RLW helps you improve your writing skills by adapting and learning other author’s writing techniques in strategies. 

RLW is done by focusing on the structure of writing more than the content. Examine how writing is put together and why it was put together that way.

Writing is a series of choices and RLW is questioning the writer's choices. Analyze how the author's choices engage readers, get their point across, evoke emotion, convey a tone, etc. Are their writing strategies efficient or disorganized?

Encouragement, speaking, reading, expectations, embracing failure, growth mindset are all environmental factors that can boost a child's intelligence before the age of three.

Intelligence is defined in many different ways and isn't fixed. People can be intelligent in contrasting ways, one is not better than the other.

Intelligence is a process, you can always grow, develop, and change. You need to be willing to.

disconnection between students acknowledging reading as a helpful tool for their writing and general academic success vs actually interacting with texts to do so.

digital texts, multimedia, and collaborative writing call for educators to change their teaching methods and incorporate digital tools into the writing teaching processes.

writers need to develop strong critical skills that will allow them to navigate a diverse landscape of audiences and purposes

Teachers can't just think about the final product but the process of writing and the writer's development over time.

There aren't just two sides to a conversation. Scholarly conversations are never-ending, with infinite perspectives and a long history.

Argues for a broader understanding of literacy beyond reading and writing. Effective communication in contexts requires skills in digital, visual, and critical literacies.

The need for instructions in specific academic and social contexts. Real-life situations could connect writing with students' lives to increase engagement as well as learning.

Emphasizes the value of collaboration, in peer feedback and group projects, this environment strengthens writing and also creates space for different voices to be heard.

The vital role of technology in modern literacy practice. Writing instructions should incorporate the use of technology.

The transformation of human thought to writing is crucial to the learning process. It allows people to further evaluate, analyze, and add to their ideas.

AI should not be used for things you don't know, AI is less harmful if used for little repetitive tasks that one already knows a lot about. 

If students start to use AI to compose and learn things for them then it will compromise the integrity of intelligence and eventually make everyone sound the same.

Research made at a University towards undergraduates about whether or not reading is important 

Reading was found to be important in the research 

The research found that students wouldn’t do the readings due to the amount and lack of interest

Educators need to come up with new material in composition for their students to prepare them 

 The author provides us with the historical background of writing and its progression to the 21st century

The introduction of the writing process which is still used today 

The rise of digital writing

Be open to other’s opinions, being biased can affect the way we get presented with information 

Understand the conversation before you enter the scholarship as a conversation 

Scholarship Conversations can go on for a long time

Scholarship as a Conversation is a way for scholars to give or share opinions about their area of expertise

The framework literacies are institutional, critical, traditional, and academic 

Multi-literacies 

Multimedia age contributes to our literacy 

Implementing literacies into teaching

Educators are worried that their students won’t advance in their learning with AI

Educators need to implement AI into their learning curriculum

AI can disrupt the learning process of research for writing

Individuals can learn how to become stronger writers by reading like a writer.

Reading like a writer allows us to examine choices, such as diction, tone, style, etc, other writers make, helping us determine whether we would or would not make those same choices.

Conducting our own analysis of others' writing choices helps us consider different techniques and the effect they have on an audience. We use those responses to inform our writing, making our pieces stronger.

Reading helps us learn how to build texts by studying the structure of a piece, much like an architect would.

It’s not enough to know what; now we must also understand the why. 

Professors expect students to engage critically with the texts, i.e., analyzing arguments, synthesizing, taking intellectual risks, and having original/complex ideas.

Students need to be able to structure their writing according to audience and purpose. There are no rules or structures to hold students' hands along the way. Writer's responsibility.

Having a growth mindset is vital in college writing. Students must be flexible writers, learn from their mistakes, take feedback well, and be willing to make many drafts and revisions.

Colleges/universities do a poor job of communicating their expectations or curriculum to high schools.

Rules and structures put in place by secondary schools program students to only do writing for the end goal, i.e., a good grade.

undergrads need to be deprogrammed. Their writing should be variable, fit to the audience, and cater to its purpose.

Being a writer is about making choices, sometimes right, sometimes wrong. Writers responsibility.

The important connections between reading and writing; how reading makes for a better writer; to read like a writer

Read Like a Writer(RLW) brings up the claim that the decisions an author makes in their writing can be reflected onto another's own writing

The point that questions should be brought up in the topic of reading in order to understand it in more depth

The amount of words exposed to a child are linked to the social groups they are from. This is great at the word exposure difference between kids of low-income families and those of high-income families.

Engagement towards adolescents is detrimental for promoting development especially in the intelligence factor. 

It is important to help disadvantaged kids at a younger age in order to reduce the gap in cognitive development.

A person’s skill regarding the topic of reading occurs over a lifetime. This is due to the experiences gained over that duration which can be applied upon a person’s writing. 

Most students believe that academic reading is not essential for success in class. This was backed by the argument that reading isn’t needed if the professor integrated enough overview and information and is allowed more time to teach.

The reason why students don’t have a good opinion of academic reading is  due to the lack of instruction given to students on reading assignments. This doesn’t let students understand that the skill of reading is developmental and that it builds the skill of critical thinking and being disciplined.  

In the 21st Century writing was not encouraged as the main goal in society during that time was to maintain constant control over its citizens.

The difference of views people have between reading and writing. Reading was viewed positively and done as a hobby, however writing brought restrictive feelings.

A new view of writing from composing text through desktop publishing as it made writing something that brings up ambitious feelings with people mainly students.

Redefining the definition of “scholarship,” to show that it is sharing ideas within others under the same discipline.   

The importance of conversation under a topic as it allows the development and expanse  of information throughout history.

Addressing the “other side,” as it can both help and hurt a person’s writing although previous academic experience may encourage addressing another side.

In my opinion, the reason for this situation is the habit left over from students' long-term practice of structured writing, which cannot be easily changed in a short time. Just like when I was in high school, I would choose writing as the last task, because writing has a clear structure, and I only need to write the composition according to the structure. So I can get more time to do other things.

I think students will regard writing as a means to get better grades, and to get better grades is to have an advantage in future employment. So students will find it sufficient to write using a framework.

Students see writing as a tool to be used, a task to be done. It's not a skill. So don't spend too much time on writing, but write with a mindset of being able to get it done.

When people read a lot of books, they can learn different writers' writing and expression, and also learn their way of thinking, which is of great help to their own writing.

The author's way of reading is better to understand the article from the perspective of the writer, rather than swallowing the article. I think that's the difference between high school and college reading. In high school, the most important thing to do in reading is to find the main idea of the article, rather than reading slowly to feel each word. But in college, students can read word for word and learn other people's writing methods and habits.

The author believes that certain conditions are required to quote the raw materials of celebrities. If the conditions are not suitable, then the quoted materials will not have the desired effect when writing.

We can learn this method in the process of learning to write, which can help us think while writing, and also make us better express our own opinions in the article.

The author thinks that reading can help us get the information, but if we want to use the information in the article, we need to know everything about the information. The author uses metaphors to compare information to architecture, and people who write to architects. Then the architect needs to understand all the structures of the building.

reading with a writer's eye 

will help better understand the purpose

Reflect on personal writings 

Learning through imitation

Socioeconomic standings 

Language exposure

Awareness to these issues

Effective strategies 

Obstacles faced by students 

Importance of academic reading

Adapting to newer times 

Reflection in writing 

New assessment methods

Critical engagement 

Collaborative processes 

How info is produced

Strategies 

Literacy needs 

Critical thinking 

Assessment methods

Collaborative Learning 

Skill Develop 

Cognitive load 

Creativity 

When people read a lot of books, they can learn different writers' writing and expression, and also learn their way of thinking, which is of great help to their own writing.

This project has greatly helped children from impoverished families, preventing them from embarking on the path of crime in order to survive.

I think it may be because professional families place more emphasis on education, and both parents have higher educational backgrounds, so their children will learn more vocabulary through exposure.

The author expresses the influence of different families on children's vocabulary by listing specific numbers.

The results of this experiment can prove the influence of parents on children's reading ability to a certain extent, and encourage parents to do more parent-child reading.

In the class, my professor already told us the importance of critical reading because college students can improve their writing skills and learn more academic knowledge by critical reading.

Students like to read some directive articles to get information or answers and they don’t want to spend too much time thinking about problems under the words. I think the reason is that they haven’t adapted to college from high school study.

If a student's writing ability cannot meet their expectations, they will have trouble in many places, such as doing homework, making PPT or just expressing and showing themselves. So they will feel that college life are really different and alienating.

I can understand why they have these kinds of thoughts. Reading means people need to spend more time in it while they can only find a little useful information or knowledge. That’s why lots of students like to do some directive homework like math because it just requires students to do calculus. 

I don't agree with it because if students want to apply for a good university, they need to pay 100% attention in high school studying. But most high schools will not use academic articles as tests. Then students don't have enough chances to approach academic reading.

She believes that in people's long-standing writing, their current writing is unparalleled, but currently there are three major challenges facing human writing. The first challenge is the need to develop new collaborative models. The second challenge is the need to design new courses that can support these models. The third challenge is to create relevant teaching models for writing.

At present, with the advanced level of human technology, more and more people are able to speak up for themselves online, and their right to freedom of speech is no longer restricted as before.

critical thinking and analyzation

research and evidence

student clarity and coherence

Critical thinking

focusing more on process rather than product

adaption

With the development of technology, people have more and more ways to express themselves. In the era without the Internet, people can only express themselves by writing letters or writing, but in modern times, everyone can publish their views online, whether long or short.

As university students, if we want to participate in the exploration or research of something, we must learn from the success of previous researchers so that we can recognize the thing, rather than participating in research without knowing anything. Therefore, academic reading is a crucial step.

Academic dialogue is more complex than a simple binary. A simple binary only requires two different results, but academic dialogue does not have two sides. It requires researchers to conduct continuous research and finally come up with an accurate conclusion. Therefore, academic dialogue is endless.

Due to the fact that academic dialogue is not binary and only has two sides, students should not believe in those black and white viewpoints, which is clearly inaccurate. As stated in the article, every viewpoint will have personal bias, and there can be no black and white viewpoint.

When people look at things with a decision in mind, they subconsciously ignore what doesn't make sense and focus on finding something that proves their point. Therefore, we should learn not to make decisions before we have enough information and keep a skeptical attitude at all times.

Academia views academic reading as purposeful, critical, and challenging to readers.

Students like to read some directive articles to get information or answers and they don't want to spend too much time thinking about problems under the words. l think the reason is that they haven't adapted to college from high school study.

I can't agree with you more. Just as I thought that I could adapt to college study well when I first entered the university, because I have the learning experience of high school, but obviously I did not adapt to my college study as I expected.

I can understand why they have these kinds of thoughts. Reading means people need to spend more time in it while they can only find a little useful information or knowledge. That's why lots of students like to do some directive homework like math because it just requires students to do calculus.

I don't agree with it because if students want to apply for a good university, they need to pay 100%attention in high school studying. But most high schools will not use academic articles as tests. Then students don't have enough chances to approach academic reading.

Reading needs students to spend more time in it though it can only show a little knowledge or useful information. But students have more than one course, which means they will also have other homework at the same time. They cannot spend too much time reading. That’s why reading seems too burdensome to them. 

many students struggle to adapt to the university writing style due to their prior knowledge about a certain strategy they were taught.

Many students have to unlearn what they know about the writing to learn the specific way that university professors expect you to write.

writing is a process, that includes making choices, this is the main point of writing, not how long someone can make their paragraph or essay.

there is a certain expectation from professors that students should already know how to use critical thinking when reading.

students should focus on the quality of their writing, and making sure they are in accordance with their audience.

Many mistakes will be made when writing, but with feedback students are able to further improve their writing.

Reading like a writer can cause writers to further question the writing process and encourage comprehensive thinking

Through writing people make many choices, provoking critical thinking

Analyzing another writer's thought process when writing, can help improve the reader's writing, and provide insight on how they can structure their work to be better understood by the intended audience.

Kids are more likely to be successful in the future if they grew up with a “growth mindset”

Reading to a child as early on as possible, has positive effects on how a child’s mind develops and shows that they will achieve more, than a child who was not read too at an earlier age.

Any child can be successful/smart, they do not necessarily have to come from “smart” parents or inherit smart genes.

Undergrads do believe that reading is important, but not as important as educators may think

Too much reading is assigned by university professors, which furthers the negative emotions towards reading

Reading assignments are not of interest to students, causing these tasks to be procrastinated, and not done as effectively as they could've been.

Writing in the 21st century is way different than how it was, for example, in the 1920s when people used typewriters

Different platforms appearing as technology advances are not bad, and should be worked alongside, rather than rejecting them.

These advancements in writing, and new technology that is arising can even encourage students with writing

With the internet around many more people can contribute to conversations now

Depicting conversations as “scholarly” is important and should be done, so people can gain more knowledge

People should see both sides of a conversation, not just be biased without reasonings.

To be able to be successful in literacy in the world a student is going to need many literacy contexts, not just one can encompass everything a student needs to know

Students enter university with their prior knowledge of literacy, but it is highly ineffective when compared to higher education, therefore students need these multiliteracy sources to aid them in their life. 

Students develop a sense of critical thinking using multi literacy sources which help them not only academically but also in their lives, when interacting with others. 

AI can not be compared to the human mind, and in a way it even steals the cognitive thinking aspect humans use when writing.

AI should be used to help better people’s writing, but never to be fully depended on to write a paper for someone.

Although AI can be useful it has limitations when it comes to using it for different subjects, therefore can not always be relied upon for writing. 

China uses pinyin to represent every character and integrates the pinyin into the keyboard.

Chinese people use pinyin and the composition of letters to understand Chinese characters.

This move made the Chinese people a step further in the creation of Chinese characters.

As you can see, Chinese typing speed is very fast because Chinese characters are composed of pinyin, which is not only short but also recognizable.

As you can see, Chinese typing speed is very fast because Chinese characters are composed of pinyin, which is not only short but also recognizable.

Intelligence is an ability that can progress over time.

There are biological and environmental factors that influence intelligence. An example of an environmental factor that can affect intelligence is socioeconomic status.

Socioeconomic differences and exposure to words early in life can affect academic achievement later in life.

Intelligence is not defined by traditional measures of academic success.

The education system needs reform in regard to their expectations at the collegiate level

"Rules" that have to be followed in writing while in high school which are simply for a grade, and not to grow as a writer

In order to grow as a writer, one has to push themself in order to excel

Students in college are having to adopt a different approach in college as it will ultimately help them grow as a writer

There is a learning curve while adapting to the new expectations in writing, students will adapt eventually in which it displays a new level of independence/freedom in their writing

Not every writing assignment will be perfect, but students need to put in the effort in order to grow as a writer

Writing simply consists of a series of choices

When reading like a writer, one is trying to figure out how the text was constructed in order to apply it to their own writing

Writing is a word by word, sentence by sentence process

One's socioeconomic background plays a massive role in the intelligence of a child

Children's environments contributes significantly to their level of success in school, and overall

Genetics aren't the sole reason for one's level of intelligence as multiple different factors play into it

Reading is a developmental process throughout a student's academic career

A student's personal relationship with reading deeply affects their performance

Majority of students read because it's a requirement, not because they want to

Qualitative data shows undergraduates students’ beliefs and perceptions of reading, creating a paradox between reading proficiency and pedagogy.

Academic reading is a developmental process affected by the education we receive.

The themes found in the academic study, which are reading is important, reading is needed for good grades, students are fine with reading skills, ideal timing for reading preparation is before college, amount of reading is appropriate, and reading assignments are ineffective, demonstrate concerns of self-identified reading skills.

There is a causal relationship between reading and the way reading is presented and taught to students to create such perceptions.

Written communication is a better way to express yourself, and you can clearly convey your ideas through written expression.

When people write, they need to output their emotions, their thoughts and emotions through what they write.

When a writer tests and evaluates every aspect of their essay, he or she will not only think of what he or she thought of before, but will also think of some points that were not thought of before.

Writing and thinking go hand in hand with each other. In the process of writing, people will think about how to write the article, what kind of emotions to write it with, and whether what they write can be understood by the readers.

The author will find what is missing based on the subsequent reading and then add it.

I also believe that we should treat artificial intelligence as a tool, a tool to help us complete tasks more perfectly, rather than relying entirely on artificial intelligence to help us complete all tasks.

Years ago, writing was heavily controlled in which it was difficult for one to express their true opinion

Curriculums have evolved immensely over time

Writing has became a phenomenon to be measured

When scholars share their work with others it contributes to a much larger conversation

The world is full of thoughtful conversation in which it's important to be cognizant as to where to find thoughtful conversations

Things aren't always black and white, there's typically a gray area

Miller and Schulz both emphasize the utter importance of understanding the way culture shapes literacy, especially in regard to education.

They claim that literacy is absolutely essential for students to grasp especially considering technology is advancing at a rapid rate.

Ultimately, literacy is an extremely complex concept that displays the dire need for communication, not just pertaining to reading and writing. 

Anson states how the intense usage of AI in regard to generative writing conjunction deeply affects one’s cognitive development long term. 

Depending on AI to finish homework assignments significantly threatens the integrity of students' work. 

Ultimately, using AI doesn’t stimulate the brain in an engaging way which doesn’t even attempt to challenge the cognitive process of a writer.

Students need to systematically learn college language ability. Only by learning professional language ability, such as academic reading, can students better adapt to various requirements of society in the future.

With the development of science and technology, students can obtain information or knowledge from more channels, but because of this trend, students' ability and knowledge storage are constantly improving. So the range of literacy skills that students need to get into school or college is constantly increasing.

This decision can help some students who have defects in reading, writing or academic research to make up for their shortcomings, help them better participate in university study, and narrow the gap between different students in vocabulary and other related learning.

This decision can help some students who have defects in reading, writing or academic research to make up for their shortcomings, help them better participate in university study, and narrow the gap between different students in vocabulary and other related learning.

Writing processes and perceptions have evolved over time, especially over the 21st century, due to changes in writing instruction and technological advances.

Science and progressivism has influenced writing trends throughout history. Science and progressivism promoted a more systematic approach to learning, leading to writing becoming a measurable academic practice.

Due to the 21st century’s advances in technology, writing now heavily involves computerized composing. The infusion of technology into education has forever changed writing composition and scholarship, opening doors for writers everywhere to engage in free expression and scholarly conversation at any time.

As writing evolves, we need to adapt to those changes by creating new methods of teaching and learning about writing. 

Writing is about making choices: Decisions, decisions, decisions and how those can make a significant impact on the text.

Reading like a writer improves your own writing: Reading analytically, (paying attention to decisions made) to find ways to incorporate into my own writing 

Audience and Purpose are very important to the context of a text: Helps us understand why certain decisions were made

Analyze the text and see how it has been constructed, like an architect looks at a house.

Individuals can join and contribute to scholarly conversations through active listening and sharing, and  acknowledgement of bias and opposing views.

We have the ability to add to conversations we have not been a part of by actively listening.

Hursts uses the metaphor of the Burkean Parlor Model to illustrate how we don’t need to start or end scholarly conversations to be a part of them. We can share our opinions and views after a conversation starts by listening and getting a sense of what the topic of conversation is. Others in the conversation might agree or disagree with your ideas, but this exchange of information is crucial to keeping a conversation going.

We can add nuance to the scholarly conversation by addressing counter arguments.

In high school, reaching a conclusion at the end of an essay, analysis, or research paper is the goal, However, in college, we shift away from this mindset of simple binary, and acknowledge and discuss the existence of other points of view and how we may agree, disagree, or simultaneously agree and disagree with them. 

Word Gap and Language Exposure: Children from wealthier families hear more words than children from low income families, this leads to children from more fortunate households to have a head start on their literacies and do better academically.

Parent Engagement: Speaking more to children from birth makes them more intelligent

Intelligence is not just based on genetics but also by environment. The environment a child is in influences their development.

Students feel they can complete their schoolwork without completing reading assignments

Students don't complete reading assignments because they think they take to long

Students think that most reading assignments are ineffective

Students have not been prepared for college reading and writing

Students think their reading proficiency is higher than it actually is.

Educators should realign their teaching methods so that the assignments are meaningful and effective.

Writing is key for developing critical thinking skills and learning

People have always wanted to read and write and understand that reading and writing is the gateway to knowledge and learning

Writing is more and more public, with people contributing so much online

Technology is reshaping how and where we write.

Schools need to integrate modern writing practices and adjust their curriculum

Contribute to scholarly conversation even if you are not an expert. As long as you listen and do a little research, you can “throw your hat into the ring”.

Success in college requires more than basic reading and writing skills, but instead, multiple literacies that span not only institutional but, critical, traditional, and academic literacies

Other literacies that must be known are social, cultural, digital, and more

Introduced a new method of teaching called the lectorial to teach the multi literacy framework. It focuses on helping those that need it the most first.

Each student has a virtual backpack that includes all the knowledge they have.

The “secret game” favors those that have the knowledge and literacies that universities value

AI is a good tool to write small things that do not require much thinking

Using AI to write work such as an essay subverts the thinking and learning process

Writing can change the writer because it can open up new perspectives

Representing knowledge in writing solidifies that knowledge in yourself

Because of the growing use of NLP systems such as ChatGPT, educators should find ways to integrate them into the classroom

Professors want writing that is clear, organized, direct and concise. Students should be able to convey their ideas well.

Professors expect students to do more than just a summary. They want students to delve deeper and provide a good analysis with arguments.

Professors want students to take intellectual risks

Students should understand the purpose of their assignments and tailor their writing to meet the expectations of the professor and audience.

A multiliteracies academic approach would better prepare undergraduate students for college education.

The implementation of institutional, academic, critical, and traditional literacies will improve retention and completion rates, thus, improving college education.

Multiliteracies add nuance to the scholarly conversation of college education. They do this by addressing the complexities of modern access to multimedia and the impact of different biological, social, and cultural backgrounds.

Students need more than the basic skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic to meaningfully engage with the world around them, promoting the need for a multiliteracies framework in education.

AI tools should be integrated into the academic curriculum as an aid to writing development, not a replacement.

AI writing is often repetitive and lacking in unique and complex language, depriving the piece of individuality.

When individuals use AI to avoid writing, they obstruct the writing process and experience, participating in unethical and unhelpful use of AI.

Student's need to unlearn habits that they learned in high school

The 5 paragraph essay is not the end all formula for writing.

The rules for a writing assignment are rewritten for each assignment. This is because the audience, genre, and purpose are different.

Sometimes we as writers make the wrong choices and that's okay because writing is a life long journey of practice

An author makes certain choices and decisions to create certain effects on an audience.

Using what one learns from readings and applying it to one’s own work, one must use these learnings to create and better their own.

A slight change may change the concept of the text at hand.

Understand the concept given by thinking of the structures and the puzzle that went on creating a text, RLW method.

A person’s intelligence and academic success is based on their environmental exposures during their early childhood development.

Expose the youth to resources, reading, writing, math, and more to give them the greatest advantages and best interest towards their chosen future.

Depending on the person, intelligence levels and types of intelligence varies, there is not only one type of “being smart”.

Both genes and environment factor into a child’s growth.

Undergraduate students in college perceive literary work as a chore, and task to complete.

Undergraduate students memorize and study on the topic they think will be tested on, rather than learn the material.

The authors researched and gathered assessments done by students to get a look into why students perceived literacy this way, and with those opinions where did they stand.

Reading is important but it’s not for everyone.

Writing has changed over time as tools and technology advances. 

Educators can take these challenges and form them into opportunities for their courses/curriculum.

Sharing and expressing ideas and feelings is much easier when compared to our history.

Scholarship is a devotion to creating a piece of material and presenting it to other scholars.

Scholarship conversations require research and knowledge towards a specific subject/topic, this must be discussed with others who do so.

A scholarship conversation can go on forever, covering many controversial topics, with many different people, who attain many different perspectives and opinions.

A framework designed to educate and prepare students for their literacy work beyond college education.

This framework is aimed for the success of any and all students.

This framework covers critical, traditional, academic, and institutional types of literacies, to cover all subjects for the greatest success in any field.

Negative side effects towards the usage of AI.

AI leads to regression in our writing capabilities.

Writing allows writers to gain more knowledge and insight into a topic, forming new perspectives and thoughts.

AI abuse can lead towards the downfall of all students, even those who don’t cheat.

College and High School have a rift between them due to standards of reading and writing.

College provides students with less structure and more freedom.

In college a student will have to deprogram themselves and relearn the new standards that the new world, college, holds them at. They must forget all they know because it is not applied here.

Writing in college does not require such structure but still has high expectations in a writers word choice and purpose.

Students view writing and reading as a grade and an assignment to be completed, not something to learn from.

How should and do faculty assess their students learning. In what ways do they teach and grade their students, and how can they adapt a better plan to fit their students at hand, to give them the greatest chance at success.

Both students and professors need to put in effort when improving and need to be able to adapt to their given environment at hand. Students need to use critical thinking skills when reading and writing. Professors need to look towards the success of their students and encourage them, with things such as intellectual risks.

College writing challenges students to undergo deprogramming of strict writing beliefs and habits.

Writing cannot be dictated by set formulas.

Holding higher education accountable for not communicating the purposes and processes of college writing to primary and secondary schools, creating an educational gap.

Strict writing rules create artificial constructs that emphasize teacher approval and sounding "smart" over learning.

Writing choices should be informed by the response we want to obtain from the audience.

The core of being a writer is to make choices.

Reading like a writer is like being an architect. You must know the process yourself in order to have a base for yourself Reading like a writer comes with steps needed to be taken bit by bit 

Before starting a writing piece take into account what is being asked of you, context? The author has their own purpose for why they wrote what they wrote, it is up to the reader to comprehend this. Genre is also a crucial part 

Throughout the reading it is also crucial that you ask yourself questions throughout since a question is the basis for determining genre, context, form of writing, etc. 

Knowledge is not fixed; this also comes with writing. A person's writing capabilities are not fixed; they can always become better. 

The topics of writing and literature are expansive. There isn’t just one answer when it comes to this topic unlike mathematics. This is also shown n the text when it comes to the topic of intelligence there are a diverse set of answers when it comes to labeling intelligence

The author, David Shenk’s style is also apparent when it comes to this article, it came across as informative. The author’s purpose was also apparent. It is important for these key elements to be identifiable to the reader in order for the piece to serve its purpose 

The idea of scholarship stemmed from a different background then most think such as it hasn’t always been connected to ‘’free money’’ that can help someone further advance their educational career. Scholarship is involved with the idea of conversation. 

Within a scholarly conversation there are important ideas to take into mind such as that bias can disrupt a conversation from running smoothly along with that it is also important to be self aware of your own bias but to not let take full control of you. 

When it comes to scholarly conversation people always assume that a conversation especially when it involves a debatable topic is binary, Hurst connects to the colors of white and black serving as these two sides, and then the gray sides that are truly prominent in this topic 

Ai does follow a repetitive sequence where it can be trackable I have known about this from my teachers back in highschool with how they are able to detect when writing is AI based on a algorithm 

I have had teachers before who have also shown the pros with using AI especially in writing . I have also had teachers where they talk about using AI especially with brainstorming about stuff

When AI does generate any writing pieces for us it takes away from our learning. And also interrupts our own process with making our own style of writing.

The topic of once again having to learn and forget is brought up especially with the 5 paragraph back in high school.

Professors expect that their students engage in deeper critical thinking then just staying at the surface

Writing is a lifelong process where the environment especially helps empower people especially students in their skills

Writing is developmental, meaning that it can improve over time.

College writing strays away from the strict formulas of high school writing, such five-paragraph essays.

College writing prioritizes growth, understanding of content, and intellectual risks over completion and grades.

A student's skills as a reader and writer can grow and evolve over their college career by taking risks and identifying disciplinary differences.

Learning to attentively read sources and ask profound questions engages a student's critical thinking skills and challenges them to think beyond what is on the page, ultimately preparing them to be more than just "essay writers," but clever thinkers and problem-solvers.

The ways that AI can be used to both help and improve the skills of mainly students. These ways are mainly to emphasize other ways they can view a topic they already have an understanding in. AI can also be used as a tool to help to save them time on things they are familiar with so they have more time to focus on what they are not.

AI also may also be considered an easy way out for many students which won’t help them to understand topics. When AI is used to complete task that one is not familiar in with, they don’t fully understand the topic and how it inhibits their grow and skills.

The ways AI can be integrated into instruction to actively help students. AI can be used to formulate ideas in other ways that students may not think of and in turn they can add these new terms into their writing.

There is an array of literacies needed for a student to be successful in various different settings as there is not just one literacy that encompasses all

There is once again a tie back to diversity because of these literacies being provided and the connection it has to knowledge especially with the transition to university. 

There is once again a structure being placed on students that is suppose to help them in their success with literacies such as the structure included within writing with the inclusion claim, purpose, and conclusion

Students have to adapt to a new way of writing in college

Writing is not just a task, but a tool used to explore and learn

College writing compared to previous years of learning to write consists of more freedom and less structural thinking

Yancey talks about the examination part of writing . It can also be implied that when we have to do our writing assignments we are always being tested. There may not be a day where we don’t write. Even if its as little as writing random letters on a piece of paper or texting someone

Writing was revolutionized once again when the age of technology came especially with the invention of the computer that then later came with the set of digital tools that people were then going to use . 

With the use of technology there was also another side to it besides the good. There would have to be new adaptability for people of all backgrounds especially when digital tools are wanting to be incorporated into writing. 

Students must be willing to learn from mistakes with their writings in college

Students need to change their perspective on writing tasks and see it as something to help their skills

Students are exposed to a new way of thinking when it comes to writing in college

Writing is about making multiple choices 

Reading like a writer will help students understand the writing process

Reading like a writer allows readers to see why the writer wrote what they wrote and how they were able to make the readers feel the way they did

Environmental factors affect a child’s brain growth

Intelligence is not a general thing, but a complex process

Intelligence can come from various backgrounds, not just someone who is fortunate

Intelligence isn’t fixed

Undergraduates find reading assignments to be irrelevant with improving reading skills

Students mistake reading sufficiency with proficiency 

Reading is needed for good grades

Scholarship as conversation is when scholars discuss about topics

Scholarship as conversation don’t have a black/white side because there’s always a gray area

Already having a concluded opinion about a topic makes it hard to have a conversation

The change of writing and the history of America that connects to it

The development of philosophy, etc

Change is necessary in writing

AI can be used as a helpful tool in writing

There are still improvements needed with AI

AI in writing doesn’t let the human brain think much

Literacy skills influence how students view society

Students were never taught college style writing

Educators need to implement more nuanced ways of teaching

reading habits, negatively impacting their writing and comprehension.

Challenges such as time constraints and lack of engagement can cause students to not complete reading assignments, which results in lower writing quality and diminished confidence.

Students often resort skimming to manage their reading loads, and these methods adversely affect their writing.

Writing as a thinking process:
Writing is a form of thinking, a concept often misunderstood or not taught in high school. In college, students are expected to take full responsibility for their learning and use writing as a tool to develop and express their thoughts.

Shift from rigid rules to effective communication:
College writing emphasizes quality arguments and effective communication over formulas and rules taught in high school. Universities encourage students to find what works best for them in conveying their ideas, moving away from the narrow perspective of academic writing often present in high schools.

Impact of AI on academic writing:
AI tools like ChatGPT is significantly changing how essays get written in academia. Educators are concerned about its implications, but there should still be ashift towards creating meaningful, engaging writing assignments that students are genuinely passionate about, making AI less appealing as a shortcut.

Students should focus on the quality of their writing before anything in college writing.