Applied Neuroscience For Special Needs by kmk 3513 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19 Assignment 2 Mind map Summary Chapter en-us 2023-06-04 07:44:09 UTC 2023-07-25 12:13:27 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9e0.png Topic 9: Factors Affecting Neurofeedback Efficacy kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2597638530

]]> 2023-05-19 13:48:07 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2597638530 NF Training kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2597665438 2023-05-19 14:13:15 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2597665438 kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2597674737 The brain serves as the control center for human cognition, language acquisition, behavior, and emotions. Therefore, issues relating to the brain ought to include a true brain-centric element. ]]> 2023-05-19 14:21:13 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2597674737 Definition kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2597707986 The international 10-20 system is a standardized method used to place electrodes on the scalp for electroencephalography (EEG) recordings ]]> 2023-05-19 14:51:56 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2597707986 kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2597727141 This system is widely used in neuroscience and clinical research to ensure consistency and comparability across EEG studies.

]]> 2023-05-19 15:11:01 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2597727141 Task during brain mapping: kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598145424 -Reading
-Writing
-Comprehension
-Arithmetic
-Problem solving
-Eyes open and closed]]> 2023-05-20 04:40:56 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598145424 Analysis kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598147822 -By examining the varied brain frequencies at the various areas of the brain, analysis of the observed brain waves enables us to comprehend unique brain conditions. 
-This sheds light on how the brain works and reveals any irregularities that might be present. The therapists at Spectrum Learning create a suitable training program that is focused and efficient for brain training utilizing this information.]]> 2023-05-20 04:50:07 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598147822 kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598148494 2023-05-20 04:52:49 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598148494 kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598149233 2023-05-20 04:55:22 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598149233 kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598150875 -Better focus & attention span
-Reduced anxiety & stress
-Enhanced learning ability
-Better sleep quality
-Better memory]]> 2023-05-20 05:01:13 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598150875 Brain Trainer Device kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598152749 2023-05-20 05:09:27 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598152749 What is Brain Trainer device? kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598153651
  • Spectrum Brain Trainer v10c, The Brain Trainer; Spectrum Learning Brain Trainer Device – Spectrum Learning is Asia's First Neurofeedback Center.
  • Spectrum Learning is among the pioneers in neurofeedback and QEEG fields in the world. Established in 1995, Spectrum Learning neurofeedback and QEEG evolve over the years.
  • With 25 years of expertise, Spectrum Learning has grown to develop neurofeedback protocols and has a significant presence in Southeast Asia. The company's founder, Dr. Kang, has a Ph.D. in educational psychology and is a licenced neurofeedback therapist and natural health practitioner. 

    • ]]>     2023-05-20 05:13:31 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598153651     Brain Trainer-Spectrum Learning in FSCHD kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598155061
  • Require 2 or 3 desktop:
    •          - 1 for trainer to control the system
             - 1 or 2 for user NF training
    ]]>     2023-05-20 05:19:57 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598155061     kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598158856
    • On the scalp, sensors are positioned to pick up brain waves in particular places. Signals are merely measured; no signals are sent into the brain, making this safe and non-invasive.
    • The detected brainwaves are amplified and used as computer game controls. The computer game, which is activated when the student exhibits the desired brainwave patterns predetermined by the particular training procedure, is controlled by the student's brainwaves. 
    • The trainee gradually learns to control their own brain activity over the course of enough training sessions, which improves their mental abilities.



    ]]>     2023-05-20 05:37:16 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598158856     Toolbar: kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598159737 1.Trainer
    2.Clients
    3.Exercise
    4.Joystick
    5.Device

    ]]>     2023-05-20 05:40:35 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598159737     Step to use 'The Brain Trainer' apps. kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598163048 Step1: Trainer > Log in
    -Write  the input/details of the trainer Name, DOB, Gender, Race and mobile number and Save to File

    Step 2:Choose one channel (A or B)
    -Insert Write the input/details of the Client:
    -Name, DOB, Gender, Race and mobile number and   Training Objectives – maximum for 2
    -Fill the parent’s details if possible: 
    -Name, Race and mobile number Occupation and relationship
    -Save to File 

    Step 3:
    -Appear of line graph for brainwaves.
    -Select protocol and choose the required brainwaves – Alpha, Beta, Delta and Theta
    -Without selection of any protocol of brainwaves, the result and out will show all type of waves

    Step 4:Selection of suitable game
    -Toys, Flash Games, Bubble Popper, Snaka Zoid Game, Bugz Game and Toridon
    -Games are not fixed and other training games can be downloaded

    Step 5:Training Mode
    -The games can be played as single or dual player
    -Option for training mode are
    -Require monitor/desktop for:
    1.Trainer
    2.Client 1
    3.Client 2
    ]]>     2023-05-20 05:53:24 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598163048     Definition kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598670496 Efficacy: the ability especially of a medicine or method of achieving something to produce the intended results.

    Effectiveness: refers to the applicability or clinical utility.

    ]]>     2023-05-21 07:31:13 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598670496     There are 5 categories of factors that influencing the efficacy of NF: kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598671819 - Methodological
    - Technical
    - Demographic
    - Quality of the Signal
    - Acquisition]]>     2023-05-21 07:35:39 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598671819     Factors Influencing NFT kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598793926 1. Number of Sessions
    • As expected, the number of sessions was found to be significant. 
    • For instance, using several univariate regressions without correction for multiple testing (Arns et al., 2009), stated that performing less than 20 NFB sessions leads to smaller effects. 
    • Similarly, Vernon et al. (2004) observed that positive EEG and behavioral performance changes occurred after a minimum of 20 sessions. 
    • However, Enriquez-Geppert et al. (2017) insisted that the number of sessions should be carefully chosen in order to avoid “overtraining.” 

    2. Quality of EEG Equipment
    • Recording EEG in good conditions can lead to better output or results. 
    • This is because better signal quality enables a more accurate extraction of EEG patterns linked to ADHD.
    • Hence leads to better learning and therapeutic efficacy (Congedo et al., 2004).

    3. Intensive Training
    • It appears that the longer the course of treatment, the less efficient it becomes. 
    • Arguably, the treatment length is a proxy for treatment intensity, suggesting that a shorter period of treatment is more likely to succeed because the frequency of the sessions is higher.

    4. Personalized Training
    • Pimenta et al, 2021 indicated that the long-term effects of personalized NF interventions were superior to non-personalized NF and comparable to those of medication alone or in combination with behavioral intervention. 
    • The analysis of open-label trials further indicates that the interaction of NF with parental interventions, sleep, and nutritional advice might yield superior clinical effectiveness. 

    ]]>     2023-05-21 12:48:57 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598793926     Possibly Factors kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598801745 1. Location
    • Minder et al., (2018) suggest that the subject location of the NFT training may also be an important contributory factor to clinical effectiveness.  
    • However, this has been challenged by a recent study showing that performing NFT at school or at the clinic has no significant impact on treatment response. 

    2. Reported Person
    • Teachers show a report of lower improvement compared to parents where the teacher’s report may be correct. 
    • The data presented also suggest that the probably blind assessment of teachers may not be considered a good proxy for blind assessments.

    ]]>     2023-05-21 13:04:30 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598801745     kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598846569 The International 10-20 system is a method used to standardize the placement of electrodes on the scalp for electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. It provides a framework for dividing the scalp into specific regions based on the distances between anatomical landmarks.

    ]]>     2023-05-21 14:29:47 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598846569     kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598878150 2023-05-21 15:27:49 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598878150 kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598883222 2023-05-21 15:37:52 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598883222 kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598888569 - The scalp is divided into four major divisions: Frontal, Central, Parietal, and Occipital.


    ]]>     2023-05-21 15:48:14 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598888569     kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598889028 -  Each division is further divided into regions: Fp (Frontopolar), F (Frontal), C (Central), P (Parietal), and O (Occipital).

    ]]>     2023-05-21 15:49:06 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598889028     kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598897272 -  Letters: Positions on the left hemisphere are labelled with odd numbers (e.g., F3, C3, P3), while positions on the right hemisphere are labelled with even numbers (e.g., F4, C4, P4).
    -  Numbers: The numbers represent specific anatomical landmarks and indicate the approximate distance from those landmarks.
    -   Odd numbers: Positions are located halfway between adjacent landmarks (e.g., F3 is halfway between Fz and F7).
    -  Even numbers: Positions are located two-thirds of the distance between adjacent landmarks (e.g., F4 is two-thirds between Fz and F8).

    ]]>     2023-05-21 16:02:55 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598897272     kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598898844 -  Electrodes placed along the midline of the scalp are labeled with "z" (e.g., Fz, Cz, Pz, Oz).
    -  "z" indicates that the electrode is placed exactly at the midline.

    ]]>     2023-05-21 16:06:00 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2598898844     kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2606322937 Monopolar: An EEG measurement from the scalp to a neutral spot, such as the ear. Neurofeedback: The type of biofeedback training that uses EEG, or the brain wave, as the signal to control feedback. Sensors are placed on the scalp to record brainwaves. These are then converted into feedback signals via computer software]]> 2023-05-26 15:32:38 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2606322937 Neurofeedback Session – Unipolar & Bipolar Montage kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607675954 2023-05-29 07:50:59 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607675954 UNIPOLAR kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607678040 1 active electrode and 1 reference electrode

    ]]>     2023-05-29 07:53:43 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607678040     BIPOLAR kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607679253 minimum 2 electrodes and 1 reference electrode (usual practice)]]> 2023-05-29 07:55:16 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607679253 Unipolar Montage kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607680233 - Active electrode placed on the skull
    - Recorded signal compared to the reference electrode
    - Activity of active electrode minus activity of reference electrode represents brain activity at the active electrode]]>     2023-05-29 07:56:29 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607680233     Bipolar Montage kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607681123 - Two separate active electrodes placed on the skull
    - Difference between recorded signals from the two electrodes forms the basis of neurofeedback
    - Advantages of bipolar recording:
    - Common mode rejection occurs, reducing external artifacts
    - Spatial selectivity is improved
    - Reduction of eye roll and blink artifacts]]>     2023-05-29 07:57:47 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607681123     Discussion about selection of bipolar montage kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607682564 - Bipolar montage optimizes common mode rejection and cancels out bursts of common EMG activity
    - Training with real-time EEG and fewer EMG artifacts
    - Active sensors placed at CPz and CFz (midway between Cz and Pz, Cz and Fz respectively)
    - Montage chosen based on greatest difference between theta and beta
    - Monitor should be in progress with bipolar montage]]>     2023-05-29 07:59:03 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607682564     About neuronal and Synapse kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607933725 The human brain is made up of around 86 billion neurons that "talk" to one another via a mix of electrical and chemical messages.
    Synapses are the points at which neurons connect and interact with one another. Each neuron contains a few to hundreds of thousands of synaptic connections, which might be with itself, neighbouring neurons, or neurons in distant parts of the brain. A synapse is made up of two terminals: presynaptic and postsynaptic.

    ]]>     2023-05-29 14:13:02 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607933725     kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607938958 The structure beneath the skull regulates all human bodily processes. The cranium (the bones that constitute the skull) protects the brain, which is made up of numerous billions of nerve cells. It consists of three key components: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.]]> 2023-05-29 14:19:40 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607938958 kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607954535 2023-05-29 14:39:13 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607954535 Biofeedback kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607962156 Biofeedback is a self-regulation approach in which patients learn to manage previously considered to be uncontrollable bodily functions. This technique necessitates the use of specialist equipment to transform physiological information into relevant visual and aural cues, as well as the supervision of a skilled biofeedback practitioner. ]]> 2023-05-29 14:49:21 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607962156 Neurofeedback kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607980418 Neurofeedback is a treatment procedure that uses a computing device, specialized software, and sensors to collect biological data and an electroencephalogram (EEG) to collect information about brain waves. This data comprises the measurement of brain waves in specific locations as well as whether or not brain waves are coordinated harmoniously. 

    ]]>     2023-05-29 15:14:54 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607980418     How neurons work? kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607984255 Neurons interact by transferring chemicals called neurotransmitters through a small area throughout the axons and dendrites of the closest neurons called a synapse. 


    ]]>     2023-05-29 15:20:12 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607984255     How EEG measures electrical activity of brain kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607988392 Electroencephalography (EEG) is the non-invasive measuring of the electrical charges in the brain. Electrodes attached to the scalp measure voltage potentials caused by current flow in and around neurons. EEG has been around for almost a century, which has given it a wide range of uses.


    ]]>     2023-05-29 15:26:30 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2607988392     Neurofeedback Training kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612651396 1)NFT method- assist subject to control their brain waves consciously.
    2)NFT treatment focus on the alpha,beta, theta,gamma treatment



    ]]>     2023-06-02 06:25:35 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612651396     Brain Waves kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612665626 -Recognized by the amplitudes & frequencies.
    -Measured by the number of waves, per second (H2)
    -Amplitude measured by mirovolt
    -Delta (1-4 H2) eg: sleep,unawareness
    -Theta  (4-8 H2) eg:creativity, insight
    -Alpha (8-13 H2) eg: Alertness,REadiness
    -Beta (13-30 H2) eg: thinking, focussing
    -Gama (30-100 H2) eg: learning,brain activity]]>     2023-06-02 06:41:25 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612665626     kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612668361 2023-06-02 06:44:34 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612668361 EEG electrode placement kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612680322 -(10-20) "standardizing areas of the skull"
    -The letter F,P,T,O and C - related to frontal,parietal,temporal,occipital & central areas, respectively
    -Odd number ( left brain) , Even number (right brain)
    -Letter Z use as Pz suggest that the scalp location falls along the central line running between the nasion & inion.
    -FP1 (left poles) All odd number , FP2 (right poles) All even number
    -A1 and A2     are the left right regions of vestibular (ear)
    -Z- midline     (small number close to midline while big number away from midline)]]>     2023-06-02 06:57:41 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612680322     Brain lobes with their functions and areas kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612683206 2023-06-02 07:01:33 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612683206 Summary of Neurofeedback treatment studies on epilepsy that the result was the remission kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612684806 2023-06-02 07:03:44 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612684806 kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612685607 2023-06-02 07:04:39 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2612685607 Brain Waves kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613075058
    Here are the main types of brain waves and their associated characteristics:
    1. Beta Waves: High-frequency brain waves (13-30 Hz) associated with wakefulness, alertness, and active thinking.
    2. Alpha Waves: Slightly lower frequency waves (8-12 Hz) observed during relaxed states with closed eyes, associated with calmness and relaxation.
    3. Theta Waves: Waves with a frequency of 4-7 Hz observed during deep relaxation, daydreaming, light sleep, and associated with creativity and meditation.
    4. Delta Waves: Slowest brain waves (0.5-4 Hz) observed during deep sleep or meditative states, linked to restorative sleep and unconscious processes.
    5. Gamma Waves: Highest frequency brain waves (>30 Hz) associated with higher cognitive processes, attention, and information processing.
    ]]>     2023-06-02 15:45:57 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613075058     Why EEG kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613082525 EEG (Electroencephalography) is used for:
    1. Diagnosing and monitoring epilepsy.
    2. Sleep research and studying sleep disorders.
    3. Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) for controlling devices with brain activity.
    4. Investigating cognitive processes and brain-behavior relationships.
    5. Neurofeedback therapy for self-regulation of brain activity.
    6. Research on brain function and neural networks.

    In summary, EEG is used for diagnosing conditions, studying brain function, monitoring sleep and anesthesia, and advancing our understanding of the brain and neurological disorders.
    ]]>     2023-06-02 15:57:13 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613082525     Topic 2: Basic Concepts of EEG kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613812444 2023-06-04 07:50:10 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613812444 What is EEG? kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613812607 EEG (electroencephalography) is a technique that measures and records the electrical activity of the brain. It involves placing electrodes on the scalp to detect the brain's electrical signals. These signals are displayed as waveforms called electroencephalograms. EEG is used to diagnose and monitor neurological conditions like epilepsy, sleep disorders, and brain injuries. It is also used in research to study brain function and cognition. EEG provides valuable insights into the brain's electrical activity and functioning.]]> 2023-06-04 07:50:47 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613812607 How was EEG works? kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613813033
  • Electrical Activity: The brain generates electrical signals through neurons' communication.
  • Electrode Placement: Electrodes are placed on the scalp to detect these electrical signals.
  • Signal Detection: Electrodes pick up the weak electrical currents from the brain.
  • Signal Amplification: Amplifiers increase the amplitude of the signals for better detection.
  • Signal Processing: Digital filters remove unwanted frequencies and noise from the signals.
  • Digital Conversion: The signals are converted from analog to digital format for analysis.
  • Data Storage and Analysis: The digitized signals are stored and analyzed using specialized software.
  • Visualization and Interpretation: EEG signals are visualized as waveforms or spectrograms, aiding in interpreting brain activity and identifying patterns or abnormalities.

    • This concise explanation provides a brief overview of how EEG works to detect and analyze the electrical activity of the brain.


    ]]>     2023-06-04 07:52:34 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613813033     Topic 3: Neuronal and Synaptic Functions kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613813706 2023-06-04 07:55:42 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613813706 Topic 4: Introduction to brain trainer device kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613814436 2023-06-04 07:58:54 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613814436 Topic 8: Neurofeedback sessions(Monopolar) kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613815940 2023-06-04 08:04:39 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613815940 Topic 5: International 10-20 system kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613816328 2023-06-04 08:06:26 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613816328 Brain Mapping kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613816700 2023-06-04 08:07:51 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613816700 DEFINITION OF MONOPOLAR kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613817294 - Monopolar refers to a configuration or setup where a single electrode is used in combination with a reference electrode. It is a term commonly used in various fields, including medical procedures, electrical engineering, and neurofeedback. In the context of neurofeedback, monopolar typically refers to a specific electrode placement technique where one electrode is positioned at a specific location on the scalp to measure the electrical activity of the brain, while a reference electrode is placed elsewhere. The monopolar configuration allows for the recording and analysis of brainwave signals to provide feedback for neurofeedback training.

    ]]>     2023-06-04 08:09:49 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613817294     Topic 6: Setting the protocol kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613817761 2023-06-04 08:11:32 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613817761 kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613818809
  • Benefits: This section highlights the potential benefits of neurofeedback sessions (monopolar) such as improved focus, reduced anxiety, enhanced cognitive performance, etc.
  • Monopolar Neurofeedback: This section provides an overview of the monopolar neurofeedback technique, which involves the use of electrodes and specific placement for training sessions.
  • Procedure: This section describes the key elements of the neurofeedback procedure, including electrode placement and setup.
  • Training Sessions: This subsection focuses on the actual training sessions where the individual receives feedback based on their brain activity.
  • Monitoring: This subsection emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring during the neurofeedback sessions to track the individual's brainwave patterns.
  • EEG Data Analysis: This subsection highlights the analysis of EEG (electroencephalogram) data collected during the sessions to gain insights into brainwave patterns and make informed adjustments to the training.


    • ]]>     2023-06-04 08:15:03 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613818809     kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613819258 download if cant to open this video

    ]]>     2023-06-04 08:16:39 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613819258     kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613820929 -Monopolar (also termed common reference or unipolar) electrode placement re- fers to the condition in which one recording electrode (the reference electrode) is removed to a point where less, or none, of the activity of interest is reflected in the recording (e.g., one EEG electrode on the scalp)]]> 2023-06-04 08:22:13 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613820929 kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613821777 2023-06-04 08:24:52 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613821777 Example of First Human EEG kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613823653 2023-06-04 08:32:01 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613823653 Other neuroimaging techniques kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613824115 There are several other neuroimaging techniques used to study the structure and function of the brain. Here are some notable ones:
    1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of brain structure.
    2. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Measures blood flow and oxygen levels to detect brain activity and study brain function.
    3. Positron Emission Tomography (PET): Involves injecting a radioactive tracer to measure brain metabolism and study various brain disorders.
    ]]>     2023-06-04 08:33:32 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613824115     Advantages of EEG kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613828265
  • High temporal resolution, capturing rapid changes in brain activity.
  • Non-invasive and comfortable for subjects.
  • Cost-effective compared to other neuroimaging techniques.
  • Portable and flexible for various environments.
  • Wide range of applications in clinical and research settings.
  • Direct measure of neural activity.
  • Real-time monitoring for immediate feedback and adjustments.

    • In summary, EEG offers the advantages of high temporal resolution, non-invasiveness, cost-effectiveness, portability, diverse applications, direct measurement of neural activity, and real-time monitoring.

    ]]>     2023-06-04 08:47:32 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613828265     Topic 7: Neurofeedback sessions(Bipolar) kmk3513sem2 https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613829887 2023-06-04 08:53:10 UTC https://padlet.com/group6_KMK3513_A2/jfyqaz1rkds8qy19/wish/2613829887