Chairil Anwar was an Indonesian poet who is considered one of the most influential figures in modern Indonesian literature. He was born in Medan, Indonesia, in 1922 and died in Jakarta in 1949.Determined to become an artist since the age of 15, Chairil Anwar then produced his first work at the age of 20, namely in 1942 with a poem entitled 'Nisan'.

Anwar's poetry is characterized by its rebellious spirit, existential angst, and focus on themes of death, love, and the human condition. His most famous works include "Aku" which contains the sentence  I Am a Wild Animal. In fact, because of his work, Chairil Anwar was nicknamed The Wild Animal by his friends., "Kuingin", and "Derai-Derai Cemara". These poems have been translated into many languages and continue to be read and studied today.

Anwar's influence on Indonesian literature is undeniable. He helped to establish the modern Indonesian poetic tradition and inspired generations of poets to come. His poems are still widely read and studied today, and his legacy continues to shape Indonesian literature.

Multatuli itself came from a latin phrase "multa tuli" which means "I have suffered so much."

Eduard Douwes Dekker is now considered as one of Dutch and Indonesian important figures, thanks to his most famous work, "Max Haveelar."

Max Haveelar is a novel published in 1860 and has been translated to more than 40 languages.

This novel is so popular because Multatuli bravely criticizes the Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia.

The novel recounts the experiences of one Max Havelaar, an idealistic Dutch colonial official in Java. In the story, Havelaar encounters and then rebels against the system of forced cultivation—or is known as "Tanam Paksa" that is imposed on Indonesia's peasants by the Dutch Government. This novel successfully covered lots of Indonesian's peasants pain and suffering throughout the story.

Max Haveelar is now considered as one of the most famous books in Dutch Literature, and is even regarded by Pramoedya Ananta Toer—one of Indonesian's most famous writes as the "Book That Killed Colonialism.”

Pramoedya Ananta Toer is a proud novelist, activist, and political prisoner.

Pramoedya Ananta Toer is also considered as one of the most "productive" writer in Indonesian world of literature. Throughout his life, he has written more than 50 novel that's been translated to 42 languages.

Throughout all his novels, he subtly criticizes colonialism, racism, and corruption of the Indonesian new government (New Order).

His work is considered to be "controversial" especially in the New Order. During Suharto's dictatorship, each one of Pramoedya Ananta Toer book was automatically banned upon publication.

One of his famoust work is "the Buru quartet", which traces the birth of nationalism in Indonesia. The story talks about a Javanese boy named Minke, who rejected the country’s hierarchical society.

Another famous novel is "Bumi Manusia, which talks about a young Javanese man who falls in love with a mixed-Dutch woman during the colonial era in Indonesia, the novel itself explores themes of race, identity, and colonialism. Pramoedya Ananta Toer writes this novel during his 14 years imprisonment in Buru, due to Suharto's order.

More of his most popular work consist "Arok Dedes", "Gadis Pantai", "House of Glass", and "Arus Balik".

WS Rendra (1935-2009) was a famous Indonesian writer and poet. He wrote about social issues and fought for justice through his works. Born in Solo, Central Java, Rendra came from a family of artists.

His notable books "Orang Lapar", plays criticizing social inequality.Some of Rendra's famous literary works are “Temperament”,”Bunga Gugur”,and “Permintaan”.Rendra also got the nickname "The Peacock" because his appearance as a declarant was always full of charm.

With poetry, Rendra actively supported the student movement during the 1977 election. At that time, students began to raise political issues, such as distrust of Soeharto's re-election as president because he was unable to restore the nation's depressed economic conditions.

Rendra's writings greatly impacted Indonesian literature, promoting social awareness and cultural preservation. He received international awards, including the Hadiah Akademi Jakarta (1975) and The S.E.A. Write Award (1996) Rendra remains a literary hero, inspiring Indonesian writers.

Risa Saraswati is a writer who creates novels in the horror genre with a local touch. Risa was born on February 24, 1985, in Bandung, West Java. Some of her literary works have been adapted into films, one of which is Danur: Asih, Maddah, Risa, Ivanna, and Ananta Prahadi.

Risa has been quite influential in developing the modern horror genre in Indonesia, as several of her works are based on stories about supernatural beings around her. This is because Risa has had the ability to see and communicate with supernatural entities since she was a child. Moreover, the horror stories written by Risa also highlight local culture, often incorporating Indonesian traditions and myths, such as wandering spirits, local ghosts, or folklore.

Some of her works have been successfully adapted into films, such as Danur, Rasuk, and Silam, which achieved great success in the Indonesian film industry. Although Risa is better known as a popular fiction writer than a classical literary figure like Pramoedya Ananta Toer or Chairil Anwar, she has still contributed to expanding the scope of literacy in Indonesia. Her works capture the interest of younger generations who enjoy horror and supernatural stories.

Therefore, Risa is more appropriately regarded as one of the key figures in “pop culture literature” in Indonesia, focusing on the horror genre based on real experiences and local culture.

After returning to England, Orwell lived a rough existence. He has worked as a teacher, factory worker, and wanderer. These experiences gave him a deep understanding of working-class life and the suffering they endured. He wrote 1984, a novel that depicts a dystopian world where individual freedom is restricted by a totalitarian government that watches every move of its citizens. Orwell also wrote Animal Farm, a scathing critique of the Bolshevik revolution in Russia and its development into a totalitarian regime. Orwell used the animals on a farm as a metaphor to describe actual historical events.

Orwell had an amazing ability to identify and expose fundamental problems in society. His powerful and effective writing style made his works memorable and relatable.

A Study in Scarlet is one of Doyle's most famous novels. It was the first novel to introduce Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. It combines a murder mystery with an exciting adventure story. The Hound of the Baskervilles is also one of the most popular Sherlock Holmes novels. It combines elements of horror and mystery against the backdrop of the bleak English countryside.

Conan Doyle is often considered the "father" of the modern detective genre. Through the character of Sherlock Holmes, he introduced a very detailed and meticulous method of scientific deduction in solving cases. This method then became the standard for many detective writers after him. Conan Doyle's detective stories always present a complicated and surprising plot. He is good at building suspense and keeping the reader guessing who the culprit is.

Some of his most famous works include Uzumaki, about a town cursed by a spiral pattern, Tomie, which follows an immortal woman who manipulates people to kill her repeatedly, and Gyo, depicting an invasion of sea creatures with mechanical legs. The Enigma of Amigara Fault is another iconic short story.

Junji Ito’s influence on the world of literature is significant, not only in the realm of manga but also in horror culture in general. His works have been translated into multiple languages and adapted into films and anime, making him one of the most famous and respected horror manga authors worldwide. Through his ability to merge horror and surrealism, Junji Ito has changed the way people perceive the horror genre in comics and manga.

Gosho Aoyama, born June 21, 1963, is a renowned Japanese manga artist best known for his series Case Closed(Detective Conan), which began in 1994 and has sold over 250 million copies worldwide by 2017. He married Minami Takayama, the voice actress for Conan, in 2005, but they divorced in 2007.

Aoyama showed an early talent for drawing, winning a painting competition in elementary school. He studied at Nihon University College of Art in Tokyo and even worked at Tokyo Disneyland, painting backgrounds for Pirates of the Caribbean. His manga debut came in 1987 with Chotto Mattete, followed by Magic Kaito, where the character Kaito Kuroba later appeared in Case Closed.

From 1988 to 1993, Aoyama created Yaiba, a popular series that ran for 24 volumes. He later worked on other projects, including Third Baseman No.4 and short story collections. Aoyama won two Shogakukan Manga Awards: in 1992 for Yaiba and in 2001 for Case Closed.

In honor of his achievements, his hometown, Hokuei, built the Conan Bridge and Case Closed statues. The Gosho Aoyama Manga Factory museum, dedicated to his work, opened in 2007.

J.K. Rowling, born Joanne Rowling on July 31, 1965, in Yate, Gloucestershire, is best known for writing the Harry Potterseries. She chose to publish under the pen name "J.K. Rowling" because her publisher believed young boys might not want to read a book by a woman. She added "K" for her paternal grandmother, Kathleen. After remarrying in 2001, she sometimes uses the name Joanne Murray for personal matters. Rowling grew up in a middle-class family. Her parents, Anne and Peter, married young and both had modest jobs. She has a younger sister named Dianne. The family moved to Winterbourne when Rowling was four, and she started school at St Michael's Primary. Her parents encouraged her love of reading, with her father reading The Wind in the Willows and her mother introducing her to Richard Scarry’s stories. At six, Rowling wrote her first story, “Rabbit.” At age nine, the family moved again, this time to Church Cottage in Tutshill. She attended the Church of England School, where she struggled with math and was placed in the "dunce's row." Around eleven, she wrote a story called The Seven Cursed Diamonds, and she described herself as a bookish child, often daydreaming.

Tere Liye started his journey as an author in 2005 with his first book, Hafalan Shalat Delisa, which tells the story of a little kid during the Aceh tsunami. Over time, he expanded his writing into fantasy with the Bumi series and historical novels like “Rindu” With more than 50 books to his name, his stories focus on family, spiritual, and life lessons. His ability to have emotional depth into his characters has made him one of Indonesia’s most beloved authors.

Point 2

William Shakespeare's most famous works include Romeo & Juliet (1591-1595), Hamlet (1600), and Othello (1603)

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His ability to create complex characters, his mastery of language, and his exploration of timeless themes make his works as relevant today as they were centuries ago.

Shakespeare added over 1,700 words to the English vocabulary, including "swagger," "lonely," and "bedroom."

Shakespeare also coined phrases that are still used in everyday speech, including "break the ice" and "heart of gold."

Shakespeare also coined popular names such as Olivia, Miranda, Jessica, and Cordelia.

Charles Dickens (Feb 7, 1812, Land-port, United Kingdom), was an English novelist, journalist, short story writer and social critic. He created some of literature's best-known fictional characters, and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime and, by the 20th century, critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories are widely read today.

Point 2

Charles Dickens's most famous works include Oliver Twist (1838), A tale of two cities (1859), and David Copperfield (1850)

Point 3

He wrote about things that many people before him had avoided writing about, like the lives of poorer people.

The first book of Fiersa Besari, Garis Waktu, became a big hit because of its poetic take on love, broken, and finding yourself. His other works, Konspirasi Alam Semesta, also focus on deep and personal content. Fiersa Besari loves traveling and exploring new places and often shows up in his writing, making it even more relatable. His stories, filled with personal reflections and emotional journeys, resonate with readers who seek connection and meaning. His experiences in music and life, combined with his love for exploration, continue to influence his writing, creating stories that speak to the heart.

Patrick White’s first novel, named Happy Valley (1939), was set in New South Wales and showed the influence of D. H. Lawrence and Thomas Hardy. He then continued to write more literary works, such as The Living and the Dead (1941), The Tree of Man (1955), and many more. White’s style of writing is dense with myth, symbol, and allegory. His deepest concern is for man’s sense of isolation and his search for meaning. White also wrote plays, including The Season at Sarsaparilla (produced in 1962; published in Four Plays, 1965), Night on Bald Mountain (produced in 1964), and Signal Driver (1982); short stories; the autobiographical Flaws in the Glass (1981); a screenplay; and a book of poems.

White had won a Nobel Prize in literature, at the year 1973. For the Nobel committee, White was worthy of the prize because he had created an “epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature”.

In 1984, she published her first book, titled Bearded Ladies, the book is about a collection of short stories that explored gender, power, and Australian national identity. She then continued to publish her first novel, Lilian’s Story (1984), she also published another novel titled Dreamhouse (1986) both are about women struggling against oppressive situations. Grenville achieved major international success with The Idea of Perfection (1999), the story is about the growing attraction between a recent divorcé and a woman whose third marriage ended with her husband’s suicide, two outsiders thrown together in a small town in the Australian bush.

Grenville’s works of historical fiction examine class, race, and gender in colonial and contemporary Australia. She has shaped a generation and remained a strong, original voice in thematic, contemporary art.

One of Haruki Murakami famous work is. Norwegian wood, Hear the wind sing, The wind up bird chronicle, Kafka on the shore, 1Q84, and many more. Murakami’s works remain significant for their ability to transcend genres and cultures, offering readers a journey into the strange yet familiar terrain of the human experience.

the reason why Haruki Murakami is Influential is because of his Unique Narrative Style, Exploration of Universal Themes, Cross-Cultural Appeal, Influence on contemporary writters, contribution to global literature, and many more

Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations" explains how nations create and sustain wealth. Its core ideas include:

- Division of Labor: Specialization boosts productivity.

- Free Markets: Minimal government interference allows competition and trade to thrive.

- Invisible Hand: Self-interest unintentionally benefits society through market regulation.

- Trade: Free trade and specialization create prosperity.

- Government's Role: Focus on defense, justice, and public goods.

The book argues against mercantilism, emphasizing productive labor and market-driven economies as the key to growth.

Adam Smith is influential in literature for founding modern economics with "The Wealth of Nations", introducing concepts like the division of labor and free markets. His interdisciplinary approach, blending economics, philosophy, and sociology, enriched Enlightenment thought. His earlier work, "The Theory of Moral Sentiments", explored human morality, further showcasing his intellectual range. Smith’s clear, persuasive writing style and timeless ideas on capitalism, trade, and society continue to shape economic and philosophical discussions globally.

Vebæk's writing transcended the traditional boundaries of Greenlandic literature, challenging societal norms and giving voice to the experiences of Greenlandic women. Her works explored the impact of colonialism on Greenlandic society and culture, particularly its effects on women's lives. Through her powerful storytelling, Vebæk shed light on the struggles and triumphs of Greenlandic women, inspiring and empowering future generations. Her literary legacy continues to shape and enrich Greenlandic literature, ensuring that the voices and experiences of Greenlandic women are heard and celebrated.

There are many of his works that were made into movies such as Dilanku Tahun 1990, Dilanku Tahun 1991, Suara dari Dilan , Ancika, Dilan 1983: Wo Ai Ni.

Pidi Baiq has revolutionized the world of Indonesian teen literature. His simple yet meaningful language style, combined with stories that are close to the lives of teenagers, make his works very easily accepted and favored by many people. The iconic character of Dilan and the social phenomenon caused by the Dilan trilogy further strengthened his position as an influential writer. In addition, the hugely successful movie adaptations of his novels have also helped expand the reach of his readers and fans. Thus, Pidi Baiq not only entertains, but also inspires many people, especially the younger generation, to love literature more.

His most impactful work is "Security Analysis" (1934), co-authored with David Dodd. This book introduced systematic methods for evaluating securities, focusing on fundamental analysis of financial statements to determine intrinsic value. It emphasized a cautious approach to investing, prioritizing financial stability and undervalued assets over speculative trends. "Security Analysis" became a foundational text for professional investors and laid the groundwork for modern investment practices.

Graham’s influence on literature comes from his ability to distill complex financial concepts into clear, actionable strategies. His work has shaped generations of investors, including Warren Buffett, and continues to be a cornerstone of investment theory and practice.

Korneliussen's writing often explores themes of colonialism, identity, and social issues in Greenland. Her novel "Naasuliardarpi" (2020) delves into the complexities of family, trauma, and the impact of historical events on individuals and communities. This work earned her the prestigious Nordic Council Literature Prize in 2021, further solidifying her status as a leading figure in Nordic literature.

Korneliussen's influence stems from her ability to bring to light the unique experiences and perspectives of Greenlandic people. Her powerful and evocative prose has resonated with readers worldwide, prompting discussions about colonialism, social justice, and the importance of indigenous voices in literature.

Hwang Sok-Yong most famous work is "The Guest" this novel was made in 2001. The significance of this novel is that it is groundbreaking for addressing Korean-on-Korean violence, a taboo topic in Korean literature. It portrays themes of guilt, reconciliation, and humanity beyond political divides. The Guest resonated internationally for its raw depiction of ideological conflict and its universal message of forgiveness

Hwang Sok-yong is considered influential in literature due to his profound engagement with Korea’s historical, social, and political issues, as well as his ability to address universal themes through a deeply humanistic lens.

Her novels such as The Vegetarian, Human Acts, The White Book, Greek Lessons, I Do Not Bid Farewell, etc.

A Unique Voice that Shakes the Literary World

Han Kang has made a name for himself as one of the world's most influential writers thanks to several key factors. First, his works, such as “The Vegetarian” and “Human Acts,”. In addition, Han Kang is also known for his exploration of historical trauma, particularly in the novel “Human Acts” which deals with the Gwangju Uprising. By bravely voicing the experiences of the marginalized, Han Kang has made a significant contribution to enriching world literature. Finally, the international recognition he has received, including the Nobel Prize in Literature, has further cemented his position as a writer who has inspired generations. Through his works, Han Kang not only entertains, but also invites readers to reflect and seek deeper meaning in life.

As a novelist, Osamu Dazai produced many works, such as Independence, The Final Years, and The Setting Sun. However, No Longer Human is Dazai's most famous work and is considered one of the great masterpieces of 20th-century Japanese literature. This novel is highly introspective, exploring themes of alienation and the loss of identity. Dazai delves into issues like depression, addiction, alienation, and the failure to find meaning in life. The protagonist, Oba Yozo, feels "rejected from being human" due to his inability to understand or connect with others emotionally or socially.

Yozo cannot feel emotions like most people, such as empathy or genuine love, and often behaves in ways that defy social norms. This creates an increasing distance between him and others, making him feel more alienated. In his view, Yozo is not part of normal human society, but rather an observer of the world trapped in a human body.

Osamu Dazai has had a significant impact on the literary world due to his ability to explore deep existential themes such as alienation, depression, and the struggle for identity. His introspective and honest writing style, along with his courage to delve into the darker sides of human life, has made him a highly relevant and influential author, especially in modern Japanese literature. Works like No Longer Human have resonated with readers on a deeply personal level, addressing psychological aspects of humanity often overlooked. Through his alienated, conflicted characters, Dazai invites readers to confront existential uncertainties, ensuring his continued respect and readership

today.

Franz Kafka was the eldest of six children in a Jewish family from Prague. He had two younger brothers who died in infancy and three younger sisters Gabriele, Valerie, and Ottilie who died in concentration camps during the Holocaust. Kafka's father, Hermann, was a domineering and angry businessman who often directed his anger at Franz. This strained relationship deeply affected Kafka throughout his life. Her mother, Julie, was highly educated and worked tirelessly in the family business, leaving her children largely raised by servants.

From 1889 to 1893, Franz Kafka attended the Deutsche Knabenschule, a German boys' elementary school in Prague, which reflected his father's aspirations for social progress. His Jewish education was minimal, limited to a bar mitzvah and occasional visits to synagogue with his father. After excelling in Latin, Greek, and history at the Altstädter Gymnasium, he graduated in 1901 and enrolled at Charles Ferdinand University. Initially studying chemistry, he switched to law after two weeks. Kafka received his Doctor of Laws degree on June 18, 1906.

In his writing, Franz Kafka often raises themes such as alienation, extensional anxiety and absurdity. one of his works is entitled The Metamorphosis (Die Verwandlung, 1915). Tells the story of Gregor Samsa, a salesman who is the backbone of his family. One morning, he woke up to find he had turned into a giant insect. This change makes Gregor unable to work, so his relationship with his family deteriorates. Initially, they showed pity, but over time, they began to see Gregor as a burden. Gregor's physical isolation and emotional disturbance worsened, until he finally died alone. Gregor's death brings joy to his family, who then move on without him.

Gregor's transformation into an insect symbolizes the alienation of modern humans in society and family, especially when an individual's value is measured only by his economic contribution. The insect is a symbol of dehumanization (mistreatment of lower entities), underscoring how Gregor loses his identity and dignity. Gregor's closed room reflects his physical and emotional isolation, while the family's changing attitudes reveal the conditional nature of affection. Through this absurdity, Kafka thinks about the capitalist system, utilitarian family relationships (judgment based on how much happiness it produces), and the human struggle to face the absurdity of existence.

Franz Kafka is considered highly influential in literature because of his unique ability to explore existential themes, absurdity, and alienation. His works, which often depict the struggle of individuals in the face of an unreasonable and bureaucratic world, have coined the term “Kafkaesque” to describe situations that are complex, strange, or illogical, and often resemble nightmares. Kafka was very influential on the development of literature in Europe in the 20th century. The universal themes he raised remain relevant today, making him an important inspiration for writers, philosophers and artists in various fields.

Today, Kafka's works are read all over the world. In Germany, young people read it in school as part of the curriculum. In India, he is known among intellectuals, and he is also popular in Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina. Many international writers mention Kafka in their own novels and see him as one of the most important modern writers of the 20th century. Colombian writer and Nobel Prize winner Gabriel Garcia Marquez, who died in 2014, even said that reading Kafka's novel "The Metamorphosis" was what inspired him to write h

is own book.