Examples by categories:

From countries and nationalities:

• American → americano/estadounidense

• Mexican → mexicano

• Japanese → japonés

• Italian → italiano

• Brazilian → brasileño

From regions or cities:

• Parisian → parisino

• Californian → californiano

• European → europeo

• Asian → asiático

From ethnic groups:

• Hispanic → hispano

• Celtic → celta

• Nordic → nórdico

From religions:

• Christian → cristiano

• Buddhist → budista

• Islamic → islámico

From famous people:

• Shakespearean → shakespeariano

• Freudian → freudiano

• Darwinian → darwiniano

Usage in sentences:

• "I love Italian food" (Amo la comida italiana)

• "She's studying Chinese philosophy" (Está estudiando filosofía china)

• "The Victorian era was fascinating" (La era victoriana fue fascinante)

Compound adjectives are adjectives formed by combining two or more words that function together as a single unit to describe or modify a noun. They are generally connected by hyphens when they appear before the noun they modify.

Examples by structure:

Adjective + Noun:

• High-quality → high quality

• Full-time → full time

• Long-term → long term

• Real-time → real time

Adjective + Participle:

• Good-looking → attractive/handsome

• Hard-working → hardworking

• Fast-moving → fast-moving

• Well-known → well known

Noun + Participle:

• Man-made → man-made

• Time-consuming → time-consuming

• Heart-breaking → heartbreaking

• Mind-blowing → mind-blowing

Adverb + Participle:

• Well-behaved → well behaved

• Badly-damaged → badly damaged

• Newly-built → newly built

• Recently-discovered → recently discovered

Number + Noun:

• Five-star → five-star

• Two-bedroom → two-bedroom

• Ten-year-old → ten years old

• Three-piece → three-piece

Usage in sentences:

• "She has a full-time job" (She has a full-time job)

• "He's a well-known author" (He's a well-known author)

• "They live in a two-story house" (They live in a two-story house)

• "It was a heart-breaking story" (It was a heart-breaking story)

Definition

These are modified adjectives that allow expressing differences in degree between two elements, indicating that one has more, less, or an equal amount of a specific quality than the other.

Formation of comparatives:

Short adjectives (1 syllable):

• Add -er to the end

• Tall → Taller (más alto)

• Fast → Faster (más rápido)

• Smart → Smarter (más inteligente)

• Old → Older (más viejo)

Short adjectives ending in -e:

• Add only -r

• Large → Larger (más grande)

• Nice → Nicer (más bonito)

• Safe → Safer (más seguro)

Short adjectives ending in consonant + vowel + consonant:

• Double the final consonant and add -er

• Big → Bigger (más grande)

• Hot → Hotter (más caliente)

• Thin → Thinner (más delgado)

2-syllable adjectives ending in -y:

• Change -y to -ier

• Happy → Happier (más feliz)

• Easy → Easier (más fácil)

• Busy → Busier (más ocupado)

• Pretty → Prettier (más bonito)

Long adjectives (2 or more syllables):

• Use more + adjective

• Beautiful → More beautiful (más hermoso)

• Intelligent → More intelligent (más inteligente)

• Expensive → More expensive (más caro)

• Comfortable → More comfortable (más cómodo)

Irregular adjectives:

• Good → Better (mejor)

• Bad → Worse (peor)

• Far → Farther/Further (más lejos)

• Little → Less (menos)

Usage in sentences:

• "She is taller than her sister" (Ella es más alta que su hermana)

• "This book is more interesting than that one" (Este libro es más interesante que ese)

• "Today is hotter than yesterday" (Hoy hace más calor que ayer)

• "He runs faster than me" (Él corre más rápido que yo)

Note: Comparatives are always accompanied by "than" when making an explicit comparison between two elements.

Definition

These are modified adjectives that express the extreme degree (superior or inferior) of a quality, indicating that one element stands out above or below all others in a group of three or more.

Formation of superlatives:

Short adjectives (1 syllable):

• Add the + -est to the end

• Tall → The tallest (el más alto)

• Fast → The fastest (el más rápido)

• Smart → The smartest (el más inteligente)

• Old → The oldest (el más viejo)

Short adjectives ending in -e:

• Add the + -st

• Large → The largest (el más grande)

• Nice → The nicest (el más bonito)

• Safe → The safest (el más seguro)

Short adjectives ending in consonant + vowel + consonant:

• Double the final consonant and add the + -est

• Big → The biggest (el más grande)

• Hot → The hottest (el más caliente)

• Thin → The thinnest (el más delgado)

2-syllable adjectives ending in -y:

• Change -y to the + -iest

• Happy → The happiest (el más feliz)

• Easy → The easiest (el más fácil)

• Busy → The busiest (el más ocupado)

• Pretty → The prettiest (el más bonito)

Long adjectives (2 or more syllables):

• Use the most/least + adjective

• Beautiful → The most beautiful (el más hermoso)

• Intelligent → The most intelligent (el más inteligente)

• Expensive → The most expensive (el más caro)

• Comfortable → The least comfortable (el menos cómodo)

Irregular adjectives:

• Good → The best (el mejor)

• Bad → The worst (el peor)

• Far → The farthest/furthest (el más lejos)

• Little → The least (el menos)

Usage in sentences:

• "She is the tallest student in the class" (Ella es la estudiante más alta de la clase)

• "This is the most beautiful painting in the museum" (Esta es la pintura más hermosa del museo)

• "Today is the hottest day of the year" (Hoy es el día más caluroso del año)

• "He is the best player on the team" (Él es el mejor jugador del equipo)

Definition

These are adjectives placed after linking verbs and function as a complement to the subject, describing its characteristics, states, or qualities. They are separated from the noun they modify by the verb.

Most common linking verbs:

• Be (am, is, are, was, were) → ser/estar

• Become → volverse/convertirse

• Feel → sentirse

• Look → parecer/verse

• Sound → sonar

• Taste → saber

• Smell → oler

• Seem → parecer

• Appear → aparecer/parecer

• Get → ponerse/volverse

• Turn → volverse

• Remain/Stay → permanecer

Examples by verb:

With "be":

• "She is happy" (Ella está feliz)

• "The book was interesting" (El libro era interesante)

• "They are tired" (Ellos están cansados)

With "become":

• "He became angry" (Él se enojó)

• "The weather became cold" (El clima se volvió frío)

With sense verbs:

• "The music sounds beautiful" (La música suena hermosa)

• "The cake tastes delicious" (El pastel sabe delicioso)

• "She looks sad" (Ella se ve triste)

• "The flowers smell sweet" (Las flores huelen dulce)

With "seem/appear":

• "He seems worried" (Él parece preocupado)

• "The problem appears difficult" (El problema parece difícil)

With "feel":

• "I feel excited" (Me siento emocionado)

• "She feels confident" (Ella se siente segura)

Difference with attributive adjectives:

Attributive adjective: "The happy girl smiled" (La niña feliz sonrió)

• The adjective goes directly before the noun

Predicate adjective: "The girl is happy" (La niña está feliz)

• The adjective goes after the linking verb

Important characteristics:

• Always require a linking verb

• Modify the subject, not the verb

• Can be simple or compound

• Answer the question "How is the subject?"