·      Brainstorming- thinking about different ideas

·      Freewriting/Journaling- Writing down whatever comes to mind

·      Listing- Making a list of words or subjects that come to mind

·      Outline- Using a neat outline format to jot down ideas

·      Venn Diagram- Two circles used to compare and contrast ideas

·      Webbing/Clustering- A visual method starting with one idea in the middle and others branching off

·      Journalist Questions- Asking who, what, when, where, why, and how about a subject

simple subject- a single noun or pronoun

complete subject- the subject and all the modifier words that describe or qualify it

compound subject- two or more subjects, usually joined by “and” or “or” that work together in the sentence

imperative sentence- a sentence that gives a command or and order. In these sentences, “you” is the implied subject

 

action verbs- show movement or accomplishment

being verbs- “is,” “was,” “were,” “am,” “are”

verb phrases- verbs used with “helping verbs” that include “can,” “could,” “will,” “would,” and the being verbs and more

compound verbs- two or more verbs, usually joined by “and” or “or” that work together in the sentence

          Example: Are drones an invasion of privacy?

          Is cheerleading a sport?

Resemblance Argument: likens the topic of the argument to something else to show similarity; looks at a set precedent to determine new claims

Example: Is being addicted to social media the same as being addicted to illegal drugs?

Should e-cigarettes follow the same rules as regular cigarettes?

Causal Argument: explores the causes or consequences of something

Example: What are the long-term effects of fracking?

What are the effects of high cholesterol on adult men?

Evaluation and Ethical Arguments: arguing whether something is “good” and “right” or “bad” and “wrong” from a moral standpoint

Example: Is the death penalty okay?

Should animal testing be illegal?

Proposal Argument: brings up a problem and a solution

Example: Should the U.S. offer free community college?

How can we raise awareness for bipolar disorder?

·      Difference between implicit and explicit argument

·      Needs claim and justification

·      Process- two or more working toward a solution

·      Product- writing for class, public, whomever

Truth seeking (thought dialogue, examining all sides) 

          And

Persuasion (one-sided)

Subject, audience, and purpose

We cannot say that someone else’s opinion is false.

Claim- our particular stance or argument

Justification- reasons backed by supporting

·      Open-mindedness

·      Suspension of judgment

·      Consider alternate points of view

What are the issues that interest you?

What communities do you belong to?

·      Controversies

·      Problematic issues (for which you personally have no issue)

·      Related issues

Argument

·      Genre

·      Features, format, style

·      Purpose

·      Audience (p. 29-30)

Background, overview, argument

Dialectic thinking: marry the 2 ideas and be a judge (compromise)