What I want to share by Laura Nabors https://padlet.com/naborsla/jksos0ki9vy6 My thoughts are.... en-us 2018-10-29 15:51:22 UTC 2020-10-11 21:34:53 UTC hello@padlet.com Thoughts on Chapter 13 and Assignment https://padlet.com/naborsla/jksos0ki9vy6/wish/819891424 Reflection of Chapter 13 on the basic rules of designing a simple questionnaire. Two basic principles are involved prior to constructing a questionnaire, they are planning and piloting. Each of the said principles are procedural in nature, with the aim of arriving at a workable instrument for data collection to achieve the objectives of the study at hand. The planning stage, deals with understanding the goal and objectives of the study to formulate the measurement scales appropriate for achieving the objectives. While piloting involves pre-survey to test the instruments (measurement scale) for validity and reliability; this will be done with gathering small number of population. 
Reflection on the attributes of questionnaire as presented in the chapter places emphasis on clarity in-terms of visually appealing for readability, structured format such as open and closed ended. The chapter gives more insight criteria to choose open or close-ended questions; such as when the when responses are unknown or enormous and cannot be pre-coded. Their advantage is that they are quicker and cheaper to analyze than responses to open questions. Again closed questions have the risk that replies may be forced into inappropriate categories and can give respondents clues about their expected responses that could probably be unknown to them. 
Both materials (Chapter 13 and assignment) explains the four main scaling methods used to assess the evaluative component of attitudes which are the Thurstone, Likert, Guttman and semantic differential methods. The most common response scale is the Likert (rating scale). Other forms of likert scaling are visual analogue and numeric scales. The chapter concludes by discussing the rules governing order and wording of questionnaires. The order and wording of the question can affect response and bias results. According to the readings, easy and basic non-threatening questions should be asked first, (the most important questions should be asked first if no other rules apply). Questions about behavior should be asked before questions about attitudes; general questions should be placed before specific questions. Leading questions which do not reflect balance, complex questions and questions containing double negatives can lead to bias and should be avoided. Questions should contain simple and familiar words that everyone will understand.
The chapter exposes me to useful techniques as a researcher to design a simple and effective questionnaire, structured in a way that gives zero tolerance to bias, 95% accuracy and 5% margin of error. 
Afolakemi Olaniyan

]]> 2020-10-11 18:15:59 UTC https://padlet.com/naborsla/jksos0ki9vy6/wish/819891424 Review of Chapter 13 and Assignment https://padlet.com/naborsla/jksos0ki9vy6/wish/820050866 Review of Chapter 13 of the text revealed the importance of questionnaire design in obtaining adequate information. These include the questions wording, order, and response formats.  The questionnaire design requires a lot of planning, and the area of interest needs to be carefully considered.  

The text explores the order of a good questionnaire. It should commence with a brief introduction about what the study entails, how the respondents were selected, the study's benefits, confidentiality, and informed consent. These constitute the cover letter, which gives the respondents adequate information about the survey for consent to be obtained. 

For sensitive questions, the order of question is crucial to obtain adequate information. It is better to have sensitive questions at the tail end of the survey. With this, the trust would have been built, and respondents will be more comfortable to discuss. 

The way questions are asked or asking the wrong questions will also determine the result obtained from a survey. Often, respondents do not have the patience to comprehend the investigators' intent when ambiguous questions are asked; hence, questions should be written in simple and clear languages that are easily understandable. 

I also learned about the types of response formats and their application in designing questions based on the expected outcome. If the researcher is interested in obtaining specific information, closed-ended items will be more appropriate. In contrast, open-ended questions should be used when the research is interested in obtaining detailed and diverse information about the subject matter. 

As an investigator, questions wording, order, and formats should be carefully planned to prevent non-response rate and obtain adequate information free of misconstrued responses from the study population.
This week's reading explored the scaling methods used in evaluating attitude objects. These include the Thurstone scale, Likert Scale , Guttman Scale and semantic-differential scales. While the first three scaling methods measure the attitudes by assessing the extent to which people agree or disagree with various opinion statements, the Semantic- differential scale focuses on the meaning people attach to words or concepts.

Tosin Sanyaolu
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