https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts en-us 2021-01-01 15:04:18 UTC 2025-11-03 08:14:08 UTC hello@padlet.com tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1048222983 Emotions are reactions to provoking situations which determine our behaviour. In a lay man's term emotions are feelings. Feelings are those dimensions which speak about pleasant and unpleasant behaviour.

COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONS
1- Physiological basis of emotions - physiological changes within our bodies; shifts in heart rate, blood pressure, etc.
2- Subjective Cognitive States- the personal experience we label as emotions.
3- Expressive behaviour- outward signs of these internal reactions.]]> 2021-01-01 15:05:52 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1048222983 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1048227520 JAMES-LANGE THEORY
 - The theory was proposed by William James and physiologist Carl Lange. It is the theory based on the physiological theory of emotions. It suggests that people have a physiological response to environmental stimuli and that their interpretation of that physical response then results in an emotional experience. Various emotion-provoking events produce physiological arousal and subjective reactions occur labelled as emotions. It proposes the following sequence of events :
1- We perceive the situation that will produce emotion.
2- We react to this situation.
3- We notice our reactions. ]]> 2021-01-01 15:19:08 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1048227520 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1049874841 -The theory was proposed by Walter Canon and physiologist Philip Bard. It suggest that emotion-provoking events produce various physiological reactions and that recognition of these is responsible for subjective emotional experiences. We react to a stimulus and experience the associated emotion at the same time. The physical reactions are not dependent upon the emotional reaction, or vice versa. The physiological reactions and the activity in the brain happens simultaneously. It proposes the following sequence:
1- Perception of an environment situation which might result in emotions.
2- Patterns of activity produced in lower brain areas (eg. hypothalamus)]]> 2021-01-03 14:01:12 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1049874841 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1049906903 - Also known as the TWO-FACTOR theory of emotions. It was proposed by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer. It suggest that our subjective emotional states are determined at least in part, by the cognitive labels we attach to feelings of arousal. It proposes the following sequence of events :
1- Perception of a potential emotion producing situations.
2- An aroused bodily state which results from this perception and which is ambiguous.
3- Interpretation and labelling of the bodily state so that it fits the perceived situation.]]> 2021-01-03 14:40:25 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1049906903 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1049924674 In 1970's Paul Eckman identified 6 basic emotions that were universal and common across all culture.
1- HAPPINESS
2- SADNESS
3- FEAR
4- DISGUST
5- ANGER
6- SURPRISE]]> 2021-01-03 14:58:50 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1049924674 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1054674928 It is an internal process that activates, guide and maintain behvaiour over time. It is what causes you to act. Individuals do or behave beacause they are motivated to do so or behave in such manner.

Types of Motivation

Different types of motivation are frequently described as being either extrinsic or intrinsic:

• Extrinsic motivations are those that arise from outside of the individual and often involve rewards such as trophies, money, social recognition, or praise.
• Intrinsic motivations are those that arise from within the individual, such as doing a complicated crossword puzzle purely for the personal gratification of solving a problem.

]]> 2021-01-05 06:55:14 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1054674928 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1054695090 Needs are general wants or desires. A need is as a psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a goal and the reason for the action, giving purpose and direction to behavior.

 Two categories of Needs :
1- Biological Needs - All our bodily or organic needs fall into this category.

2- Socio-psychological Needs - Needs that are associated with the socio-cultural environment of an individual. They are acquired through social learning.]]> 2021-01-05 07:06:32 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1054695090 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1054713966 A need gives rise to a drive which may be defined as an aroused reaction tendency or a state of heightened tension that sets up activities in an individual and sustain them for increasing his general activity level.
Two categories :
1- Biological or primary drives- These arise from our biological needs such as hunger, thrist, escape from pain and sex drive.
2- Socio-psychological drives- These drives are not related to our physiological needs but rather arises from the soci-psychological needs such as need for affection, desire for approval, fear or anxiety, striving for achievement etc.]]> 2021-01-05 07:16:57 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1054713966 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1054765359 A motive is something that causes us to act or behave in order to reach a  goal or desired endpoint. It comes from the latin word that means 'moving'. A motive is the reason WHY you do something. 

Facts :
1- It is an inner state of mind or an aroused feeling.
2-It is generated through basic needs or drives.
3- It is a goal-directed activity.
4- It creates tension within the individual and compel them to act.
5-It is a preparation for responding in some selective way to the satisfaction of the related need.]]> 2021-01-05 07:44:38 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1054765359 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1067063262 I- DRIVE THEORY (PUSH) - It suggests that biological needs arising within our bodies create unpleasant states of arousal. In order to reduce the internal tension that is caused by unmet needs, we engage in certain activities in order to maintain homeostasis. Thus, according to drive theory,motivation is basically a process in which various biological needs push (drive) us to actions to satisfy these needs.

DRAWBACK - Human beings often engage in actions that increase rather than reduce various drives.]]> 2021-01-08 14:17:35 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1067063262 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1071440688 It suggests that behaviour is pulled by expectations of desirable outcomes.  is defined by the word incentive and incorporates a desire for an end result. Things that are incentives pull us towards them because the desire for them comes from within ourselves. It focuses on the outcomes which we obtain.

]]> 2021-01-10 14:36:21 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1071440688 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1071487585 It suggest that human beings seek an optimal level of arousal, not minimal level of arousal. It focuses on our general level of activation. Some people may require a higher level of arousal, which might motivate them to seek out exciting and stimulating activities. Other people may do better with much lower arousal levels, so they might feel compelled to seek out soothing and relaxing activities.]]> 2021-01-10 15:03:50 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1071487585 tulika_1991 https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1071505835 Human motives may exist in a hierarchy, so that we must satisfy those that are more basic before moving on to ones that are less linked to biological needs. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are: physiological (food and clothing), safety (job security), love and belonging needs (friendship), esteem, and self-actualization.]]> 2021-01-10 15:14:29 UTC https://padlet.com/tulika_1991/jgkjnzltzjisjts/wish/1071505835