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      <title>Cultural diffusion by trains</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx</link>
      <description>The diffusion selected cultural traits by the international movement of workers, tourists and commodities.</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2015-04-28 10:04:00 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2025-10-14 15:55:40 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Diffusion of cultural traits</title>
         <author>trains8_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58529512</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><p><span>Produce notes on the diffusion of one of the selected cultural traits by the international movement of workers, tourists and commodities. Summarise the diffusions occurring for your selected cultural trait by completing the post on padlet.</span></p></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2015-04-28 10:05:35 UTC</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Twitter &amp;amp; the French language (Tomas) </title>
         <author>trains8_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58529587</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-19499771" />
         <pubDate>2015-04-28 10:06:20 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58529587</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Customs - Case study - St Patrick&#39;s Day (Joao C)</title>
         <author>trains8_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58529746</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>St Patrick's Day</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://chefsref.hubpages.com/hub/Irish-in-China-and-St-Patricks-Day" />
         <pubDate>2015-04-28 10:07:44 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58529746</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Dress (Sara L)</title>
         <author>trains8_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58529849</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Case studies from around the world.</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2015-04-28 10:08:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58529849</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Music (Hussein)</title>
         <author>trains8_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58529935</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><span>English Music in France</span></p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/20/business/worldbusiness/20iht-radio.t_1.html" />
         <pubDate>2015-04-28 10:10:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58529935</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Technology (Gonçalo)</title>
         <author>trains8_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58529991</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p></p><p><span>Internet and China. </span></p><p></p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.china.org.cn/english/China/233988.htm" />
         <pubDate>2015-04-28 10:11:03 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58529991</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>Food (Lourenço K)</title>
         <author>trains8_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58530132</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Global spread of McDonalds </p><p><span><a href="http://www.mcdonaldization.com/whatisit.shtml">http://www.mcdonaldization.com/whatisit.shtml</a></span></p><p><span><br></span></p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://www.mcdonaldization.com/whatisit.shtml" />
         <pubDate>2015-04-28 10:12:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58530132</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>McDonaldization</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58575252</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><em>McDonaldization</em> is
the term invented by <cite>George Ritzer</cite> to describe a sociological phenomenom that
is happening in our society.</p>
<p>In
essence, McDonaldization is the process of <em>rationalization </em></p>
<p>Rationalization
is a sociological term that simply means the substitution of logically
consistent rules for traditional (or illogical) rules. One of the fundamental
aspects of McDonaldization is that almost any task can (and should) be
rationalized.</p>
<p>The
process of McDonaldization takes a task and breaks it down into smaller tasks.
This is repeated until all tasks have been broken down to the smallest possible
level. The resulting tasks are then rationalized to find the <em>single</em>
most efficient method for completing each task.</p>
<p>It
turns out that <em>over</em>-rationalizing
a process in this manner has an unexpected side effect. It's called <em>irrationality</em>.
In a sociological context that simply means that a rationalized system may
result in events or outcomes that were neither anticipated or desired, and in
fact, may not be so good.</p>
<p>According
to Ritzer, the four main dimensions of McDonaldization are:</p>
<p>·&nbsp; Efficiency- The <em>optimum</em> method of
completing a task.</p>

<p>·&nbsp; Calculability- Assessment of outcomes based
on quantifiable rather than subjective criteria. In other words, quantity over
quality.</p>

<p>·&nbsp; Predictability -The production process is
organized to guarantee uniformity of product and standardized outcomes. All
shopping malls begin to look the same</p>

<p>·&nbsp; Control - The substitution of more
predictable non-human labor for human labor, either through automation or the
deskilling of the work force.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2015-04-28 14:43:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58575252</guid>
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      <item>
         <title>St Patrick´s Day</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/58578980</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2015-04-28 14:58:04 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Twitter and the French Language  (Tomás)</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/59099077</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>There has been a change in the way people address each other on Twitter. In the English language, there is no formal/informal distinction between the use of the word "you". However, in the French language, "tu" is informal whereas "vous" is formal. Twitter seems to have taken a toll on the French language online as the informal version is taking over on social media. Many believe that this will have a detrimental effect on the use of the language overall.&nbsp;It is also being described as being a "tool for breaking down social barriers from its very beginning, resulting in a distinctively "egalitarian political discourse"". "Vous" implies that there is some sort of hierarchy, which goes against the very essence of anonymous forums.This would seem to be hardly anything negative, until we see its effect on the French language.</p><p>
The use of the word "vous" is a sign of respect, but even that seems to be getting lost in translation of the word "you". French speakers may be directly translating from the English word (which is the most used language in the social network) and therefore missing out on the more informal version of the word "you".  "Tu" is also used as it "looks strange" to address someone with such respect, especially when most people "tweet" people they have met (and maybe never will meet).</p><p>What's most surprising is the speed at which it is occurring. Twitter was founded in 2006, yet 9 years later, it is already causing changes in languages that have existed for hundreds of years. Changes in languages also tend to take many years to actually take place, whereas this change is perhaps more significant and yet, it is happening at a much faster rate.</p><p>
This change is so apparent, that it has spread to other languages like Spanish. The familiar "tu" dominates, with the formal "usted" a rarity. As in France, the normal writing style on Twitter in Spanish is "informal, direct and very personal". It is a common trend in many languages and if these changes continue, it is likely that the informal versions of "you" in many languages will be effectively dropped.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2015-05-02 17:34:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/59099077</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/trains8_1/jcx19tbwyssx/wish/60170640</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2015-05-12 10:22:31 UTC</pubDate>
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