https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas Made with the strength to succeed en-us 2016-12-05 20:53:33 UTC 2025-10-02 21:35:22 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Send.png janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/141886746
1- Inputs/ outputs (reactants vs products) 
2- Chemical formula 
3- Chloroplast 
4- Light-Dependent Cycle
5- Calvin Cycle
6- How light energy is transformed into chemical energy ]]> 2016-12-05 21:07:31 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/141886746 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/141887329  inputs: carbon dioxide, water, light(photon) 
outputs: carbohydrate(usually glucose), oxygen, heat]]> 2016-12-05 21:10:02 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/141887329 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/141888311  6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2.]]> 2016-12-05 21:15:46 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/141888311 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143031321 Light energy is converted to chemical energy when a photochemically excited special chlorophyll molecule of the photosynthetic reaction center loses an electron, undergoing an oxidation reaction.]]> 2016-12-12 01:33:02 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143031321 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143031527 The law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time, as system mass cannot change quantity if it is not added or removed. Hence, the quantity of mass is "conserved" over time.]]> 2016-12-12 01:38:10 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143031527 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032110 law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant—it is said to be conserved over time. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it transforms from one form to another.]]> 2016-12-12 01:53:38 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032110 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032155 law of conservation of mass states that the total amount of mass remains constant in an isolated system in spite of any physical or chemical changes that may take place.]]> 2016-12-12 01:54:54 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032155 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032215 The grand total remains constant, but energy regularly changes form into matter and matter into energy.]]> 2016-12-12 01:56:23 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032215 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032340 2016-12-12 01:58:30 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032340 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032379 They use it to react carbon dioxide with water to make a sugar called glucose. The glucose is used in respiration, or converted into starch and stored. Oxygen is produced as a by-product. ]]> 2016-12-12 01:59:32 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032379 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032423 Image result for co2 emissions
Global Warming Potential (100-year): 1. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities. In 2014, CO2 accounted for about 80.9% of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.]]> 2016-12-12 02:00:22 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032423 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032575

]]> 2016-12-12 02:03:21 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032575 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032936 2016-12-12 02:08:08 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143032936 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143033105 2016-12-12 02:11:06 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143033105 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143033424 Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. While water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water.]]> 2016-12-12 02:17:31 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143033424 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143033522  In photosynthesis, plants constantly absorb and release atmospheric gases in a way that creates sugar for food. This process plays a critical role in maintaining a healthy, life-promoting atmosphere.]]> 2016-12-12 02:19:06 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143033522 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143033648 The production of energy requires oxygen. The electron transport chain, where the majority of ATP is formed, requires a large input of oxygen. However, many organisms have developed strategies to carry out metabolism without oxygen, or can switch from aerobic to anaerobic cell respiration when oxygen is scarce.

Source: Boundless. “Anaerobic Cellular Respiration.” Boundless Biology Boundless, 26 May. 2016. Retrieved 12 Dec. 2016 from https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/cellular-respiration-7/metabolism-without-oxygen-77/anaerobic-cellular-respiration-365-11591/]]> 2016-12-12 02:21:30 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143033648 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143033680 They collect energy from the sun and use carbon dioxide and water in the process called photosynthesis to produce sugars]]> 2016-12-12 02:22:20 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143033680 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143035050 While photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, cellular respiration requires oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. It is the released oxygen that is used by us and most other organisms for cellular respiration. ... The carbon cycle is the pathways through which carbon is recycled in the biosphere.]]> 2016-12-12 02:51:07 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143035050 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143490035 2016-12-13 21:04:11 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143490035 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143972506 The overall function of light-dependent reactions, the first stage of photosynthesis, is to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP, which are used in light-independent reactions and fuel the assembly of sugar molecules.]]> 2016-12-16 00:15:10 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/143972506 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144139333 the krebs cycle is so named to honor hans krebs. he was a german-british scientist who was largely responsible for working out the path way in the 1930's]]> 2016-12-16 20:51:09 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144139333 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144390883 2016-12-19 21:01:07 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144390883 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144391369 in the thylakoid of the chloroplast is where the light dependent reaction is taking place]]> 2016-12-19 21:06:00 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144391369 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144391574 the calivn cycle takes place in the stroma]]> 2016-12-19 21:07:53 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144391574 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144391697 2016-12-19 21:09:38 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144391697 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144392001 an autotroph makes its own food also known as a producer or plant.]]> 2016-12-19 21:13:49 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144392001 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144392138 proteins lipids carbohydrates and nucleic acids.]]> 2016-12-19 21:15:23 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144392138 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144399354 Light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, use light energy to make ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle, which takes place in the stroma, uses energy derived from these compounds to make GA3P from CO2.]]> 2016-12-19 23:33:11 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144399354 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144399692 Although the light-independent reactions do not use light as a reactant (and as a result can take place at day or night), they require the products of the light-dependent reactions to function. The light-independent molecules depend on the energy carrier molecules, ATP and NADPH, to drive the construction of new carbohydrate molecules. After the energy is transferred, the energy carrier molecules return to the light-dependent reactions to obtain more energized electrons. In addition, several enzymes of the light-independent reactions are activated by light. 

]]> 2016-12-19 23:40:42 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144399692 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144399819 In the Calvin cycle, carbon atoms from \text {CO}_2CO
​2
​​ C, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript are fixed (incorporated into organic molecules) and used to build three-carbon sugars. This process is fueled by, and dependent on, ATP and NADPH from the light reactions. Unlike the light reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, the reactions of the Calvin cycle take place in the stroma (the inner space of chloroplasts).]]> 2016-12-19 23:43:49 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144399819 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144399915

]]> 2016-12-19 23:45:29 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144399915 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144399935 The light reactions use solar energy to make ATP and NADPH, which funcrtion as chemical energy and reducing power respectively, in the Calvin cycle.(notice that in contrast to ATP generated by cellular respiration, ATP produced in the light reactions of photosynthesis is usually dedicated to a single kind of cellular work, driving the Calvin cycle.) The Calvin cycle incorperates CO2 into organic molecules. Thylakoid membranes, especially those of the grana, are the sites of the light reactions, whereas the Calvin cycle occurs in the stoma.]]> 2016-12-19 23:45:56 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144399935 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144400074 Other names for light-independent reactions include the Calvin cycle, the Calvin-Benson cycle, and dark reactions. The most outdated name is dark reactions, which can be misleading because it implies incorrectly that the reaction only occurs at night or is independent of light, which is why most scientists and instructors no longer
use it.]]> 2016-12-19 23:47:46 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144400074 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144401050 6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> C6H12O6+ 6O2]]> 2016-12-20 00:06:16 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144401050 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144401114 In the Light Independent Process, carbon dioxide from the atmosphere (or water for aquatic/marine organisms) is captured and modified by the addition of Hydrogen to form carbohydrates (general formula of carbohydrates is [CH2O]n). The incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds is known as carbon fixation. The energy for this comes from the first phase of the photosynthetic process. Living systems cannot directly utilize light energy, but can, through a complicated series of reactions, convert it into C-C bond energy that can be released by glycolysis and other metabolic processes.]]> 2016-12-20 00:07:46 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144401114 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144401258 Light energy is converted into chemical energy in a multiprotein complex called a photosystem. Two types of photosystems, photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), are found in the thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast . Each photosystem consists of multiple antenna proteins that contain a mixture of 300–400 chlorophyll a and b molecules, as well as other pigments like carotenoids. Cytochrome b6f complex and ATP synthase are also major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane that work with the photosystems to create ATP and NADPH.

]]> 2016-12-20 00:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144401258 janessavargas001 https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144401386 Cellular Respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O


Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6+ 6O2]]> 2016-12-20 00:16:15 UTC https://padlet.com/janessavargas001/cougars_vargas/wish/144401386