English Literature- Periods of Time by Natalia F

Old English (450-1066)

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:08:16 UTC

It is also known as the Anglo-Saxon period, This is considered primarily oral because the culture of the Anglo-Saxons, who spoke Old English. In this period Christianity was introduced, which significantly influenced literature.

Authors

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:17:27 UTC

Anonymous: Many of Old English Literature is attributes to anonymous authors, as writing was communal and passed down orally.

Caedmon (d. 680)

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:22:16 UTC

He composed the first known English Poem, “hymn of Creation” inspired by a divine dream.

Cynewulf (9th)

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:24:52 UTC

He is attributed to several religious poems, like “The Fates of the Apostles”, “Christ II”.

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:26:08 UTC

Bede (673-735)

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:36:24 UTC

A monk of Jarrow is most famous for his Ecclesiastical History of the English People (731), which was written in Latin but significantly influenced Old English religious writing.

Manuscript-The Beowulf

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:42:52 UTC

The most popular epic poem, reflecting themes of bravery and honor.

Manuscript-The Exeter Book

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:44:10 UTC

A collection of religious narratives and riddles. it contains "The Wanderer," "The Seafarer," and other religious and elegiac poems.

Manuscript-The Junius

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:46:57 UTC

Contains poems based on old testament narratives.

Manuscripts-The Vercelli Book

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:48:42 UTC

Contains saints lives and religious poems.

Theme and genre: Heroic epics (verse)

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:49:46 UTC

Celebrating the values of warrior culture (e.g., Beowulf).

Theme and Genre: Religious writings

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:56:25 UTC

Influenced by the Christianization of England, many poems and prose works focus on biblical themes and moral lessons.

Genre: Elegiac poetry

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:58:16 UTC

Reflecting on loss, exile, and the transient nature of life (e.g., The Wanderer, The Seafarer).

Late 10th and 11th Century Prose

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 01:59:50 UTC

Those were a time significant literary development, especially in religious, legal , and sermon writings.

Aelfric (c. 955- c.1010)

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:04:42 UTC

His works were religious and educational in nature like “Catholic Homilies” a collection of sermons and “Lives of the Saints” a series of Saints’ lives written in prose.

Wulfstan (d.1023)

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:06:47 UTC

His writings were strongly influenced as a church leader, his key works include: “The Sermon of the Wolf to the English” in this the author laments the moral decay of society.

Early Middle English Period (1066-1300)

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:09:17 UTC

During this era Literature shifted from primarily oral traditions and religious works to more diverse forms of writing.

Literature

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:14:16 UTC

It was a period of linguistic change, literary forms and themes from French and Latin literature, such as romances, allegories, and religious texts began to merge with native English traditions, the influence of the Catholic Church was so profound that many texts were written by or for members of religious orders, reflecting the spiritual concerns of the time.

Literature

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:15:23 UTC

Before the Norman Conquest it was largely oral, but during this period, more works began to be written down in manuscripts, Many works were still composed in verse, often using alliteration or rhyme.

Author- Layamon (13th Century)

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:20:22 UTC

Known for his work “Brut” (c. 1200), it tells the history of Britain from its legendary founding by Brutus of Troy to the reign of King Arthur.

Work- The Ormulum (late 12th century)

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:23:59 UTC

It is a collection of religious homilies written in verse.

Work-The Owl and the Nightingale (late 12th or early 13th century):

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:25:30 UTC

This is one of the earliest surviving debate poems in English. It presents a dialogue between an owl and a nightingale, each defending their way of life.

Author- Ancrene Wisse (early 13th century)

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:28:41 UTC

This author is an example of devotional prose, written to guide woman in religiuos life.

Themes and Genres: Prose

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:29:45 UTC

It was largely religious used to instruct or spread Christianity (Religious Texts).

Themes and Genres: Lyric Poetry

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:31:20 UTC

Often centered around stories of knights, chivalry, and courtly love.

Themes and Genres: Allegorical poetry

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:34:51 UTC

Allegory became a dominant form for expressing moral, religious, and philosophical ideas.

Highlights

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:35:51 UTC

The transition from oral tradition to written culture became more pronounced during this period, thanks to places where monks copied texts and the increasing use of parchment manuscript.

Differences between Old English Period and Early Middle English Period

nataliaurrego0510 — 2024-09-25 02:37:36 UTC

-Old English Literature: heroic, elegiac, religious, often anonymous, with a strong emphasis on oral tradition.

-Early Middle English Literature: more diverse, with increased secular themes, influenced by French and Latin, still heavily religious but increasingly allegorical and concerned with personal devotion.

The Later Middle English (14th-15th Centuries)

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 07:41:20 UTC

It was a time of great creativity and diversity in English literature. In this period, the influence of courtly tradition and French literature became evident, while the poetic form of octosyllabic verse became a prominent feature.

The Canterbury Tales 1387-1400 (written between these years)

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 07:49:49 UTC

Collection of stories told by a diverse group of pilgrims, with different styles and genres.

Piers Plowman 1370-1390 (approximately)

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 07:53:12 UTC

An allegorical poem that offers deep social criticism, focused on religion and morality.

Troilus and Criseyde 1382-1386

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 07:56:15 UTC

Tragic love story set during the Trojan War, written in verse by Chaucer

The Book of Margery Kempe 1436-1438 (approximately)

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 08:01:51 UTC

A spiritual autobiography where the author narrates her mystical visions and religious journeys.

Le Morte d'Arthur 1485

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 08:04:08 UTC

This is the most complete version of the Arthurian legends, which records the life and exploits of King Arthur and his knights.

End of Middle English (1500)

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 08:07:16 UTC

At the end of the 15th century, Later Middle English gradually transformed into Early Modern English with the publication of printed texts thanks to the printing press, which began to standardize the language.

20th Century And Comtemporary

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 08:09:45 UTC

Contemporary English literature is a reflection of the ever-changing society, and its diversity and richness continue to inspire readers and writers around the world.

Ulysses 1922

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 08:15:07 UTC

This innovative work follows a day in the life of Leopold Bloom in Dublin, using techniques such as stream of consciousness and multiple narrative styles.

The Waste Land 1922

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 08:16:53 UTC

A fundamental poem of modernism that reflects the pessimism and fragmentation of society after the First World War, full of cultural and mythological references.

Mrs Dalloway 1925

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 08:18:32 UTC

It follows a day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway, mixing memories, sensations and diverse perspectives across time and space.

To the Lighthouse 1927

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 08:20:05 UTC

An introspective exploration of family life and relationships, also using stream of consciousness to capture subjective experience.

The Sound and the Fury 1929

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 08:22:05 UTC

It recounts the decline of an aristocratic family in the southern United States, using modernist techniques such as temporal fragmentation and multiple narratives.

Brave New World 1932

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 08:26:30 UTC

A satirical vision of the future in a totalitarian society, which addresses issues such as social control, technology and dehumanization.

End of modernism until today

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 08:31:44 UTC

Literary modernism was crucial for its stylistic innovation and its break with traditional forms, introducing techniques such as stream of consciousness and narrative fragmentation. His focus on subjectivity and the complexity of human experience deeply influenced contemporary literature, laying the foundation for postmodernism and maintaining its relevance in the exploration of identity and perception today.

Difference between The later middle english and 20th Century and Contemporary

arangomunozdaniela — 2024-09-25 08:35:37 UTC

A key difference between later Middle English and 20th-century and contemporary literature lies in the complexity of language and narrative techniques. Later Middle English, as seen in works such as "The Canterbury Tales", used more formal language and linear narrative structures, focusing on religious, chivalric and moral themes. Instead, 20th-century literature, influenced by modernism, experiments with techniques such as stream of consciousness, narrative fragmentation, and psychological exploration, reflecting the tensions and complexities of the modern world and subjective experience.

THE RENAISSANCE (1550-1660)

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 19:00:45 UTC

This period focused more on rational thought and the religious was left aside in addition here aorse new genres influencied by yhe philosophy of humanism.

GENRES AND THEMES

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 20:16:52 UTC

lyric and poetry were the most cultivated genres in the renaissance which had a great influence by italian authors, this genre had an important ramification and was mystical or ascetic poetry that speaks poetically of the sacred.

In the modern novel, dramaturgy and the essay the main themes are love, nature, mythology and the enjoyment of life.

characteristics

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 20:25:45 UTC

The Renaissance left religion aside, although it continued to be important, it was no longer what they focused on and looked for other types of literature such as poems and drama.

AUTHORS

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 20:37:50 UTC

John Milton:Milton was a Puritan writer who wrote Paradise Lost, another poem often ranked as one of the greatest in history. His work was infused with his religious beliefs while also embracing some of the newer thoughts of the Renaissance, such as the ability of humans to achieve great things.

William Shakespeare:Widely considered one of the greatest playwrights of all time, Shakespeare was so well-respected for his work that a specific type of sonnet, the Shakespearean sonnet, is named after him.

Edmund Spenser:Spenser is best-known today for his epic poem The Faerie Queen, widely acknowledged as one of the best in the canon. The poem was a glorification of England and its language.

MAJOR WORKS

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 20:40:45 UTC

Romeo and Juliet (1597),

Hamlet (1623) and Julio Cesar (1599) by william shakespeare. These works have in common that each one presents a conflict either with society or with romance.

MAJOR WORKS

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 20:42:13 UTC

The Faerie Queene (1590) by Edmund Spenser, This poem is about morality and the power of good over evil.

MAJOR WORKS

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 20:43:07 UTC

The paradise lost (1667) by John Milton, This poem is religious as it deals with the events that led to Adam and Eve being expelled from the Garden of Eden (Paradise)

THE RESTORATION (1660-1798)

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 20:58:39 UTC

This period was marked by political, literary and cultural changes, this is due to the celebration or rejection of the restored court of Charles II. in which you can find works such as Paradise Lost by John Milton, along with Sodom by John Wilmot or the comedy The Country Wife by William Wycherley, among others.

CHARACTERISTICS

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 21:09:41 UTC

Literary

The Restoration period saw the rise of satire, novels and poetry that explored personal themes within classical forms. Restoration literature includes Paradise Lost, The Peasant Woman, and Pilgrim's Progress.

political

The Restoration was marked by political upheaval after the monarchy was restored, and included the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which limited the power of the monarchy.

Scientific

The Restoration period saw the founding of the Royal Society, experiments by Robert Boyle, and the pioneering of literary criticism by John Dryden and John Dennis.

Cultural

The Restoration period is also known as the Age of Reason or Enlightenment. It was characterized by empiricism, the idea that knowledge about the world comes from the senses and applying reason to what we take in

THEMES AND GENRES

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 21:21:04 UTC

Satire

A popular literary tool used to educate the public about social issues, often in a comical way. Satire was used by both writers and playwrights to expose and critique social injustices.

Comedy of Manners

The most popular form of Restoration drama, these plays often mocked the upper class and included vulgar and sexually suggestive language.

Christian religious writing

A dominant genre of prose during the Restoration period, often with political and economic implications.

Fiction and journalism

Two genres that began to emerge during the Restoration period and would dominate later periods.

Poetry

Restoration poetry discussed themes like temperance, logic, and realism.

Neoclassical

Works that emphasized similarities between classical works and works of the time, and often included allusions to political connections.

AUTHORS

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 21:22:48 UTC

John Dryden: the first official poet laureate

Jonathan Swift: author of Gulliver's Travels

Daniel Defoe: Author of Robinson Crusoe, considered by many to be the first English novel

Alexander Pope: a notable author of the time.

Samuel Johnson: a notable author of the time.

William Wycherley: Playwright and poet of the time.

MAJOR WORKS

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 21:24:19 UTC

The Country Wife

A lewd comedy by William Wycherley that satirized the upper classes and included sexual scenes.

MAJOR WORKS

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 21:25:23 UTC

essay on the criticism of Alexander Pope. This was one of his first important poems.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE RENAISSANCE (1550-1660) AND THE RESTORATION (1660-1798)

yudyrojas350 — 2024-09-26 21:48:04 UTC

The Renaissance is more about rational thought, love, mythology among others, while the Restoration touched more on the subject of politics and what had to do with the social

Victorian Era (1837-1901)

2024-09-27 02:47:02 UTC

Victorian and modernist literature is an essential element for the development and understanding of 19th century British societies. This period marked the consolidation of the novel as the main medium of literary exploration. Victorian literature is represented by love poems and novels that recount adventures. This period is dominated by great works such as Lord Alfred Tennyson's Camelot and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.

Characteristics of the Victorian Era:

2024-09-27 03:08:44 UTC

This era was greatly influenced by its codes of morality, self-control, and family values, bourgeoisie, and the social structure had great strength.

Industrial Progress:

2024-09-27 03:10:51 UTC

The Industrial Revolution had a great impact, bringing with it technological advances, the growth of cities, and a radical change in society's way of life. Problems such as child labor, poverty, and precarious working conditions also arose.

Science and Religion:

2024-09-27 03:13:50 UTC

There was a clash between science and religion, especially with the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species in 1859, which challenged traditional religious beliefs about creation.

Realist Literature:

2024-09-27 03:19:28 UTC

The literature of this era reflected social problems and the everyday realities of life, especially the hardships of the working class and social inequalities.

Role of Women:

2024-09-27 03:20:44 UTC

Although Victorian women were traditionally seen as domestic figures, some movements began to question these roles and demand greater rights for women.

Authors and Works of the Victorian Era: Works: Oliver Twist (1837-1839), David Copperfield (1849-1850), Great Expectations (1860-1861), A Christmas Carol (1843).

2024-09-27 03:28:27 UTC

Characteristics: Dickens is known for his detailed portrayal of social injustices, poverty and the hardships of the working class, always with a moral and hopeful approach.

Thomas Hardy (1840-1928):

2024-09-27 03:31:50 UTC

Characteristics: Hardy is known for his pessimism, portrayal of conflicts between individuals and social norms, and criticism of the rigid Victorian moral code.

George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) (1819-1880):

2024-09-27 03:32:58 UTC

Works: Middlemarch (1871-1872), The Mill on the Floss (1860).

Characteristics: She is known for her psychological realism, deep character analysis, and criticism of social restrictions.

Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-1892):

2024-09-27 03:36:37 UTC

Works: In Memoriam A.H.H. (1850), The Charge of the Light Brigade (1854).

Characteristics: Poet Laureate of England, Tennyson wrote on themes such as heroism, death, and faith, often in a lyrical and melancholic style.

Romanticism (1800-1850)

2024-09-27 03:43:18 UTC

Romanticism was a historical and cultural movement originating mainly in countries such as Germany and the United Kingdom during the 18th century as a reaction to the Enlightenment and Neoclassicism, Romanticism emerged as an essential tool to give greater priority to feelings and give them representation through art, music, etc. Understanding the importance of emotions over reason, it was considered the first cultural movement that transcended the entire map, encompassing all of Latin America, generating great growth in the period from 1800 to 1850, then giving way to positivism, a style of critical and empirical thinking as the basis of knowledge of society.

The Time of Romanticism

2024-09-27 03:43:56 UTC

Late 18th Century: Romanticism emerged as a reaction to the rationalism of the Enlightenment and Neoclassicism.

1800 - 1850: Time of greatest splendor of Romanticism in Europe and America.

1820 - 1870: It developed mainly in Latin America.

Mid-19th Century: Realism begins to gain strength, displacing Romanticism.

Characteristics of Romanticism

2024-09-27 03:44:35 UTC

Exaltation of the individual: Importance is given to subjectivity and personal emotions.

Appreciation of nature: Nature is seen as a reflection of the author's emotional state.

Rejection of classical rules: The rigid norms of art and literature imposed by Neoclassicism are broken.

Search for freedom: Both in art and in life, the freedom of the individual is exalted.

Nationalism: A feeling of belonging and pride in one's own culture and traditions arises.

2024-09-27 03:46:06 UTC

Idealization of love: Love is a central theme, often shown as tragic or unattainable.

Escapism: There is a search to escape from reality towards ideal worlds, the historical past, or the exotic.

2024-09-27 03:46:33 UTC

Promotion of national literature: In many countries, Romanticism encouraged the creation of works based on local myths and traditions.

2024-09-27 03:48:12 UTC

Development of individualism: It promoted the right to express personal emotions and experiences.

Social awareness: In some regions, Romanticism was linked to revolutionary and independence movements.

2024-09-27 03:49:35 UTC

Appreciation of nature: Art and literature began to see nature as a reflection of the human soul.

Representative Authors and Works

2024-09-27 03:51:11 UTC

Europe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (Germany)

Work: Faust (1808)

Lord Byron (United Kingdom)

2024-09-27 03:54:38 UTC

Work: Don Juan (1824)

Mary Shelley (United Kingdom)

2024-09-27 03:55:28 UTC

Work: Frankenstein (1818)

Victor Hugo (France)

2024-09-27 03:56:09 UTC

Work: Les Misérables (1862) and Our Lady of Paris (1831)

Edgar Allan Poe (United States)

2024-09-27 03:57:02 UTC

Work: The Raven (1845), Extraordinary Narrations (1839)

Esteban Echeverría

2024-09-27 03:59:01 UTC

(Argentina)Work: The Slaughterhouse (1871, published posthumously)