https://padlet.com/Olivia_Stagno/jbywrptsmjftv0v2 Chapter 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4, p.44-49 en-us 2022-02-09 03:23:27 UTC 2022-02-11 03:50:11 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f30a.png Olivia_Stagno https://padlet.com/Olivia_Stagno/jbywrptsmjftv0v2/wish/2037024367 Land degradation - The loss of productivity and decline in fertility of land based environments as a result of human activities.

Soil degradation - The loss of fertility of the soil, often due to chemical change
Causes:
- Compacted by large machinery and hard hooved animals
- Becoming acidic
- Farming the land to intensively
Consequences:
- Build up of salt in the top soil (salinity)
- Loss of fertility

Soil erosion - The soil is gradually worn away by natural causes.
Causes:
- Clearing trees for farming
- Rivers and streams
- Rainfall and flooding
Consequences:
- Reduced ability of soil to store nutrients
- Loss of topsoil over large area

Ecosystem decline - When the natural ecosystem of an area, such as forests and streams become degraded.
Consequences:
- Loss of vegetation
- Invasion of plants and animals decline in quality of streams/rivers



]]> 2022-02-09 03:46:51 UTC https://padlet.com/Olivia_Stagno/jbywrptsmjftv0v2/wish/2037024367 Olivia_Stagno https://padlet.com/Olivia_Stagno/jbywrptsmjftv0v2/wish/2039564280 Degrading the atmosphere
- Pollutants being realised into the atmosphere are disturbing the natural balance of gases in the atmosphere.
- It is responsible for an increase in global temperatures and climate change

Air pollution
- 3.5 million people die each year from outdoor air pollution
- Due to breathing air with high concentrations of fine particles from traffic exhaust and factories.
- 4.3 millions deaths a year from indoor air pollution
- Largely due to fossil fuels

Air quality is getting worse in Asia & Africa--> due to rapid growth and expansion of cities, cities demand for cheap energy (coal)

India: Air pollution hot stop
- More than half a million Indians die from air pollution each year
- The pollution comes from a rapid increase in vehicles clogging congested roads
- Rapid growth in industries
- Factories demand cheap energy and much of this comes from coal-fired power plants

Recovering ozone layer
Ozone - molecules that contain three atoms of oxygen
The ozone layer shields the earth and its inhabitants from much of the suns uv radiation. 
- In the 1970's there was a decline of ozone in the ozone hole above antartica
- In 1987 there was a ban of chemicals in order to stop the declination. 
- in recent years the ozone layer is beggining to recover

]]> 2022-02-10 06:11:24 UTC https://padlet.com/Olivia_Stagno/jbywrptsmjftv0v2/wish/2039564280 Olivia_Stagno https://padlet.com/Olivia_Stagno/jbywrptsmjftv0v2/wish/2041571910 Degrading water
- Human activities have reduced the quality and quantity of water of clean fresh water
- Extracting water for farm usage has affected the health of inland waters. Pollution has also caused major damage
- 70% of water exacted from river and aquifers is used in farming
- Population grows --> demand for water grows --> water resources become degraded --> shrinking lakes and increased salinity in water

Damming rivers
- Damming disrupts the flow of water causing floods
- Damming disrupts ecosystem services e.g fertile soil
- Fewer nutrients and less water reach river mouth

Pollutants in water
- Water pollution - contamination of of rivers and water bodies
- Pollution results in human activities near water such as fishing and shipping
- Land activities such as clearing land and farming can also pollute waterways
- Water pollution can result in: loss of clean drinking water, fish dying, food shortages and famine]]> 2022-02-11 02:34:24 UTC https://padlet.com/Olivia_Stagno/jbywrptsmjftv0v2/wish/2041571910