Sensory Development by Sarah Cole https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix OTPT1103 en-us 2018-11-07 02:29:27 UTC 2018-11-09 15:07:43 UTC hello@padlet.com Somatic https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301794481 Touch:
- The earliest response to touch is avoidance or turning away.
- Proprioceptive receptors are well-developed by midfetal life.
- Tapping, stretching, and change in amniotic fluid pressure can cause a response in the fetus.

Temperature:
- Fetus can't distinguish between hot and cold due to their environment.
- May follow along with the mother's body temperature.

Pain: 
- By 20 weeks of gestation, sensory nerve endings that are capable of carrying pain are present. 
- Fetus is not aware of pain because pathway between spinal cord and the cortex is incomplete.
- By 24-26 weeks of gestation, the pathway connects to the thalamus, making pain possible.

]]> 2018-11-07 20:51:36 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301794481 Somatic https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301794798
  • Diminished ability to detect touch, vibration, proprioceptors, temperature, and pain. 
  • By 90, your skin receptors are only 1/3 of there original density.  Vibration is the most common sensory loss. Lower extremities are more affected than upper extremities. 
  • Meissner's Corpuscle is sense organ presumed to function in touch sensation in hairless portions of the skin. Pacinian also has impairments in vibration with older adults. 
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTkPcqC_lfE
    • ]]>     2018-11-07 20:52:26 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301794798     Special https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795079 "Receptors PROBABLY function prenatally" - Sarah Cole
    Vision
    - At 26 weeks the eyes are about as fully developed as can be.
    - The baby can sense light, and open their eyes
    - 33 weeks the pupils can constrict and dilate
    Taste
    - At week 8 of gestation neurons connect forming taste buds
    - 15 weeks can taste amniotic fluids
    Smell
    - 10-12 weeks olfactory smell receptors form
    -late in the second trimester they start to smell
    Hearing
    -18 weeks baby can hear
    - 25-26 weeks they can here and respond to sound

    ]]>     2018-11-07 20:53:10 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795079     Somatic (Temperature) https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795086 - First response to touch is random leg and arm movements 
    - regulate their own temperature at birth ( sensitive to the ambient air )
    - infants that are too warm are consider "sunbathing" (decrease their calorie intake, sleep and decrease blood pressure) 
    - sweating and panting matures later 
    - infant will wake and move if too cool. ]]>     2018-11-07 20:53:11 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795086     Vestibular https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795134 2018-11-07 20:53:18 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795134 Somatic https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795221
  • Two point discrimination is possible by age 4
  • Can identify familiar objects by 5
  • The ability to motor plan or praxis (application of a theory) 
  • Highest level of self awareness is achieved around the age of 5
  • Adult levels of kinaesthetic acuity are achieved by 8 years of age, whereas kinaestheticmemory maturity is not usually achieved until 12

    • ]]>     2018-11-07 20:53:29 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795221     Vestibular https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795237
  • Vertigo and dizziness are common in older adults, because the inner ear systems undergo degeneration. Poor balance in elders often walk slower and shuffle their feet. Elderly show impairments in judging passive leg movements.
  • Bodies position relation to gravity. 
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWn1bqhF3Wo
    • ]]>     2018-11-07 20:53:31 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795237     Vestibular https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795281
  • Adolescents may be awkward or clumsy as they get use to the growth of their limbs and bodies
  • Function relative to postural control in standing does not reach adult levels even at the age of 15

    • ]]>     2018-11-07 20:53:37 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795281     Special https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795297
  • By 80, vision rapidly decrease. Adults cannot preceive things if there vision is impaired. Prebycusis, is an age related decline in hearing, this is due to loss of sensory cells in the inner ear. 
  •  Even though hearing declines, it is known as the last sense to go before death. 
  • Poor appetite and lower food intake are in older adults, due to diminishing of taste buds. 
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAQ69j9rx3Y
    • ]]>     2018-11-07 20:53:39 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795297     Special https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795337 Vision:
    • The child shows refinement of size constancy; the ability to recognize that the objects remain the same size even if the distance of the viewer the object changes
    • By 5 years children demonstrate visual closer
    • By 8 years old most children are as good as adults in preforming this perceptual task
    • Adult levels of depth perception are achieved at 12 years of age
    Spatial awareness
    • By 3-4 years most children have specialized the dichotomies of over/under, top/bottom, front/back
    • By 8 years old they can start answering questions of left and right
    • Directionality develops between 6 and 12
    • At 7 the child uses the body as a directional references 

    ]]>     2018-11-07 20:53:43 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301795337     Vestibular https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301798520 WEEK 4:
    - Vestibular apparatus begins in the 4th week of gestation, as a thickening of the placode which is a precursor of some sensory organs.
    9+ WEEKS:
    -    Semicircular canals, utricle and saccule are completely formed.
    12-24 WEEKS:
    -    Neural connections are made. Gaze, stability and spatial orientation are the first sensory system to function.
    BIRTH:
    -    Continuation of postural control, movement and balance.]]>     2018-11-07 21:01:16 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301798520     Special https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301801385 Vision- Infants usually see in black and white and develops over 7 months of age.
    -By 2 months red and yellow can be perceived and full colour by 4 months
    Hearing- Infants cry at loud noises. -By 3 months head turns to locate sound.
    Speech is learned through hearing at the start of 2 years, and progresses until 4 years
    Taste and Smell- linked to feeding, parent-infant communication, control of respiration, and cognition. 
    -Both taste and smell are functional at birth and become connected to feeding reflexes]]>     2018-11-07 21:08:38 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301801385     Somatic (Pain) https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301801532 -  pain receptors are equally prevalent in infants and adults 
    - newborns experience pain more acutely 
    - long term consequences if pain is not treated infants (poor social control, poor adaptive behaviour, impulsivity) ]]>     2018-11-07 21:09:03 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301801532     Vestibular Sense https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301803403 -Preterm infants have delayed vestibular responses to movement. This is due to immaturity, not pathology.

    -Newborns' vestibular function is better in supine than in prone. This may contribute to the protective effect of the supine position in preventing sudden infant death syndrome.

    -The first postnatal VOR (Vestibular Ocular Reflex) demonstrated by the infant is called the Doll eye phenomenon. The eyes appear to move in the opposite direction of the head. If it continues after 2 weeks of age, it could indicate severe brain damage. A normal VOR should be present by 2 months of age. A lack of VOR responses at 10 months of age is abnormal. 

    -Maturation of the system contributes to postural control and general motor development.

    -Slow maturation of vestibular sensitivity is a result of changes in synaptic strength & connectivity in the brain stem & higher centers.
    ]]>     2018-11-07 21:14:22 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301803403     Somatic (Proprioception) https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301804619 Foundation for purposeful movement such as imitation, reaching and locomotion.
    -Used for action very early after birth when tactile and vestibular systems are functioning.]]>     2018-11-07 21:17:47 UTC https://padlet.com/otsarahcole/jiw36oj15cix/wish/301804619