Climate change dramatically affects coral reef ecosystems by Ben Ammar Soulayma https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn Coral reefs are the world’s most diverse marine ecosystems. They need to be saved! en-us 2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC 2024-05-31 20:18:18 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f420.png Famous activits soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875173 2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875173 How is it formed? soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875174 As the polyps live, reproduce, and die, they leave their skeletons behind. A coral reef is built up by layers of these skeletons covered by living polyps. The polyps reproduce either through fragmentation or sexual reproduction through spawning.
Source:]]> 2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875174 Definition of a coral reef soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875176 A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals which are made up of tiny, soft colonial organisms called polyps. Polyps look a lot like a sea anemone, as they are related to these animals. They are invertebrates in the Cnidaria phylum.
Source: Wikipedia + https://www.thoughtco.com/how-do-coral-reefs-form-2291791]]> 2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875176 Why is it important ? soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875178 Coral reefs harbour the highest biodiversity of any ecosystem globally. Despite covering less than 0.1% of the ocean floor, reefs host more than one quarter of all marine fish species, in addition to many other marine animals. Additionally, reefs provide a wide variety of ecosystem services such as subsistence food, protection from flooding and sustaining the fishing and tourism industries. Their disappearance will therefore have economic, social and health consequences.
Source: https://www.iucn.org/resources/issues-briefs/coral-reefs-and-climate-change]]> 2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875178 soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875180 “Corals are important to us for many reasons,” Maurin says. “From a practical point of view, they can help protect coastlines from storm events, for instance, and help maintain fisheries that are essential to a lot of people. And complex compounds found in coral reefs hold promises in modern medicine. These are what we call ecosystem services that would be very difficult and expensive to replace.
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]]> 2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875180 How does climate change threaten coral reef ecosystems? soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875184 Climate change is the greatest global threat to coral reef ecosystems. Scientific evidence now clearly indicates that the Earth's atmosphere and ocean are warming, and that these changes are primarily due to greenhouse gases derived from human activities.
As temperatures rise, mass coral bleaching events and infectious disease outbreaks are becoming more frequent. Additionally, carbon dioxide absorbed into the ocean from the atmosphere has already begun to reduce calcification rates in reef-building and reef-associated organisms by altering seawater chemistry through decreases in pH. This process is called ocean acidification.
]]> 2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875184 soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875186 Contributing factors that increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere include burning fossil fuels for heat and energy, producing some industrial products, raising livestock, fertilizing crops, and deforestation. Climate change leads to:
  • A warming ocean: causes thermal stress that contributes to coral bleaching and infectious disease.
  • Sea level rise: may lead to an excessive sedimentation for reefs located near land-based sources of sediment. Sedimentation runoff can lead to the smothering of coral.
  • Changes in storm patterns: leads to stronger and more frequent storms that can cause the destruction of coral reefs.
  • Changes in precipitation: increased runoff of freshwater, sediment, and land-based pollutants contribute to algal blooms and cause murky water conditions that reduce light.
  • Altered ocean currents: leads to changes in connectivity and temperature regimes that contribute to lack of food for corals and hampers dispersal of coral larvae.
  • Ocean acidification (a result of increased CO2): causes a reduction in pH levels which decreases coral growth and structural integrity.
Source: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coralreef-climate.html#
]]> 2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875186 Climate change = Ocean change soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875188
  • The ocean is being disproportionately impacted by increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from human activities.
  • This causes changes in water temperature, ocean acidification and deoxygenation, leading to changes in oceanic circulation and chemistry, rising sea levels, increased storm intensity, as well as changes in the diversity and abundance of marine species.

    • ]]>     2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875188     What actually happened? soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875189 People first noticed coral bleaching events in the 1980s. The problem intensified in 2016, when an El Niño weather pattern, which causes warmer waters in the Pacific Ocean, mixed with an already unseasonably warm ocean and killed off a third of the corals on the Great Barrier Reef. Since then, roughly half the corals on Australia’s famous reef have died in subsequent bleaching events, jeopardizing an underwater landscape 1,500 miles long.
    Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/06/scientists-work-to-save-coral-reefs-climate-change-marine-parks/]]>     2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875189     soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875190  If corals are bleached for prolonged periods, they eventually die. Coral bleaching events often lead to the death of large amounts of corals.

    Reefs around the world have suffered from mass bleaching events for three consecutive years. Iconic reefs such as the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in the United States have all experienced their worst bleaching on record with devastating effects. The bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef in 2016 and 2017, for instance, killed around 50% of its corals.
    Source: https://www.iucn.org/resources/issues-briefs/coral-reefs-and-climate-change
    ]]>     2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875190     Percent of coral bleaching and probability of coral bleaching measured at 3351 sites in 81 countries, from 2002 to 2017. soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875192 Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09238-2]]> 2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875192 What can be done? soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875193
  • Shrink your carbon footprint to reduce greenhouse gases.
  • Drive less. Take public transport.
  • Reduce, reuse, or recycle.
  • Purchase energy-efficient appliances and lightbulbs.
  • Print less. Download more. 
  • Open windowds instead of using air conditioners.
  • Dry clothes on the line.
    • Do your part to help improve overall coral reef condition!
    ]]>     2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875193     Summary soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875194 2020-11-13 00:05:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918875194 TIMELINE OF THE BLEACHING EVENTS soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918952441 2020-11-13 00:48:54 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918952441 1980 soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918963922 First bleaching event]]> 2020-11-13 00:55:02 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918963922 1998 soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918968589 One of the most intense bleaching events
    It led to the bleaching of 42% of the world's corals]]>     2020-11-13 00:57:32 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918968589     2002 soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918974851 One of the severest bleaching events too
    It led to the bleaching of 54% of the world's corals]]>     2020-11-13 01:01:25 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918974851     2016-2017 soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918977957 The most severe bleaching event that has occured in the Great Barrier Reef which killed around 50% of its corals.]]> 2020-11-13 01:03:18 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/918977957 My speech soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/968597665 https://1drv.ms/v/s!AutjwYGFxtJAxjY4vWzvf7fIi-H7?e=BQ1UTp]]> 2020-11-29 11:52:19 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/968597665 THE POSTER soulaymabenammar https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/996576355 2020-12-08 01:20:16 UTC https://padlet.com/soulaymabenammar/j7zog6k2s0gx34kn/wish/996576355