https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne Please post all your findings in this Padlet and make comments and suggestions. Thank you! en-us 2017-03-31 07:42:04 UTC 2023-02-14 07:48:59 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/File.png haziqahnorrisam https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/163903855 2017-03-31 08:36:52 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/163903855 ziemaida https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/163926933 These bacteria can infect a huge range of plants and are a major threat to woody plants. The strain Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi causes bleeding canker in horse chestnut trees. This is when the infected bark is orange and brown with oozing sticky liquid coming out from the wound. Around a half of UK horse chestnut trees are now affected by this disease. 

]]> 2017-03-31 10:40:52 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/163926933 ziemaida https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/163927325 2017-03-31 10:43:33 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/163927325 ziemaida https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/163927636 Pseudomonas syringae bacteria are spread by rain, and insects feeding on infected plants. They can also be spread by planting infected material or using
contaminated pruning tools. Spread of disease is favoured by wet conditions and temperatures of 12 – 25°C.]]> 2017-03-31 10:45:40 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/163927636 jalilatulnikdar https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164012805 Pseudomonas syringae is a rod shaped Gram-negative bacteria, with an aerobic metabolism, and polar flagella. It is a plant pathogen that can be characterized by its inability to properly utilize arginine, because it lacks the assistance of the arginine dihydrolase system. Each strain of Pseudomonas syringae is specific for a particular plant. All Pseudomonas syringae strains lack a specific cytochrome C oxidase in their respiratory electron transport chain, which causes a negative oxidase reaction to result. It is a nutritionally versatile organism that thrives on damaged plant tissues, and most notably, colonizes the surface of plant leaves. Each strain is specific to a particular species of plant for which it infects. ]]> 2017-03-31 16:12:58 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164012805 jalilatulnikdar https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164017399 Pseudomonas syringae is also a microbe of great interest for its ice nucleation properties. It was discovered that these bacteria produce surface proteins that were essential in the formation of ice crystals at sub-zero temperatures on plant surfaces. By eliminating the genes that were responsible for the production of this protein, a significant amount of frost damage could be prevented on cash crops. This surface protein could also be exploited to induce the production of artificial snow, allowing places like ski resorts to produce snow even when it would normally be too warm. ]]> 2017-03-31 16:32:55 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164017399 aifaarazak19 https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164141698 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SenJud3cHLc

Above is the link of demonstartion on how the addition of a small quantity of Pseudomonas syringae to supercooled water can yield VERY rapid ice formation!]]> 2017-04-02 05:57:58 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164141698 aifaarazak19 https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164142046 In some uses, bacterial ice nucleation at higher temperatures may be useful in keeping foods frozen. For example, nucleation temperatures of salmon muscle with the use of ice-nucleation active (INA) Pseudomonas syringae was raised from -4.9 to -1.5^oC [21]. This means that the difference between the freezing-point temperature and the nucleation temperature of the sample was reduced by 3.4^oC (Figure 4)]]> 2017-04-02 06:13:54 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164142046 aifaarazak19 https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164142197 2017-04-02 06:19:25 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164142197 rangithaa83 https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164332172 C

]]> 2017-04-03 13:44:41 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164332172 rangithaa83 https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164341074 2017-04-03 14:06:16 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/164341074 emilia_nasrin https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/166001384  The bacteria are rod-shaped. This allows them to ‘squeeze’ into plant cells through plant wounds. The bacteria have flagella, which are whip-like protein tails that help the bacteria swim through the soil towards plants. ]]> 2017-04-12 01:22:29 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/166001384 emilia_nasrin https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/166003018 Bacteria enter the plant through wounds or stomates. They are then free to move through the apoplast that surrounds the plant cells, but they can't cross the thick plant cell walls.]]> 2017-04-12 01:33:31 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/166003018 https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/168538590 Symptoms: A) Flower blast where flowers and/or flower buds turn brown to black. B) Dead
dormant buds, especially common on cherries and apricots. C) Necrotic leaf spots - entire
clusters of younger, expanding leaves may be killed on filbert trees. D) Discolored and or
blackened leaf veins and petioles resulting from systemic invasion and infection. E) Spots and
blisters on fruit. F) Shoot tip dieback appears as dead, blackened twig tissue extending
downward for some distance from the tip (very common on maples and other seedlings). G)
Stem cankers, depressed areas in the bark, become darkened in color with age.]]> 2017-04-27 03:44:55 UTC https://padlet.com/haziqahnorrisam/jbj7s5wqt5ne/wish/168538590