This module we have started on (22/8/2022) with Mr. Miran at 9.30 am.

Today the higher education in Iraqi Kurdistan Region (KRG) is undergoing a qualitatively new development stage which implies changes in priorities of higher education and the ideas of professional training of competent and competitive specialist ready for constant professional growth and professional self-realization. New standards of professional education define the increase of training quality of future specialists. Professional education aimed to development of social and personal, general scientific and broad professional competences in chosen professional sector allows to carry out design, research, production and administration activities in nearest future. Implementation of new generation of educational standard of the (KRG) in pedagogical education implies systematic transformation and upgrading of objectives, contents and methods of education and assessment procedures. Development of new control materials which allow to measure and evaluate the level of formation of common cultural and professional competences of graduates is actual. At the foreground is the evaluation of achievements of educational results which include knowledge, skills, experience in practices, common cultural and professional competences, which are implemented in appropriate professional activities (training, research, educational and designing, organizational and technological, etc.).

Traditional teaching methods which are also known as conventional teaching methods are still used in schools at a wider scale. In the traditional teaching methods, teachers ask students to recite and memorize the content of study and what they teach in the classroom and also students one by one recite the lesson when their turn comes. Except for those who are reciting, other students listen and wait for their turn.

Innovative Teaching Method                                          

Innovative teaching is the process of proactively introducing new teaching strategies and methods into the classroom. The purpose of introducing these new teaching strategies and methods is to improve academic outcomes and address real problems to promote equitable learning.

New approaches to teaching are supposed to change the specifics of students’ involvement in the learning process from passive to active type. Surprisingly, this difference is not the only one. For example, before, lectures were formalized – professors used to deliver a lecture and students used to write down the most important things from what they’ve heart. Recently some innovations came through, lectures became more interactive, so that students and professors organized their work via cooperation in the learning process.

Educational Video Influences Better Memorizing. Educational video stimulates students to pay more attention during classes and enhance their learning abilities. Besides that, some lectures in Universities and Colleges contain learning games (not only computer games) which are much more interesting than listening to the professor. This style of learning successfully enhances students’ motivation due to the strong connection between visual contact and better memorizing. Furthermore, watching videos helps students to create associations that help them remember learning material.

Social Media Simplify Cooperation with Educators. With appearance of the Internet and media age, most schools, colleges, and universities started to renew teaching methods. Social media allow students, parents, and teachers keep in touch and inform each other about assignments or events. Using such technologies, students can do more exercises for self-learning and save their time;

Computer-Assisted Instruction Makes Individual Study Possible. This technology allows teachers to help individual students who have some difficulties during their study. This can be a great extension for the traditional schoolhouse. Using computer-assisted instruction helps improve students’ skills and solve study-related problems in a group. This is a convenient tool for individual study. Besides that, computer-assisted instruction includes some programs for writing and studying certain subjects.

Pedagogy: generally understood as the approach to teaching, is the theory and practice of learning, and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political and psychological development of learners. Pedagogy, taken as an academic discipline, is the study of how knowledge and skills are imparted in an educational context, and it considers the interactions that take place during learning. Both the theory and practice of pedagogy vary greatly, as they reflect different social, political, and cultural contexts. Key element of effective pedagogy are (combination we must use different approach so we can fill individual student need , content which content we can use also be the best for activity student  , context  what is matter  effected on the class, we must do the student joint the class and change embedding innovative pedagogy )

ü  Teaching methods: we have got good information about Varied teaching or facilitation techniques and applications that are aligned with student-centered approach used to help students achieve learning outcomes ,while activities are the different ways of implementing these method help the coarse student master content of the coarse learn how to apply the content in particular contexts.to allow teacher students become familiar with the key pedagogical tools to meet the individual needs and of their learners. 

ü

ü  Creating learning environments: we have got information about using both physical and virtual platforms, especially the use of digital tools for creating online learning environments

 

ü  Assessment tools: we have learned about how do you assess learning outcome various innovative assessment tools within which the focus mainly goes to formative assessment with an intention to reduce the reliance on summative assessment

In the class we discussed about (Hologram lecture use video conferencing software, Facial recognition to monitor student attention in class I think so good way For monitoring kids in nursery, kindergarten and primary school. Virtual reality as a tool for research and training recently an increasingly popular tool for research and training across many fields – military operations, engineering, medicine and social psychology .

We have got information about how use suitable methods of teaching to apply theories in the laboratory, fieldwork and connect them to their real-life situations. Also recognize learners’ need for and ability to engage in life learning, and designing the use of different pedagogical methods to respond to the individual needs of the students. because we have different kind of learner it need we use many technique and method for answer the learner.

We discussed about fish bowl learning on 24-8 -2022 with Mr.Miran

 We have got information which Fishbowl is an engaging and student-centered strategy that builds comprehension of complex texts while developing group discussion skills. Mr. miran was separated us into two group ,an inner and outer circle. In the inner circle or fishbowl, students have a discussion; students in the outer circle listen to the discussion and take notes.. the role of teacher manage of the class.

The Fishbowl method allows you to explicitly teach a variety of social skills. It is one way to shine a light on the specific social skills that can either move a discussion forward or shut it down. The Fishbowl offers the class an opportunity to closely observe and learn about social interactions.

ü  Explore different perspectives.

ü  Assume more ownership of learning.

ü  Explore topics deeper.

ü  Actively engage.

ü  Develop comfort with ambiguity and complexity.

Advantages and disadvantages of the fishbowl method:

ü  Also animates silent participants.

ü  Hierarchies insignificant.

ü  Everyone can express their opinion.

ü  Intensive discussion and identification.

ü  Exit possible at any time.

ü  Little preparation time in terms of content.

 Finally we discussed about Authentic learning real life learning. It is a style of learning that encourages students to create a tangible, useful, quality product/outcome to be shared with their world, In education, authentic learning is an instructional approach that allows students to explore, discuss, and meaningfully construct concepts and relationships in contexts that involve real-world problems and projects that are relevant to the learner.

We discussed in a class about 21^st century skills include (Learning Skills (4Cs) is the good point for student learning approuch, Critical Thinking (Finding solutions to problems), Creativity (Thinking outside the box) ,Collaboration (Working with others), Communication (Conveying ideas)  , Literacy Skills(IMT) and Life Skills (FLIPS). 

There are many new teaching methods to help teacher deliver their messages. And help student for learning. The messages can be knowledge skills and professionals in a more creative way. In turn, students will acquire the knowledge and the required skills to be an effective individual in their societies. We discussed about problem based teaching method at the class.

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching method in which complex real-world problems are used as the tool to promote student learning of concepts and principles as opposed to direct presentation of facts and concepts. Except the course content, PBL can promote the development of critical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and communication skills. It can also provide opportunities for working in groups, finding and evaluating research materials, and life-long learning.

problem basic learning can be incorporated into any learning situation. In the strictest definition of PBL, the approach is used over the entire semester as the primary method of teaching. However, broader definitions and uses range from including PBL in lab and design classes, to using it simply to start a single discussion. PBL can also be used to create assessment items. The main thread connecting these various uses is the real-world problem.The problem must motivate students to find out a deeper understanding of concepts.The problem should require students to make reasoned decisions and to defend them.

The problem should incorporate the content objectives in such a way as to connect it to previous courses knowledge. If used for a group project, the problem needs a level of complexity to ensure that the students must work  together to solve it. If used for a multistage project, the initial steps of the problem should be open-ended and engaging to draw students into the problem.

A well-designed PBL project provides students with the opportunity to develop skills related to:

ü  Working in teams.

ü  Managing projects and holding leadership roles.

ü  Oral and written communication.

ü  Self-awareness and evaluation of group processes.

ü  Working independently.

ü  Critical thinking and analysis.

ü  Explaining concepts.

ü  Self-directed learning.

ü  Applying course content to real-world examples.

ü  Researching and information literacy.

ü  Problem solving across disciplines

ü  Problem solving across disciplines

We started new lecture at 9:30am about teaching method presentation on 29-8-2017, each group did presentation and discussed about six method of learning ,the first group started presentation about project basic learning is that Project method is one of the modern method of teaching by which the students point of view is given importance in designing the curricula and content of studies. This method is based on the principle of 'Learning by doing’, by which  learner performs certain tasks and experiences new things, this adds to his knowledge and results in learning. This teaching strategy focus on;

Ø  socializing learners.

Ø  achieving  cognitive, affective and psychomotor objectives

ü  Principle Purposefulness

ü  Principle Freedom

ü  Principle Activity

ü  Principle Learning by doing

ü  Principle Experiment

ü  Principle of reality

ü  Principle of Utility:

ü  Principle of Planning

The main idea of project teaching method is an opportunity for the students to self-study, to show their knowledge, and their scientific practical abilities. It plays a crucial role in forming the competitive person, which answers all requirements of modern society.

ü  A guide, friend and Helps the students in solving their problems. Encourages his students to work collectively, and co-operatively.

ü  Helps his students to avoid mistakes. He makes it a point that each member of the group contributed something to the completion of the project.

ü  Teacher should always remain alert and active during execution step and see that the project goes to completion successfully.

ü  During execution of the project teacher should maintain a democratic atmosphere. 

ü  Teacher must be well – read and well-informed so that he can help the students to the successful completion of the project

 

Field trip method: The purpose of the field trip is usually observation for education, non-experimental research or to provide students with experiences outside their everyday activities, such as going camping with teachers and their classmates. a visit (as to a factory, farm, or museum) made (as by students and a teacher) for purposes of firsthand observation. All the geographical and geological  skills are used in practical during field work. You get to learn and apply the skills of sampling, data collection, data processing, making questionnaires, map making, statistical techniques to derive results, observational skills and skills of interviewing.

 A timeline method  is a graphic representation of information, such as historical events, usually in a linear format. Increasingly, more education professionals swear by the benefits of timelines for teaching.

Photography method: Teaching with objects and photographs creates a direct, sensory connection between learners and their subjects that results in new levels of interest and attention. Teaching with objects also creates students with higher levels of visual literacy. Used appropriately and sequentially, pictures can not only illustrate a topic but also can provide the experience base children require in order to profit from reading and writing and from numerous other learning experiences, including those associated with art programming.

Exchange program method: is a program in which students from an educational institution travel to a foreign country as a student of their institution's partner institution in the host country. Enable students to study abroad at one of their university's partner institutions. For many students, the prospect of studying abroad is both exciting and terrifying. You will, however, be sure to experience a brand new culture, meet new people and grow as a person.

Role-play is a technique that allows students to explore realistic situations by interacting with other people in a managed way in order to develop experience and trial different strategies in a supported environment.

In generally, our Choice of teaching method depends on What kind of the method Fits with our educational philosophy, classroom demographic, subject areas and college mission statement.
Learning environment
We discussed about creating learning environment on 31-8-2022 with Mr.Miran  at class. A learning environment is the educational setting and how it looks and feels and can be positive or negative. Teachers can impact the learning environment in many ways, including the physical, psychological and instructional setting.

We talked about Benjamin Franklin opinion ,which he says(Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn)I  think when teacher give information to student  about the lecture along  time  student forget, but  when student do activity about the subject,  they learn and always their remember. 

We also talked about using a public padlet that is very useful for daily activities. And we can use it as a power point for presentation.in class we use Mentimeter and Kahoot software we can use for making question.

Within learning spaces, you need some areas. Like an area for loud ideas creation and energizing area. and a production area, also a quiet, reflective area to recharge, have some thinking space.

Today’s learners seek a learning environment that is not as obsolete as traditional classrooms but that is specifically engineered to support thinking. learner prefer the learning environment that pushes their learning capacity with altering strategies and teaching practices. They want to be a part of an impactful learning setting that provides a sense of achievement while they can be adaptive and interactive with fellow learners as well as instructors. In brief, they want to be active and engaged players throughout the learning course. Typically, social, physical, psychological or cultural factors involved in a learning environment deeply affect the learners’ learning capabilities. If the learning atmosphere is not conducive to gaining new knowledge or skills, it will be hard for learners to remain engrossed or interested. Communication skills are most vital for interactions with students, because the act of teaching itself requires them. In your role, you are responsible for comprehending and breaking down complex information, conveying this information clearly to your students (both verbally and in written resources), presenting in a manner that sustains their attention, and listening to and resolving their questions or problems.

it need to we will  create learning environment which  teachers and learners will be able to  manage their  classroom settings and  establish cooperative learning and working together, provide the required facilities like internet as well as build trust, confidence and motivation in learners.

I learned that an engaging learning environment is that encourages pupils to connect with the teaching subject. With the correct consideration, foster teamwork and put all focus on learning. The learners ask the questions and wait for answer the question, teacher and learner together use a variety of learning models are used and the class is connected to the community. Assessment is persistent, authentic, and transparent, There are constant opportunities for practice.
In the class we discussed about the first day of class is teacher opportunity to present their vision of the class to prospective students. it need to teacher wear formal clothes, It is helpful tell our students about our self as a scholar and educator and provide insight into how we will teach the class and what we will expect them to contribute to the learning process. Use the  class period discuss our teaching-learning philosophy, demonstrate our mode of teaching, cultivate our students' trust, foster a spirit of free and open inquiry, display our enthusiasm for the subject, and finally, display a sense of humor. Don't run out of time. Provide students with basic information about the course. Consider sharing information about Course learning goals, Course content and readings. Types of assessments and your grading policies. Important dates and deadlines. then tell the student  Why you find your field and the subject of the course fascinating. Ask your students a bit about themselves and asked them about What year are they? In what do they hope to major? What prior knowledge or coursework do they have on the subject of the class? Why are they taking the course? What do they hope to learn in the course? What questions do they have about the course?

 
3)Assessment 
With Dr.karwan and  Mr.Miran at class  we discussed about Assessment  which is the process of evaluating students' abilities and achievements. It is an ongoing continuous and daily activity in every classroom. an integral part of instruction, It is starting with identified learning goal and aim, as it determines whether or not the goals of education are being met. Assessment affects decisions about grades, placement, advancement, instructional needs, curriculum, and, in some cases, funding. we can assess the Information about student learning by through both direct and indirect measures. Direct measures may include homework, quizzes, exams, reports, essays, research projects, case study analysis, and rubrics for oral and other performances. Assessment should integrate grading, learning, and motivation for your students. Well-designed assessment methods provide valuable information about student learning. They tell us what students learned how well they learned it.

The most important purpose of assessment is to improve student learning. Assessment is important tools for designing curriculum and instructional approaches as per need of students.

1.      Oral Interview. You can do a one on one interview with each of your students to get a good idea of their listening and speaking abilities. ...

2.      Class Presentation. ...

3.      Role Play. ...

4.      Cloze Exam. ...

5.      Fill in the Blank. ...

6.      Writing Sample. ...

7.      Portfolio. ...

8.      Online Quiz.

 

We assess student to

ü  Demonstrate learning achievements, we need to know how well students are performing and what they have achieved.

ü   Get and give feedback, In order to know how well they are doing we need to give and engage students with feedback to improve their learning. This can be called: Formative Assessment or Assessment FOR Learning.Assessment also give instructors some feedback on their teaching impact. 

ü  Empower students to self-regulate their learning and critically evaluate their performance'

ü   Achieve certificate by student

 

§  Diagnostic assessment. is the  type of assessment of learning to check a learner’s current knowledge base. Most of the time, it involves a series of questions given at the start of a class or training session to identify a learner’s strengths and weaknesses prior to learning. 

 

§  Formative assessment: is the most powerful type of assessment for improving student understanding and performance. Formative assessment for learning is administered during training or learning session to capture a learner’s progress in real-time. It can take a variety of forms, sometimes even the combination of formal and informal assessment procedures like practice quizzes, point exercises, and even short essays.

§  Summative assessment. serves as a summary test provided at the end of a learning course or training activity. This type of assessment helps trainers and instructors define how much a learner has grown and improved over time and record their overall achievement.

§  Confirmative assessments. 

§  Norm-referenced assessments. is type of assessment that significantly compares a learner’s knowledge and performance to another.

Criterion-referenced assessments