Corinth's government switched from a tyranny to a monarchy to a oligarchy. Corinth had great leader so they became one of the best city-states. The city also housed many heroes like bellerophon and theseus this led to good press among the different cities.

 Sparta has two gods these two were Ares and Artemis. Ares was the god of war and Artemis was the goddess of the hunt. This affected their culture and job specialization because the Spartans became a warrior society much like Ares. The Spartans also hunts for land like how they conquered the land of the mycenaeans which is much like Artermis. These two gods had a big impact to the Spartans because both of these gods reflects on Sparta's fighting and war attitude. Sparta also matches to their gods in terms of their advancements in their military strategies, military might and their advanced weaponry.

 One of the major rival of Sparta is Athens the war that they had was called the Peloponnesean war. The roots of their rivalry was because in the 5th century BCE Sparta and Athens were the two major powers in Greece and it was possible  that their spheres of influence would overlap and cause conflict. Sparta seems to have been particularly affected at the quick growing power of Athens, able to build a bigger fleet of ships because of the tributes from its allies and dependants. Sparta was also suspicious of the Athenians' project to rebuild their Long Wall fortifications which protected their harbour of Piraeus. On the other hand, Sparta was also concerned that inaction would push the other major Greek power, Corinth, to side with Athens.

 Sparta’s government is unique compared to the others because Sparta was ruled by two kings. These kings would lead the army in times of war. In addition to the kings, there were five ephors (magistrates) that were elected from aristocratic families. Sparta also had a council that created laws. The council was made up of the two kings and twenty-eight elders. The elders had to be sixty years old or older to qualify for the position. These leaders took the laws to an assembly made up of citizens for an up–or-down vote without discussion or alterations. The only way to become a citizen of Sparta was to be a descendent of the original Doric invaders who settled the city. This requirement caused the number of citizens usually to not exceed six or seven thousand at any time. Non-citizens outnumbered citizens, but they were kept in check by the strong military that the Spartan government had created.

Sources

-Ralic-Hanrahan, A. (n.d.). Geography OF sPARTA. Retrieved July 18, 2016, from https://prezi.com/hz5oawi5phle/geography-of-sparta/

-Peloponnesian War. (n.d.). Retrieved July 18, 2016, from http://www.ancient.eu/Peloponnesian_War/

-(n.d.). Retrieved July 18, 2016, from https://www.pbs.org/empires/thegreeks/background/8b_p1.html

-Landrum, E. (n.d.). How The Greek Gods Affected the Ancient Greeks. Retrieved July 19, 2016, from https://prezi.com/ci0zm84rygbw/how-the-greek-gods-affected-the-ancient-greeks/

Second, Greece's mountainous terrain led to the development of the polis (city-state), beginning about 750 B.C.E. The high mountains made it very difficult for people to travel or communicate. Therefore, each polis developed independently and, often, very differently from one another. Eventually, the polis became the structure by which people organized themselves. Athens and Sparta are two good examples of city-states that contrasted greatly with each other.

Source :Ancient civilizations.com

Ares, God of War. This God closely resembles Sparta's fighting nature. Sparta is famous for its advances in military strategy and strong military might, closely matching its patron God. Another major event that the Gods had a serious impact on is the Trojan War. The war supposedly started when Aphrodite, Goddess of beauty, promised Paris, the prince of Troy, Helen's hand. Helen was already married to Menelaus, King of Sparta. After Paris took Helen, the siege of Troy started. Menelaus and the rest of the Greeks fought against Troy. Athena, Hera and Poseidon frequently helped the Greeks, while Aphrodite and Ares defended the city of Troy. The Greeks had a hard time trying to penetrate Troy because of the city walls. After a bloody nine years, the Greeks had the idea to pull the wooden horse trick that is so famous. The Greeks' trick was to build a giant wooden horse that they secretly hollowed out, and left it as a gift of surrender. Really, they had loaded their soldiers into the horse. When the Trojans took it into their city, the Greeks jumped out and claimed their victory. Obviously, the Greek Gods influenced the Greek people, their culture, and history in many ways

Source :Prezi.com

In ancient Greece, the great rival of Athens was Sparta. The city-state and its surrounding territory were located on the Peloponnesus, a peninsula southwest of Athens. Sparta (also called Lacedaemon) was the capital of the district of Laconia.

World History Center

Source : Worldhistory.com

The Spartan political system was unusual in that it had two hereditary kings from two separate families. These monarchs were particularly powerful when one of them led the army on campaign. The kings were also priests of Zeus and they sat on the council of elders known as the gerousia. This body consisted of 28 over-60 years of age males who held the position for life. The gerousia led the citizen assembly, probably proposing issues on which to vote and it was also the highest court in Sparta. The assembly (Ekklēsia) met once a month and was open to all citizens who voted by the simple method of shouting. There was also an executive committee of five ephors (ephoroi) chosen by lot from the citizen body, able only to serve for a maximum of one year and who were ineligible for future office. Two of the ephors also accompanied one of the kings when on campaign. Just how these different political elements interacted is not known for certain but clearly a degree of consensus was necessary for the state apparatus to function. It may also explain Sparta’s reputation as being a conservative state slow to make decisions in foreign policy.  

Source: Ancienthistory.com

Macedonia seceded from Yugoslavia and became a sovereign state by a popular referendum held in September 1991 when the majority of voters chose independence. Greece immediately demanded from the international community not to recognise the country under its name Macedonia. The Macedonian government is called the Parliamentary republic.

http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/MacedonianGreekConflict/conflict.html

http://history-of-macedonia.com/2007/04/20/religion-in-ancient-macedonia/

Read more http://history-of-macedonia.com/2007/04/20/religion-in-ancient-macedonia/

Read more http://history-of-macedonia.com/2007/04/20/religion-in-ancient-macedonia/

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenian_democracy
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2-The patron god of Thebes was Dionysus, also called Bacchus and Iacchos. He is the "God of wine" because of this the people made a production of wine.                                                                                            3-Thebes was a powerful and influential city-state of Ancient Greece. History tells us that Thebes was originally of Greek origin and was there before the dark ages. Their constant rivals are Athens and Sparta. The Thebes sided up with Persians and  defeated the spartans at Thermopylae. The Greeks defeated the Persians, they had punished Thebes by depriving it of the presidency of the Boeotian league. Thebes re-emerged in Peloponnesian War and sided with Spartans against Athens and won. 4- They created a kingdom and needed to run it with organization so that they could manage trade and many other things.

This conflict, the Peloponnesian War, essentially was a 28-year period of on and off civil war among Greek city-states. (A city-state was a city, such as Athens, and the surrounding country under its influence and protection; Athens and its surrounding area, known as Attica, was about the size of Rhode Island). Sparta had a clear military advantage on land, but the Athenian navy surpassed Sparta’s capabilities at sea; neither side was able to seize and maintain the upper hand. Both sides experienced major victories and crushing defeats, and the war was frequently interrupted by periods of negotiated peace. The war ended in 404 BC with the defeat of Athens and its democracy.

http://www.diffen.com/difference/Athens_vs_Sparta

3.Compared to the simple lifestyle of the Spartan people, Athenians had a very modern and open outlook. Unlike Sparta, in Athens, boys were not forced to join the army. As an Athenian, one could get a good education and could pursue several kinds of arts and sciences. Sparta people were not open to education and they only concentrated on military strength and obedience and they didn't interact much with the outside world.
Athens and Sparta differed in their ideas of getting along with the rest of the Greek empires. Sparta seemed to be content with themselves and provided their army whenever required. That is why it considered itself as the protector of the Greek. On the other hand, Athens wanted to take control of more and more land in Greece. This idea eventually led to war between the Greeks. Sparta had a powerful army and Athens knew that they could not beat them but they had the power of a naval unit which Sparta didn’t have.

What the two communities had in common was that they were both thinkers. They worshiped their gods and respected people. They loved beauty, music, literature, drama, philosophy, politics, art, and sports. It could be said that some even loved battle itself. 

Where they differed was that while the Spartans had militaristic values, Athenians were democratic. The Spartans emphasized only on expanding their power and gaining control over other kingdoms while the Athenians also grew infrastructure wise in ancient times. They understood the importance of such growth and concentrated on them besides on military strength.

Athens has been continuously inhabited for at least 3,000 years, becoming the leading city of ancient Greece in the first millennium BCE; its cultural achievements during the 5th century BCE laid the foundations of western civilization. During the Middle Ages, the city experienced decline and then recovery under the Byzantine Empire, and was relatively prosperous during the Crusades, as they benefitted from Italian trade. After a long period of decline under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Athens reemerged in the 19th century as the capital of the independent Greek state.

Tradition relates that Sparta was founded by its first king, Lacedaemon, son of Zeus and Taygete, who named the city after his wife, the daughter of Eurotas, around 1000 BCE. Some eighty years after the Trojan War, according to the traditional chronology, Dorian migration from the north took place and eventually led to the rise of classical Sparta — famous as a martial power, foe of the Persian Empire, and eventual conqueror of Athens. After conquering many kingdoms and warring with many communities, Sparta spread to a major empire around 400 BCE. This was also the time of Athens' fall, which proclaimed Sparta superior in the constant war of the two empires. In medieval times, the city of Sparta was destroyed by many invasions. Modern day Sparta, which is known as Sparti in Greece, was rebuilt around 1834.

Athens has been continuously inhabited for at least 3,000 years, becoming the leading city of ancient Greece in the first millennium BCE; its cultural achievements during the 5th century BCE laid the foundations of western civilization. During the Middle Ages, the city experienced decline and then recovery under the Byzantine Empire, and was relatively prosperous during the Crusades, as they benefitted from Italian trade. After a long period of decline under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Athens reemerged in the 19th century as the capital of the independent Greek state.

Tradition relates that Sparta was founded by its first king, Lacedaemon, son of Zeus and Taygete, who named the city after his wife, the daughter of Eurotas, around 1000 BCE. Some eighty years after the Trojan War, according to the traditional chronology, Dorian migration from the north took place and eventually led to the rise of classical Sparta — famous as a martial power, foe of the Persian Empire, and eventual conqueror of Athens. After conquering many kingdoms and warring with many communities, Sparta spread to a major empire around 400 BCE. This was also the time of Athens' fall, which proclaimed Sparta superior in the constant war of the two empires. In medieval times, the city of Sparta was destroyed by many invasions. Modern day Sparta, which is known as Sparti in Greece, was rebuilt around 1834.

Athens has been continuously inhabited for at least 3,000 years, becoming the leading city of ancient Greece in the first millennium BCE; its cultural achievements during the 5th century BCE laid the foundations of western civilization. During the Middle Ages, the city experienced decline and then recovery under the Byzantine Empire, and was relatively prosperous during the Crusades, as they benefitted from Italian trade. After a long period of decline under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Athens reemerged in the 19th century as the capital of the independent Greek state.

Tradition relates that Sparta was founded by its first king, Lacedaemon, son of Zeus and Taygete, who named the city after his wife, the daughter of Eurotas, around 1000 BCE. Some eighty years after the Trojan War, according to the traditional chronology, Dorian migration from the north took place and eventually led to the rise of classical Sparta — famous as a martial power, foe of the Persian Empire, and eventual conqueror of Athens. After conquering many kingdoms and warring with many communities, Sparta spread to a major empire around 400 BCE. This was also the time of Athens' fall, which proclaimed Sparta superior in the constant war of the two empires. In medieval times, the city of Sparta was destroyed by many invasions. Modern day Sparta, which is known as Sparti in Greece, was rebuilt around 1834.

Athens has been continuously inhabited for at least 3,000 years, becoming the leading city of ancient Greece in the first millennium BCE; its cultural achievements during the 5th century BCE laid the foundations of western civilization. During the Middle Ages, the city experienced decline and then recovery under the Byzantine Empire, and was relatively prosperous during the Crusades, as they benefitted from Italian trade. After a long period of decline under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Athens reemerged in the 19th century as the capital of the independent Greek state.

Tradition relates that Sparta was founded by its first king, Lacedaemon, son of Zeus and Taygete, who named the city after his wife, the daughter of Eurotas, around 1000 BCE. Some eighty years after the Trojan War, according to the traditional chronology, Dorian migration from the north took place and eventually led to the rise of classical Sparta — famous as a martial power, foe of the Persian Empire, and eventual conqueror of Athens. After conquering many kingdoms and warring with many communities, Sparta spread to a major empire around 400 BCE. This was also the time of Athens' fall, which proclaimed Sparta superior in the constant war of the two empires. In medieval times, the city of Sparta was destroyed by many invasions. Modern day Sparta, which is known as Sparti in Greece, was rebuilt around 1834.