Controversial Uses of ADHD Medication and Children by Jayson Rivera

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-01 02:58:53 UTC

Signs and Symptoms

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-01 03:26:51 UTC

Inattention means a person may have difficulty staying on task, sustaining focus, and staying organized, and these problems are not due to defiance or lack of comprehension.
Hyperactivity means a person may seem to move about constantly, including in situations when it is not appropriate, or excessively fidgets, taps, or talks. In adults, hyperactivity may mean extreme restlessness or talking too much.
Impulsivity means a person may act without thinking or have difficulty with self-control. Impulsivity could also include a desire for immediate rewards or the inability to delay gratification. An impulsive person may interrupt others or make important decisions without considering long-term consequences.
(National Institute of Mental Health)

Peer Reviewed Article 1

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-01 03:44:46 UTC

Key insights:

Study proposed to exploit the understanding of medication being given to children with ADHD.
The behavior of specialist physicians varies considerably across hospitals which can affect what the child medication the child is given to take.
Parents may, of course, refuse pharmacological treatment...Regardless of the choice of pharmacological treatment and the severity of the condition, the reference program advises that children with an ADHD diagnosis are offered social skills training.

Peer Review Article 2

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-01 03:46:23 UTC

Key Insights:

A group of 579 children with ADHD Combined Type, aged 7 to 9.9 years, were assigned to 14 months of medication management.
Children were from grades 1 through 4, and in residence with the same primary caretaker(s) for the last 6 months or longe.
They were assigned random medication management, behavioral treatment, combined treatment, or community care for 14 months to see how kids would react and was it harmful for the kids.

Peer Review Article 3

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-01 03:47:58 UTC

Key Insights:

Objective of study was to assess the stimulant methylphenidate. This is usually in the medication that is given to students who have ADHD.
The studies aim was to find a correlation between methylphenidate and the risk of depression.
A population-based on electric medical records database was used for this study.
The study gathered information on data for presumption of ADHD medication, diagnosis of depression and prescription of antidepressant medication.
Ages of participants in the study ranged from the ages of 6 though 19 who were degassed with ADHD medication between January 2007 and December 2016.

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-01 03:50:57 UTC

Resources

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-03 18:18:26 UTC

Teacher Resources

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-03 18:30:33 UTC

Data & Analysis

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-03 19:18:41 UTC

Data that was taken was conducted from children from the ages of 4 through 10. Population of Danish children born in the period from 1990 to 1999. Study was conducted on children who took prescribed medication and capital.
In the analysis, the document that effects are smaller in later cohorts where more children are diagnosed and treated pharmacologically before the age of 10. There are still significant gains from treatment in the later cohorts (Dalsgaard).

Results

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-03 19:19:16 UTC

Results show that children diagnosed with ADHD on the margin of receiving pharmacological treatment have fewer hospital contacts if treated and have fewer interactions with the police.

Doctors diagnosed children at times without having any data and could cause the child damage in the future if not needed.

Assessments

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-03 19:50:34 UTC

Six major outcome domains were identified:

ADHD symptoms were measured with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity sub-scales of parent-teacher.
Oppositional/aggressive symptoms were measured with a parent and teacher SNAP oppositional-defiant disorder subscale;
Social skills were measured with a parent- and teacher-completed subscale from the Social Skills Rating System
Internalizing symptoms (anxiety and depression) were measured with an internalizing subscale from parent- and teacher-completed SSRS.
Parent-child relations were measured with 2 composite scales from a parent-child relationship questionnaire
Academic achievement was measured with 3 subscales from the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test

Medication Management

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-03 20:02:27 UTC

This started with a 28-day, double-blind, daily-switch titration of methylphenidate hydrochloride, using 5 randomly ordered repeats each of placebo, 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 or 20 mg (higher doses for children >25 kg).
Cross-site teams of experienced clinicians blindly reviewed graphs portraying parent and teacher ratings of responses to each of the 4 doses and by consensus selected each child's best dose

Results

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-03 20:04:22 UTC

There were no differences between the medication management and combined treatment groups in the proportion of subjects maintained on the various medications.
Combined treatment and medication management treatments were clinically and statistically superior to behavioral treatment and community care in reducing children's ADHD symptoms.

Dr. Daniel Amen

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-05 02:09:59 UTC

TED Talk

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-05 02:10:49 UTC

Types of ADHD

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-05 02:13:45 UTC

Data & Anaylsis

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-05 02:27:23 UTC

Methods:

Included subjects with ADHD who were diagnosed only with ADHD and not depression to eliminate any error in the study.
The index date was the defined as the first date of medication of methylphenidate in the HIRA data-base.
Data showed that when on the ADHD medication. Depression later came to appear.
Since this study only includes data from 2007 onwards, it may be difficult to rule out the possibility of recurrence of previous depression before 2007.

Results

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-05 02:33:03 UTC

In total, out of 43,259 individuals that were diagnosed between July 1,2007 and December 31, 2007. They excluded 8,556 subjects who were diagnosed within that time to eliminate cross data and not be accurate.
The subgroups of children who were initiated MPH within 1 year after ADHD diagnosis showed a similar pattern to the overall analysis. The IRR during MPH exposure was 20.93 (95% CI: 19.02−23.03, p < 0.001) in the total age group and 18.5 (95% CI: 15.78−21.68, p < 0.001) in the young age group.

Disscusion

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-05 02:36:11 UTC

This study found a significantly positive temporal association between MDD and MPH treatment in youth with ADHD.
This finding suggests that the risk of depression increases after initiation of MPH treatment, with an increased risk of depression prior to the start of MPH treatment that begins to fall after discontinuation of MPH.
This study showed the before and after taking MPH which is the ADHD medication and showed the effects that it has on children.

jaysonrivera0512 — 2024-08-05 02:42:52 UTC