what injuries might you suspect based on the scenario: Broken bones, internal bleeding, head injuries blunt trauma, shock, ruptured diaphragm.

What first aid: CPR if unresponsive, stabilising obvious brakes with a splint is necessary(not a tail(, if bleeding then apply form pressure, keep the animal warm by using blankets and coats, call the vet ASAP. It is also a good idea to move the animal out the road by using a “stretcher” or something similar.

2- hypothermia, paralysis, slips, trips and falls of first aider. Injury to first aider from cat.

3- check animal is responding call vet to notify you'llbe coming and get advice. Check heart rate, capillary refil time if you can, check airways are clear. Due to the fall their could be blood in the airways. Stabilise the cat on a board (parcel shelf/cardboard). Check for other animals in the area and get them away to reduce stress responses from the animal. Check for visible fractures and stabilise them to prevent further damage. Make sure cat is warm as it could go into hypovolemic shock. Use Blankets to warm it up.

4- put cat on parcel shelf or cardboard to stabilise it and prevent further spinal damage that could lead to paralysis. Put cat in car somewhere that it shouldn't move a lot. Get to vets and follow the previous instructions you have been given by the vet when you called them

What risks might be present in attending this animal - shock, other cars, no vets near as on motorway

What conditions might you suspect based on the scenario - shock, hypothermia (in video was during winter), broken or fractured bones, bleeding

What first aid would you provide - contact vet immediately, calm animal from shock, if possible splint the broken limb

What risks might be present?

1. Horse may be panicking and likely to be unpredictable

2. Uneven, muddy ground

3. If the horse is down and unable to get back up, this can cause internal organ damage

4. Lack of restraint equipment available

5. Whatever caused the leg injury may still be present in the field

6. Cold and wet weather may rose a risk of hypothermia to both human and horse

What injuries might you suspect?

1. Fractures

2. Ligament or tendon damage

3. Haemorrhage

4. Shock

5. Injuries to other parts of the body

6. Total or partial amputation of limb

What first aid would you provide?

1. Assess for danger

2. Check airways, breathing, circulation

3. Access restraint equipment

4. Call vet

5. Prevent blood loss by applying pressure

6. Bandage or splint if necessary

7. Cover eyes/ears to reduce stressful stimuli

8. Keep animal warm with rug or blanket

How would you transport the animal?

1. Stabilise the horse and immobilise injury

2. Low ramps for horse trailer

3. Partition the trailer to reduce weight load on injured limb

4. Face horse backwards for a foreleg injury and forwards for a hind leg injury to cushion sudden stops

5. Vet may need to sedate

6. Ensure horse is correctly restrained

The cats are fighting each other which lead to injury and harm to themselves

2.What risks might be present in attending this animal? 

Being attacked by the fighting inderviduals

3.What injuries might you suspect based on the scenarios? 

Cuts, bites, broken nails, loss of fur, puncture wound

4.What first aid would you provide? 

Apply pressure to areas that are bleeding, clean the areas with settle solution and clear, bandage wounds if necessary, remove any fur obstructing wounds

DISTRESS AND SHOCK

Cars driving on the road

Dog bitting

Getting struck by lighting

Injuries

Fractures

Concussion

Impalement

Gashes/large cuts

Bruises

Internal Bleeding

Crush injuries/ contusions

Dislocated limbs

First aid

CPR

Bandages

Splint

Move to safer location - to prevent Rutherford injury

Immobilise the animal

Keep warm put a towel/blanket

Give fluids

Add pressure - to stop/reduce haemorrhaging

Clean wounds - remove debris and foreign objects and apply antiseptic to stop infections

2) The horse being stressed out and kicking out, or attempting to run off and causing further risk to itself and others.

More trucks driving through the road

3) Shock, hemorraging, fractures, blunt trauma including penetrative or blunt and possibly some kind of burn

4) Assess the type of emergency, check the airways are maintained, make sure the hemorrhage is under control. Call the veterinary surgeon ASAP

check for signs for shock aka rapid heart rate, pale mucous membrane colour or weak pulse

either hypothermia or hyperthermia then react accordingly

if bleed is manageable try to cover it over by wrapping something around to prevent further haemorrhaging.

Try to ensure the horse stays still especially if a fracture is suspected so that further damage isn’t caused.

Danielle & Hermione

The dog is drowning and becomes exhausted to the point of not being able to hold himself afloat in the water

What risks might be present in attending this animal:

Could become aggressive if it wakes up and is in shock

What conditions might you suspect based on the scenario:

Flooded lungs

Hypothermia

What first aid would you provide:

Unblocking the airways

Chest/stomach compressions

Risks: danger for attendee on road, aggression from dog,

Possible Injuries: haemorrhage, internal bleeding, Fractures, Organ damage/failure, shock, head, neck and spinal injuries, brain damage, hypothermia, blunt force trauma

First Aid: Check for danger, Check for response, Shout for help and call vet, Ensure airways, Check breathing, Check circulation using CRT, Check mucous membrane colour, Keep animal warm with blankets, If unresponsive and no breathing or pulse begin CPR, apply pressure to any bleeding

The dog is over heating in the car and suffering with hyperthermia

2.What risks might be present in attending this animal? 

Cant break the car window and the dog may be aggressive towards a person they don't know

3.What injuries might you suspect based on the scenarios? 

Heat stroke and hyperthermia, symptoms include, vomiting, drooling, lethargy, rapid panting, distressed, lack of coordination, unconscious dead

4.What first aid would you provide? 

Cool down slowly with cool water and ice packs to the body, remove form the area give small sips of water and move to the shade

DISTRESSED AND SHOCK

A dog and wolf are fighting in wet, cold and muddy weather. Dog was bitten multiple times in the neck and face areas.

What risks might be present in attending this animal?

• aggression/anxiety

• Shock (hypervolemic)

• Withdrawal (possibility of making injury worse with movement)

• Unconsciousness

• Unsafe heart rate

  
  

What injuries may you suspect based on the scenarios?

• penetrative trauma (bacteria/infection)

• Excessive bleeding

• Heck/spine injury

• Fractures (hindlimb/tail)

• Hypothermia

• Swelling/bruising

  
  

  what first aid would you provide?

• Press down firmly on bleeding areas (neck) and bandage if possible

• Check RR and heart rate for any abnormalities

• CPR if necessary

• Splint any fractures

• Broken nail (control bleeding)

• Check for swelling

• Shock/hypothermia (dry the dog as much as possible and cover with warm towel/blanket

• horse could kick or buck at people near to it.

• horse could get hypothermia.

• amount of time the horse has been lying down leading to organ failure.

•If the horse is bitten, be aware of any nearby animals that may have caused it.

Injuries:

• limb fracture

•organ damage

•hypothermia

•internal bleeding and haemorrhaging

•Shock

•bite

•puncture wound

First aid:

• calm and relax the horse as much as possible.

• Provide blankets for warmth as well as to help stop haemorrhaging and bleeding.

• cover the horses head to assist in keeping it calm.

• Clean wound and then apply a moist dressing and the bandaging if bleeding and haemorrhaging.

• Provide splint for the fracture.

• If wound is punctured, do not remove foreign object, continue to bandage wound.

Transport to vet if needed:

• Get a horse trailer as close to the horse as possible.

•Get a number of people to lift the horse, avoiding the hind legs and the rear side, into the trailer.

•Use a frame if possible.

•The best position for the horse is to stand or to remain as upright as possible.

•Observe the horses movement at all times.

Risks: Active road, other Horse, slippery ice, scared Horse

Possible injuries: Fractures, haemorrhaging, head/ spine injury, internal bleeding, puncture wounds, blunt force trauma, Hypothermia.

Fist aid: Check for danger, Check for responce, Check heart rate and respiration rate, Check airways, apply pressure on open wounds, wet on wet bandaging for heamorrahging , Dry on wet dressing for open wounds, keep warm in blankets.

Horse is in shock so is full of adrenaline, difficult to calm it down.

Due to snow, the area is icy and cold so there is a slipping hazard and hypothermia.

Blunt force trauma, so is unstable.

Risk it will hurt itself more.

Horse could injure person trying to help.

Fracture

Internal and external bleeding

Brain damage due to hitting the ground.

Spinal cord injury

Try to move the horse off the road

Call for help, call a vet

Cover the horse with blanket to keep it warm and to avoid hypothermia.

Cover head with something to decrease stress.

If possible, clean any open and actively bleeding wounds.

Bandage any easily accessible wounds.

Take off riding equipment but keep bridle on.

Keep airways open and clear.

what injuries could the horse have?

Broken leg, hemorrhage, inflammation, bruising, torn muscles, shock, hypothermia.

some first aid you would provide?

ABC, stop bleeding, check mucus membrane, bandaging, calling vet, calling farrier, and foil blankets. If confident spilint if needed

how would u transport the horse?

trailer, lorry, stretcher.

hind legs- fowards facing

fore legs - backwards facing

What risks might be presented in attending this animal.

If dog is still in water, make sure you are not alone before attempting rescue, call for help as water may be very cold and trigger hypothermia. Currents in the water may also be strong enough to sweep you away.

What conditions might you suspect based on the scenario?

Hypothermia

Unconsciousness

Fluid in lungs so no breathing

Unable to breathe

Heart may have stopped

What first aid?

Performing cpr on the animal to get oxygen around the body to get it breathing again

clear the water out of its lungs by triggering a gag reflex or thumping the animal between the shoulder blades.

Towel/blankets or heaters to keep the animal warm

Put the dog in a recumbent lateral position for easier cpr

-didn’t finish-

2 - Check for any signs of (hypovelemic) shock, such as increased blood pressure, low output urinary, weak pulse. Haemorrhaging from lacerations/puncture and potentially penetrative wounds may be occurring and should be controlled ASAP. Broken nails. Check mucous membrane colour to shock and capillary refill time to check for signs of internal bleeding. Dog may have blunt trauma due to being thrown around as well as penetrative trauma from wolf’s canines. Important to check for signs of hypothermia due to being wet and cold, signs may include collapse or unconsciousness.

3 - Apply pressure using fingers/palm of hand to injuries to prevent animal from going into further hypovelemic shock. Ensure dog is kept warm but not hot with hot water bottles filled with warm water and dried. Bandage any wounds and ensure that they are not removed until veterinary professional has arrived.

What risks might be present in attending this animal: it is on a busy road, you risk being hit by oncoming traffic. Dog could be in pain and so could bite.

What conditions might be present: Blunt trauma, especially in the front left paw and back left paw (as evident by the limp and avoidance of putting weight on said paws). Possible bruising. Severe Grazing is possible due to the dog sliding on the asphalt. Bones could be broken due to the tumble the dog took.

What first aid would you provide: first we would move the dog away from the road using a safe carry. Then check the dog for visible injuries such as bruising, grazing (road rash) or penetration wounds. If the dog is bleeding bandage the wound (if a bandage is available). Check the dog for symptoms of shock. If the dog is in shock treat accordingly. Make sure to call a vet using the number you saved in your phone and if possible rush the dog to the vet.