20 - The rights recovery movement was served to protect the railway system from being nationalized towards foreign banks in order to conserve local rights. This movement served as the prelude towards the de-establishment of the Qing dynasty as it highlighted much dissent within the citizens of China. The protests were lead by the Szechuan Elite who "violently defied' the orders of the Qing government in protest.

17. Wu Ting Fang was born in Singapore and went to a British school in Hong Kong and became a court interpreter and newspaper editor, then studied law in London becoming the first Chinese barrister. Wu became Hong Kong’s first Chinese to practice law and serve the Legislative Council. Wu joined Li Hongzhang’s staff, setting up training schools and railway and got into diplomacy. 

18. Provinces were defined by culture and history, set apart by their dialects, cuisines and their economic and strategic geography and their common bonds of folklore and tradition, and class.

22.  

The origins of warlordism was the Chinese ruling stratum, which lead to the oppression of the peasants and by the 1920s, peasants were basically slaves to the landlords. This occurred through the introduction the reforms, villages found themselves more heavily taxed to pay for modern schools, roads, armies and industries. New China lead to raise in tax rates which essentially squeezed the peasantry before they received any benefit.