Made popular by Lord Byron, one of the first known “celebrities” to chronically diet.  Meals consisted of plain starches, such as a piece of bread or a biscuit, or potatoes doused with vinegar, along with carbonated waters or plain tea.  

First appeared in The Physiology of Taste by Jean Brillat-Savarin, who was considered a French 19^th century "foodie". His writings detailed the process of chewing and swallowing in relation to taste perception and the formation of dental cavities.  

Although inventing Graham crackers was his only legacy, Sylvester Graham recognized the importance of whole grains and the association of diet and disease before it was well researched. He also promoted a raw foods, vegetarian-based diet that was lower in salt and fat.

"Banting" becomes a popular term for dieting,and the research of Dr. Frederick Banting leads to the discovery of insulin as one of the first treatments for Type 1 diabetes earning him a Nobel Prize in 1923.

Horace Fletcher, a “self-taught nutritionist” promotes "Fletcherizing", chewing food 32 times.  His methods focused on eating only when hungry and were touted for helping people save money by reducing food intake.

Lulu Hunt Peters introduces calorie counting in her bookDiet and Health, With Key to the Calories. She provides formulas and targets to help with weight management, along with a listing of the calorie content of foods.

This plan, developed by three physicians, eliminates refined carbohydrates and labels sugar as being “toxic” to the body. Foods that are both naturally sweet or contain added sugars are to be avoided.

It consists of four phases each with less than the recommended amount of carbohydrates. It also consists of the high intake of protein and fat only which makes this diet highly criticized since it doesn't consider other found groups.

It focuses on limiting refined carbs and added sugars. It also increases lean proteins, healthy fats, whole grains and high fiber fruits and vegetables. In place of high-carbohydrates like paste, it encourages low-glycemic foods like whole grains and healthy fats. 

This diet is based on eating the correct foods for your specific blood type. When you eat foods that aren't compatible with your antigens then the lectins target an organ and cause several problems like clumping or inflammation. For example, blood type O should eat meat, moderate fat, limit grains, dairy and should not eat wheat.

It consists of only drinking juices with fresh fruit and vegetables. It is also said to help you get rid of toxins and helps curbs possible addictions to sugar, salt, caffeine, junk food, etc.

This diet consists of eating about 75% or more of your foods raw. Usually these foods temperatures have never reached 116 degrees F or 47 degrees C. Weight loss is usually not the goal since the diet is low in fats, proteins, and calories. However, some believe it can offer weight control, increased energy better digestion, and a stronger immune system amongst other things.

It is based off the popular believe that those who consume food high in coconut oil will rarely display weight gain and will be free of common chronic diseases. The diet is in 4 phases of 21 days eating lean protein and vegetables, cleansing, healthy carbs, maintenance. During those phases dieters will also consume 2-3 spoons of pure coconut oil daily.  

This diet suggests that people who are active and eat healthy can cheat only on the weekend and still loose weight permanently. During the weekdays you can consume fruits, vegetable whole grains, lean protein, low fat dairy, and unsaturated fats. During the weekend you can eat things like pizza, chocolate, ice cream, cheese, bread, and meat.