Health Policy by

Introduction

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The ability of public health and health care institutions, communities, and individuals to prevent, defend against, quickly react to, and recover from health emergencies, particularly ones whose scale, timeliness, or unexpected (Nelson et al., 2007).

Textbook definition:

The ability to prevent, prepare for, protect against, respond to, and recover from health emergencies (Teitelbaum et al., 2007).

Importance of Public Health Emergency Preparedness

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A public health emergency can happen at any time, and being prepared can save lives. Healthy People 2030 focuses on making sure individuals, communities, and organizations are prepared for disasters, disease outbreaks, and medical emergencies (Healthy People 2030) .

who's involve ?

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Responsibility for the preparedness of the nation’s communities lies not only with governmental agencies but also with active, engaged, and mobilized community residents, businesses, and nongovernmental organizations.

Examples of Public Health Emergencies

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Natural disasters- Hurricanes, Earthquakes, Floods, and wildfires.

Terrorist attacks- September 11, 2001 or (9/11),

Large-scale infectious disease outbreaks-pandemics (COVID-19)

Biological threats-Pathogens that can kill animals, plants and humans.

Preparedness Strategies

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1.Health risk assessment- Identify the hazards and risk factors. (e.g.,community health assessment).

2.Roles and responsibilities-Assign and evaluate roles across all sectors.

3.Incident Command System-Use an integrated Incident Command System (ICS) to Develop, test, and improve decision-making and response capabilities at all response levels.

4.Public engagement-Educate, engage, and mobilize the public to participate fully and actively in public health emergency preparedness.

5.Public information and communication-Develop, practice, and improve the capability to quickly communicate accurate and credible information to the public in a respectful appropriate manner.

Background

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In 1999, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched the Public Health Preparedness and Response for Bioterrorism Program.
In the past, public health received minimal support, and the urgency of preparing was limited .
After The World Trade Center attacks on September 11, 2001 (9/11), Congress approved $1 billion for public health to improve the country's ability to respond to a bioterrorism attack(Teitelbaum et al., 2007).

References

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Nelson, C., Lurie, N., Wasserman, J., & Zakowski, S. (2007). Conceptualizing and defining public health emergency preparedness. American Journal of Public Health, 97(Supplement_1), S9–S11. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2007.114496

Emergency Preparedness - Healthy People 2030 | odphp.health.gov. (n.d.). https://odphp.health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/emergency-preparedness

Teitelbaum, J. B., & Wilensky, S. E. (2007). Essentials of health policy and law (Essential public health). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.

Implementing Public Health Response Readiness framework. (2024, April 23). State and Local Readiness. https://www.cdc.gov/readiness/php/next-gen-phep/index.html

Current and Potential Plans.

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The CDC's Public Health Response Readiness Framework focuses on 10 key domain that are critical to our ability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from health emergencies.