-quenching images.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescoachescouncil/2020/02/19/the-psychological-concept-that-can-make-you-a-more-effective-marketer/?sh=55b3190321a4

The article studies how the behaviors of individuals with ASPD or psychopathy often get worse as they age. Although many believe that offenders burn out and change their antisocial ways over time, new studies shows that those with psychopathic traits remain the same past age 50, and can even become worse as they get older with respect to manipulation, deceit, and abuse. The article also references personal accounts of various victims of individuals with ASPD or psychopathy such as one woman who wrote about her ex-husband that “The older he got, the more abusive he became. He lied, cheated, used, and stole. As he aged, he seemed to care less about hiding his behavior, and he seemed to openly enjoy being cruel.”Overall, experts have concluded that people with antisocial personality disorder or psychopathy never stop their manipulative and deceptive behavior.

This article relates to the unit of clinical psychology because it references psychological disorders such as anti social personality disorder and the way it represents itself in individuals. It also provides detailed accounts of the tactics these individuals can use to manipulate others as a result of their disorder. 

https://neurosciencenews.com/psychopaths-behavior-aging-20599/

In a new study, scientists have reported that some of the same brain systems known to play a role in learning from trial and error also are engaged when people conform to social norms. Researchers concluded in a study that behavior is shaped indirectly by observing the actions of our peers, which oftentimes trigger drives to conform and imitate their behavior. Furthermore, electroencephalograms studying electoral activity demonstrated that the drive to conform was linked to the same EEG patterns as changing one’s behavior following acceptances or rejections in the study.
Overall, scientists have learned that the same brain system guides both pathways to behavior change which indicates that people learn from social information similarly to how they learn on their own from trial and error.

This article relates to the social psychology unit because it includes studies of how the brain navigates social situations and references concepts of conformity, attitude formation, and persuasion.

https://neurosciencenews.com/social-conformity-learning-19827/