YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Discuss the above theme by incorporating:

1) The relationship between nutrient intake and diseases/malnutrition

2) The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues

Do write your opinion/discussion not less than 300 words and please write in your FULL NAME and ID no. You will be assessed according to the rubric as attached.

Furthermore,if we do not get enough nutrients or get excessive nutrients,we will be having a malnutrition.In other words,we have higher possibility to get diseases.The nutrients we take play important roles in our daily life.Malnutrition increases the risk of infectious and weakens every part of the immune systems.It is divided into two, undernutrition which is lack of nutrients and overnutrition which is excessive of nutrients.One of the example of undernutrition is diarrhea.It can cause malnutrition through decreased intake of food,decreased of nutrient absorption,increased in metabolic requirements and direct nutrient loss.The example of overnutrition is obesity which we always heard nowadays.The obesity occur because we tend to have fast foods compare to nutritious foods.Thus,we take more fat and sugar.

ASSIGNMENT  1 : NUTRITION

Name : Nurul  Faqiha Binti Kamarul Bahrin 

ID No. : 12211115162

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

  You are what you eat. Based on this statement , it is completely true because the food we consume differ in nutritional values which affect our growth, our body metabolism , digestive processess and overall well being. Regular exercises also help being healthy but our balanced diet are the most important. Besides that, we also consume food to get energy for our body and to maintain our health.

   Our health actually is based on our nutrient intake. Either we take excessive or  less nutrition we could get disease or malnutrition. As example , if we are  lack of protein we could get kwashiokor, while lack of protein and fat cause marasmus. Excessive protein can cause dehydration and cause of calcium deficiency. Next, lack insoluble fiber can cause constipation and hemorrhoids. While, vitamin deficiency diseases such as pellagra because lack of vitamin B , rickets because lack of vitamin D and scurvy because lack of vitamin C. Then , lack of calcium cause osteoporosis which commonly found in older females. Excessive of carbohydrate and fat can cause chronic disease such as heart disease , cancer , stroke , diabetes. Diabetes is because of no insulin or insufficient insulin.

  We often heard that malnutrition occur to infants and children. Kwashiorkor, marasmus , scurvy and other malnutrition problem occur to children because at children stage they need more nutrients as at that time, their body development and growth is faster. To make sure the baby is healthy and get enough nutrient , during pregnancy the mother should practise health diet. As for children they cannot simply eat junk food and fast food too often. To prevent from malnutrition children should follow food pyramid diet or taking enough nutrient that needed. Children should include vegetables and fruit in their diet because they rich in vitamins and minerals.Every nutrients have their importants so malnutrition could be avoid if people take nutrients as needed.

ASSIGNMENT  1 : NUTRITION

Name : Nurul Faqiha Binti Kamarul Bahrin 

ID No. : 12211115162

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

  You are what you eat. Based on this statement , it is completely true because the food we consume differ in nutritional values which affect our growth, our body metabolism , digestive processess and overall well being. Regular exercises also help being healthy but our balanced diet are the most important. Besides that, we also consume food to get energy for our body and to maintain our health.

    Our health actually is based on our nutrient intake. Either we take excessive or  less nutrition we could get disease or malnutrition. As example , if we are  lack of protein we could get kwashiokor, while lack of protein and fat cause marasmus. Excessive protein can cause dehydration and cause of calcium deficiency. Next, lack insoluble fiber can cause constipation and hemorrhoids. While, vitamin deficiency diseases such as pellagra because lack of vitamin B , rickets because lack of vitamin D and scurvy because lack of vitamin C. Then , lack of calcium cause osteoporosis which commonly found in older females. Excessive of carbohydrate and fat can cause chronic disease such as heart disease , cancer , stroke , diabetes. Diabetes is because of no insulin or insufficient insulin.

  We often heard that malnutrition occur to infants and children. Kwashiorkor, marasmus , scurvy and other malnutrition problem occur to children because at children stage they need more nutrients as at that time, their body development and growth is faster. To make sure the baby is healthy and get enough nutrient , during pregnancy the mother should practise health diet. As for children they cannot simply eat junk food and fast food too often. To prevent from malnutrition children should follow food pyramid diet or taking enough nutrient that needed. Children should include vegetables and fruit in their diet because they rich in vitamins and minerals.Every nutrients have their importants so malnutrition could be avoid if people take nutrients as needed.

ASSIGNMENT  1 : NUTRITION

Name : Nurul  Faqiha Binti Kamarul Bahrin 

ID No. : 12211115162

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

  You are what you eat. Based on this statement , it is completely true because the food we consume differ in nutritional values which affect our growth, our body metabolism , digestive processess and overall well being. Regular exercises also help being healthy but our balanced diet are the most important. Besides that, we also consume food to get energy for our body and to maintain our health.

   Our health actually is based on our nutrient intake. Either we take excessive or  less nutrition we could get disease or malnutrition. As example , if we are  lack of protein we could get kwashiokor, while lack of protein and fat cause marasmus. Excessive protein can cause dehydration and cause of calcium deficiency. Next, lack insoluble fiber can cause constipation and hemorrhoids. While, vitamin deficiency diseases such as pellagra because lack of vitamin B , rickets because lack of vitamin D and scurvy because lack of vitamin C. Then , lack of calcium cause osteoporosis which commonly found in older females. Excessive of carbohydrate and fat can cause chronic disease such as heart disease , cancer , stroke , diabetes. Diabetes is because of no insulin or insufficient insulin.

  We often heard that malnutrition occurto infants and children. Kwashiorkor, marasmus , scurvy and other malnutrition problem occur to children because at children stage they need more nutrients as at that time, their body development and growth is faster. To make sure the baby is healthy and get enough nutrient , during pregnancy the mother should practise health diet. As for children they cannot simply eat junk food and fast food too often. To prevent from malnutrition children should follow food pyramid diet or taking enough nutrient that needed. Children should include vegetables and fruit in their diet because they rich in vitamins and minerals.Every nutrients have their importants so malnutrition could be avoid if people take nutrients as needed.

Nutrient play an important role to cope with myriad health issues . Most of the disease that appear today is due to the lack of attention of our food intake . Every food have their own roles and functions . Carbohydrates is the body’s main source of energy but if deficiency of carbohydrates occur , it can lead to ketosis , a condition which too many ketones present in the blood. So it is important to consume carbohydrates in a right portion in order to have a balance diet . Proteins is another nutrient that everyone need as it used to build and repair tissue despite being an crucial component of building bones , muscles , cartilage , skin and blood . Lacking in proteins intake can lead to kwashiorkor that commonly happened to children in Africa .Not to forget , vitamin allow the body to grow and develop. It also play important roles in body functions such as metabolism, immunity and digestion . Vitamin deficiency can manifest as fatigue, low energy, irritability, aches, dull-looking skin and other symptoms .

 Nutrient plays an important role in addressing the problem of malnutrition. Every individual should follow dietary guidelines in everyday life so that there is no lack or excess of nutrients in the body. Lack of nutrients in the body can be filled with food sources of carbohydrates, protein and fat. The proper nutrients will provide the right amount of energy to keep weight in the desirable range. As an example, an individual suffering from undernutrition should take enough protein to build muscles and tissues of the body in addition to carbohydrates and fat as sources of energy. On the other hand, nutrients in vitamin and mineral are able to prevent diseases. Eating fruits and vegetables is said to reduce the risk of cancer of the colon, stomach, and lung. In conclusion, individuals should eat most from the based and eat less from the peak of the food pyramid to get the the ideal nutrients for our body.

NAME: NURIDAYU BINTI AYOB

ID NUMBER:12211115025

The food that we eat can give impact to our body system. All the food that we take officially become a good substance or otherwise. If we don’t get right informant from the food, our metabolic system will unable to process and also our health decline. If we get too much nutrient from the food  its will give wrong instruction to our bodies system, we can become underweight, undernourished and at the risk of development diseases and condition such as diabetes mellitus, heart failure, obesity and others.

Nutrition plays major roles in many aspects of cancer development and treatment. Malnutrition is a common problem in cancer patients that has been recognized as an important component of adverse outcomes, including increased morbidity and mortality and decreased quality of life. Weight loss has been identified as an indicator of poor prognosis in cancer patients. Good nutrition practices can help cancer patients maintain weight and the body's nutrition stores, offering relief from nutrition impact symptoms and improving quality of life. Poor nutrition practices, which can lead to undernutrition, can contribute to the incidence and severity of treatment side effects and increase the risk of infection, thereby reducing chances for survival. Weight loss can be caused by eating fewer calories, using more calories, or both.

Higher protein diets seem to have some advantages for weight loss, though more so in short-term trials; in longer term studies, high-protein diets seem to perform equally well as other types of diets. High-protein diets tend to be low in carbohydrate and high in fat, so it is difficult to tease apart the benefits of eating lots of protein from those of eating more fat or less carbohydrate. Higher protein, lower carbohydrate diets improve blood lipid profiles and other metabolic markers, so they may help prevent heart disease and diabetes. But some high-protein foods are healthier than others: High intakes of red meat and processed meat are associated with an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, and colon cancer. Replacing red and processed meat with nuts, beans, fish, or poultry seems to lower the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

 Furthermore, lower carbohydrate, higher protein diets may have some weight loss advantages in the short term. Yet when it comes to preventing weight gain and chronic disease, carbohydrate quality is much more important than carbohydrate quantity. The scientific term for this is that they have a high glycemic index and glycemic load. Such foods cause fast and furious increases in blood sugar and insulin that, in the short term, can cause hunger to spike and can lead to overeating and over the long term, increase the risk of weight gain, diabetes, and heart diseases.

Moreover, low-fat diets have long been touted as the key to a healthy weight and to good health. Carefully conducted clinical trials have found that following a low-fat diet does not make it any easier to lose weight than following a moderate or high-fat diet. Part of the problem with low-fat diets is that they are often high in carbohydrate, especially from rapidly digested sources, such as white bread and white rice. And diets high in such foods increase the risk of weight gain, diabetes, and heart diseases.

Vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of diarrhea, Plasmodium falciparum malaria, measles, and overall mortality. Vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of developing respiratory disease and chronic ear infections. Vitamin A supplementation sustains gut integrity, lowers the incidence of respiratory tract infections, reduces mortality from diarrhea, and enhances immunity. For everyone else, it is important to eat plenty of foods that are high in vitamin A, including green-yellow vegetables such as carrots, kale, broccoli, and sweet potatoes, or reddish-yellow fruits like apricots, papaya, and peaches.

Calcium aids in the development of strong bones and teeth, and also helps the heart, nerves, and muscles function properly. A calcium deficiency often shows no immediate symptoms, but can lead to serious health problems over time. Calcium deficiencies are related to low bone mass, weakening of bones due to osteoporosis, convulsions, abnormal heart rhythms, or even death.

The most widespread nutritional deficiency worldwide is iron deficiency, which can result in anemia. Iron is found in foods such as red meat, dark, leafy greens, and egg yolks. It helps your body make red blood cells. When you’re iron-deficient, your body produces a reduced amount of red blood cells. The red blood cells it produces are smaller and paler than healthy blood cells.

In summary, the  nutrient in food enable the cell in our bodies to perform necessary functions. Plus, nutritions are the nourishing substances in food that are essential for the growth, development and maintenance of body functions. Essential  nutritions is needed to all of body system. Eating good nutrition can overcome the diseases. Adequate intake from food and/or supplements is necessary to prevent deficiency, promote optimal health, improve nutrient partitioning and promote fat loss and muscle gain.

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      What does reference nutrient intake mean? How it can lead to diseases and malnutrition? Nutrient intake is a set of daily intake of nutrients and other food components. Malnutrition is the condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of the vitamin, minerals, and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function. It is divided into two categories which is overnutrition and undernutrition.

      Poverty and lack of food are the primary reasons why malnutrition occurs in a country. All members of low income households do not always have enough healthful food
to eat. Protein-energy malnutrition occurs in 50% of surgical patients and in 48% of all
other hospital patients.In addition, such dementing illnesses as Alzheimer's
disease may cause elderly persons to forget to eat. There is an increased risk of malnutrition associated with chronic diseases, especially disease of the intestinal tract,
kidneys, and liver. Patients with chronic diseases like cancer, AIDS, intestinal parasites,
and other gastric disorders may lose weight rapidly and become susceptible to undernourishment because they cannot absorb valuable vitamins, calories, and iron.

People with drug or alcohol dependencies are also at increased risk of malnutrition. These people tend to maintain inadequate diet for long periods of time and their ability to absorb nutrients is impaired by the alcohol or drug's affect on body tissues, particularly the liver, pancreas, and brain. People with anorexia or bulimia may restrict their food intake to such extremes that they become malnourished. Some people with food allergies may find it difficult to obtain food that they can digest. In addition, people with food allergies
often need additional calorie intake to maintain their weight.

Somehow, nutrient intake can overcoming malnutrition. Concentrating on storing foods that have carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals can assist in maintaining healthy bodies and decrease the likelihood of malnutrition in a long-term emergency..

Simply put, carbohydrates provide the body with energy. They also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when their is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost, and the body will generally become weakened. Proteins help regulate the pH, or acid-base balance, in the blood, are necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes, and participate in important cell formation for cells vital for the immune system. 

Fat in the food source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and
hair, insulating body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature, and
promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body.
Fats are also sources of essential fatty acids, an important dietary requirement and also serves as a useful buffer towards a host of diseases.
Next, vitamin and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. Eating a balanced diet and taking a multi vitamin is one way to curb this
issue and the physiological consequences that go with it.

In summation, as our
standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more
present health problem within our population. Investing
in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how to properly store it for long-term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourishment discussed in this article.

ID NO: 12211115045

You are what you eat

Nutrients are the chemical substances in foods that provided energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process. Our nutrients intake affect our current and future health. Therefore, we are always exposed to degenerative diseases. The common disease related to nutrition is malnutrition. Which is either too litter or too much of one or more nutrients or energy that we take in our meals. In other words,it happens when the human body contains an insufficient, excessive or imbalanced consumption of nutrients.Malnutrition can affect people of all ages, gender and health, it is divided into undernutrition and overnutrition. Sustained malnutrition can harm the body, affecting body composition and function and the processing of nutrients within the body known as metabolism.

When we are having nutrient deficiency it means our diet are lacking in nutrient and does not provided us with an adequate amount of calories, sustenance and protein for maintenance and growth. Usually, undernutrition people have eating problems which are related to the physical process of feeding. Therefore, it may be sufficient to simply increase the quantity and quality of the foods and fluids that they consume. For example, eating nutritious snacks or drinks between meals or increasing the calorie content of their food by adding butter to vegetables or sugar/honey to pudding can be effective.

Meanwhile, when we have excess of nutrient or energy it means our diet is getting far too many nutrients for the body to cope with. For example, people with obesity is caused by excess energy intake, which usually occurs by overeating as well as oversupplying a specific nutrient, such as dietary minerals or vitamin poisoning. Due to being overweight or obese, it can cause many developments of diseases. Therefore, the safest way to lose weight is to aim for slow, steady weight loss by decreasing calories intake while consuming an adequate amount of nutrients and increasing physical activity. Beware of fad diets, which usually require cutting out important nutrients or implementing severe caloric restriction.

In conclusion, we are what we eat. If we take good meals, we get the good benefit from it. Therefore, we need to use food pyramid as our dietary guidelines and as a healthy choice that fit our lifestyle so we can do things we want to do.

ID NO: 12211115037

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

What is nutrient? Nutrient is chemical substances in foods that provide energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process. Malnutrition is caused by eating too little or too much of one or more nutrients energy that can lead to health problems. Malnutrition is divided into two groups which are undernutrition and overnutrirition. For example, if a person has nutrient deficiencies, it is called as undernutrition while if that person has an excess of nutrient or energy, it is called as overnutrition. 

First of all, undernutrition caused by insufficient amounts of nutrient in food and it can lead to many diseases. Undernutrition diseases usually effects on the tissue of the body. Goiter is one of the example of undernutrition diseases which always happen when someone is lack of iodine. Symptom of goiter is when thyroid gland which is located in the neck is getting swollen. Another example of undernutrition diseases is rickets or bone diseases caused by a deficiency of vitamin D. So, it will cause a decrease in calcium absorption that will effect in bone growth.

While overnutrition caused by dietary excesses that can lead to various medical

conditions and diseases. It also may be leading to obesity. Like undernutrition, overnutrition also has its own diseases. Sudden high of vitamin C can cause diarrhoe but a very high dosage can lead to stomach problems in some people. Next, excessive amounts of calcium is so dangerous for body as it can cause formation of small stones in the kidneys. 

The presence of nutrients in our food can overcome malnutrition issues. For example,carbohydrates are very important in reducing the risk of heart diseases and helping to maintain normal blood and glucose level. Then, we have to drink water two to three litres per day to maintain homeostasis and remove waste products from our body. On the other hand, calcium helps to maintain and build strong bones and teeth. Lastly, protein is responsible for the building and repairing our body tissues. So, by eating these nutrients with a perfect quantity, we can overcome malnutrition problems.

In a nutshell, it clearly shows that how important nutrients in our daily life. It

can avoid us from getting any diseases that can affect our health. But before eating them, we have to know first the intake of nutrients that we will eat. So by doing that, we can live much longer without having any kind of diseases.

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“You are  what you eat is the common phrase that we are often use to describe how our body consequences according to our nutrient intake whether it balance ,dificient or over -intake.Nutrient is a chemical substances in food that provide energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process.The basic of nutrients is carbohydrates , fat ,lipid,protein,vitamins and minerals.Nutrients should be take in appropriate portion according the food pyramid.According to the food pyramid,the bottom of the food pyramid is the carbohydrate group,recommending 6-11 servings per day – an aspect heavily attacked by modern nutritionist.On the next level up,we have the vegetables group on the left (3-5 servings per day) and the fruit group on the  right(2-4 servings  per day).The penultimate level consists of the the dairy group on the  left(2-3 per day)  and the protein group on the right(2-3 servings per day).All the way up top is the fat group, which you are supposed to avoid whenever possible. The goal of the original food pyramid was to suggest a healthy diet that would be easy for anyone to follow  so that we are not in a malnutrion catogeries.Malnutriton is a situation which is too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy.Malnutrion can cause negative impacts  on health and survivals.Insufficients intake of essential nutrient can cause  deformities,disease and even death.For example,protein deficiency may arise if a child’s diet shifts from consisting of breast milk consisting solely of foods that provide almost all of their calories in the form of starch and other carbohydrates.Such children ,if they survive infancy ,often have impaired physical and mental development.

The malnutrition causes dramatically increaseddeath rates from infectious diseases each year.The health equation is simple,  improve nutrient is  equal improve your health .Micronutrientmalnutrition is a term commonly used to refer to vitamin and mineral nutritional deficiency diseases. Diets which lack adequate amounts of essential vitamins and minerals lead to such diseases. Vitamin A deficiency, iron deficiency anaemia and iodine deficiency disorders are among the most common forms of micronutrient malnutrition. Other micronutrients found in food, including vitamins such as thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, folate, vitamins C and D, and minerals such as calcium, selenium and zinc can also significantly affect health when dietary deficiencies exist. Although the major malnutrition problems are found in developing countries, people in developed countries alsosuffer from various forms of micronutrient malnutrition. Vitamin A deficiency

(VAD), often in association with protein-energy malnutrition, principally affects preschool children. It is estimated that almost 250 million children in developing countries are at risk, of whom at least 2.8-3 million are clinically deficient. VAD causes night blindness and may lead to xerophthalmia and eventually total blindness. Every year 250,000-500,000 children lose their sight as a result of VAD; two-thirds of these children are likely to die. An estimated 1 million additional children die each year of infectious diseases because VAD impairs their resistance to infection. Commonly available, low-cost foods such as green leafy vegetables and certain yellow fruits and vegetables are rich in provitamin A; regular consumption of these foods in adequate amounts could prevent VAD. Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) occurs in populations living in areas where iodine in the soil has been washed away by glaciers and rains and in areas of frequent flooding. Over 1500 million people in the world are at risk of IDD. This deficiency may lead not only to visible goitre but also to impaired physical and mental development. IDD is the most common cause of preventable mental retardation. In severe cases, IDD leads to serious disorders such as deaf-mutism, cretinism and increased rates of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth and birth defects. It is estimated that over 200 million people suffer from goitre and 20 million have mental retardation, including 6 million who are classed as cretins as a result of iodine deficiency (WHO 1992a). Seafood, which is a good source of iodine, is often not available to groups vulnerable to iodine deficiency. Adding iodine to salt is the most common and effective method of preventing iodine deficiency. Iron deficiency anaemia affects over 2000 million people worldwide (WHO 1992a). It is estimated that up to half of all anaemia is caused by dietary iron deficiency, although in many cases blood loss from parasites such as hookworm and schistosoma are contributing factors (MacPhail and Bothwell 1992). The groups most affected by anaemia are adolescent girls, women of childbearing age and preschool-age children. In some areas well over half of them may be anaemic, but the disorder is also seen in older children and men (ACC/SCN 1991, WHO 1992b). Anaemia in infants and children is associated with retardation of physical growth and intellectual and psychomotor development, as well as reduced resistance to infections (Lozoff et al. 1991). In adults anaemia causes fatigue and reduced work capacity, exacting a high economic burden on society (Levin 1986). Blood loss in childbirth can be very dangerous for anaemic women and is the primary cause of many maternal deaths. Maternal anaemia may also lead to foetal growth retardation, low-birth-weight infants and increased rates of early neonatal mortality. Increased consumption of meat and fish, which are rich in bioavailable iron, and vitamin Crich foods, which enhance the absorption of iron from plant sources, as well as fortification of commonly eaten foods with iron, can help to prevent anaemia.

NUR HASLINA BINTI MOHD REFFLIS

ID NO: 12211115173

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

In my opinion, you are what you are eating is dependent on food intake itself. Malnutrition means lack of food balanced on individuals or populations. For example, a lack of resources such as protein needed to build a healthy body and muscles, while calories are a measure of the energy needed by the body. While the iron is needed to allow blood cells to function properly. Some of the symptoms that could indicate the occurrence of child malnutrition is as very thin. However, malnutrition can also occur to children are overweight.

Malnutrition usually occurs in developing countries, including some regions of the world. If the body does not receive enough energy from food, weight loss due to lack of muscle mass will take place. Children who are malnutrition can not store enough fat and little muscle. Brain development can be affected, and these children are at higher risk for getting the disease because their body can not fight off any infection that occurs. Malnutrition contributes to an increase in the number of deaths among children in developing countries.

Nutrients role in addressing the issues of malnutrition is food intake according to the required quantity. In addressing this issue, parents should be aware of a few things so that there is malnutrition among children. For example, the body needs macronutrients (nutrients that are essential in small amounts) of the diet because the body can not produce these nutrients to meet the body's needs are optimized. Micronutrients include vitamins A, B and C, folic acid, zinc, calcium, iodine and iron. Treatment of iron deficiency include iron intake through fortified foods and iron supplements. In addition, the food should be balanced so that the food consumed carbohydrate, lipid, protein, vitamin, mineral salt and enough water to meet the body's needs.

The conclusion that I can describe is the parents need to provide a balanced diet for children who are still growing because a balanced diet is essential for the expansion of the child. In addition, to take more fruits and vegetables, and reduce consumption of cholesterol and saturated oils. Lastly, fast food and snacks is unhealthy  to our bodies.

ID NO: 12211115070

BCLS

   YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

1) The relationship between nutrient intake and diseases/malnutrition

2) The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues

  The relationship between nutrient intake and the diseases are pretty predictable or common between people nowadays. Generally, we all know that undernutrient or overnutrient can lead to different types of diseases. In example, if we lack of Vitamin C,it can lead to scurry which is the disease where the gums become spongy or anaemia which cause by the lack of iron deficiency.

  People who lack of nutrient also known to have malnutrition for example the kids in Somalia or Nigeria where they did not get the sufficient amount of food which provides needed nutrition to them. Meanwhile, if one is overnutrient it can lead to obesity, which is the key or the start to other linked diseases such as cancer or stroke. What can I conclude here is that people should know their own need of nutrition that are also suitable with their age so that they can avoid both overnutrient and undernutrient because both can lead to various types of diseases.

  Nutrient is playing very important role in our body to keep our body function well. Nutrient is known to defeat diseases because it provides our body with needed minerals and vitamins that are needed in example is tomatoes. Tomatoes contains carotenoid which slower or reduce the growth of cancers and increase our immune system. Nutrient that can be found in most of the fruits and vegetables is also important in our digestive trackwhich is to prevent constipation. Eat lots of fruits and you will have a healthy digestive system.  Furthermore, protein such as meat or fish is also important as it acts as enzymes and hormones in our body.

  Next, by having enough nutrients, it is also decrease the potential of getting age-related disease, such as heart attack, high cholesterol and low blood pressure. It is also supplies enough energy for us to carry out our daily activities to keep us active. It is clearly shown that having enough nutrients in your daily meal in example having right portion of carbohydrate, protein and fibre also not forget fats is very important to avoid malnutrition and other diseases.

In conclusion, people needs to have enough nutrient in order to avoid malnutrition as malnutrition can makes us all becomes unhealthy and lead to the other diseases that cause by the lack of nutrient.

NURUL NABILA BINTI IBRAHIM ZAKI

12211115163

              YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Based on the food pyramid, carbohydrates are the nutrient
that needs to be consumed the most in daily basis. Carbohydrates are the macronutrients
that are most important to generate ATP. They're your body's main fuel source,
especially for your brain, kidneys and muscles. If cars need petroleum to keep
going, our body needs carbohydrates to keep functioning. These sugars, glycogen
and starches as well as cellulose found in plants must be consumed in generous
amount daily to supply your body with the energy needed to carry out daily
routines. Consuming insufficient amount of carbohydrates can cause a person to
feel weak and lethargic because the body system fails to supply enough energy
to accommodate the daily energy consumption of the body. However, when consumed
excessively and continuously, it can contribute to obesity, diabetes and
cardiovascular diseases.

Proteins are also very
much needed by the body. Your body needs proteins to grow normally, maintain or
repair tissues, make hormones and enzymes, help your body fight disease and
preserve your muscle mass. Protein can also serve as an alternate fuel source,
particularly during fasting so it helps prevent lethargy. Lack of protein in
children’s diet can cause kwashiorkor. Prolonged consumption of excessive
protein can cause rabbit starvation which is the feeling of hunger and
discomfort that can only be reduced by consuming fat and carbohydrates.

Fats help with tissue
growth, hormone production and vitamin absorption. They also maintain cell
membranes, cushion your organs and act as insulators to keep your body at
optimum temperature. Lipids or fats when consumed insufficiently can cause
inefficient absorption of lipid-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) and low sex
hormone levels while when consumed excessively, can cause cardiovascular
problems and obesity.

Vitamins and minerals are
also needed by the body in large amount although not as much as carbohydrates. Vitamins
and minerals perform hundreds of roles in the body. They help shore up bones,
heal wounds, and bolster your immune system. They also convert food into
energy, and repair cellular damage, thus keep a large number of diseases at
bay. Lack of vitamins and minerals can increase risk of cancer especially in
obese, elderly and poor individuals. However, excessive vitamins and minerals
can be toxic. It may harm tissues where the vitamin is stored in our body and
this can also lead to cancer.

NURUL NABILA BINTI IBRAHIM ZAKI

12211115163

                                               YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

     Based on the food pyramid, carbohydrates are the nutrient that needs to be consumed the most in daily basis. Carbohydrates are the macronutrients that are most important to generate ATP. They're your body's main fuel source, especially for your brain, kidneys and muscles. If cars need petroleum to keep going, our body needs carbohydrates to keep functioning. These sugars, glycogen and starches as well as cellulose found in plants must be consumed in generous amount daily to supply your body with the energy needed to carry out daily routines. Consuming insufficient amount of carbohydrates can cause a person to feel weak and lethargic because the body system fails to supply enough energy to accommodate the daily energy consumption of the body. However, when consumed excessively and continuously, it can contribute to obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

      Proteins are also very much needed by the body. Your body needs proteins to grow normally, maintain or repair tissues, make hormones and enzymes, help your body fight disease and preserve your muscle mass. Protein can also serve as an alternate fuel source,particularly during fasting so it helps prevent lethargy. Lack of protein in children’s diet can cause kwashiorkor. Prolonged consumption of excessive protein can cause rabbit starvation which is the feeling of hunger and discomfort that can only be reduced by consuming fat and carbohydrates.

      Fats help with tissue growth, hormone production and vitamin absorption. They also maintain cell membranes, cushion your organs and act as insulators to keep your body at
optimum temperature. Lipids or fats when consumed insufficiently can cause inefficient absorption of lipid-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) and low sex hormone levels while when consumed excessively, can cause cardiovascular problems and obesity.

     Vitamins and minerals are also needed by the body in large amount although not as much as carbohydrates. Vitamins and minerals perform hundreds of roles in the body. They help shore up bones, heal wounds, and bolster your immune system. They also convert food into energy, and repair cellular damage, thus keep a large number of diseases at bay. Lack of vitamins and minerals can increase risk of cancer especially in obese, elderly and poor individuals. However, excessive vitamins and minerals can be toxic. It may harm tissues where the vitamin is stored in our body and this can also lead to cancer.

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People are, as the expression goes, what they eat. After all, the muscles in a person’s body, and the blood flowing through their veins, are all supplied by the food that he or she consumes. Understandably, these foods would also have an effect on the way the brain functions.

“You Are What You Eat”, to illustrate, the foods we eat have measurable effects on the body’s performance, they may prove to have an even more critical influence on how the brain handles its tasks. The idea that the right foods, or the natural neurochemicals they contain, can enhance mental capabilities such as by defusing stress. People that cope with stress are in complex carbohydrates highly and they do lack fiber.

What is the meaning of “Malnutrition”? To potray, Malnutrition is the condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function. People who are poverty and do lack of food that riched with nutrients such as wheat, vegetables and vitamins are the major problems why malnutrition occurs in the world. They may lose interest in eating. People with anorexia or bulimia may restrict their food intake to such extremes that they become malnourished. People who are malnourished may be skinny or bloated. Failure to absorb nutrients in food following bariatric (weight loss) surgery. Bariatric surgery includes such techniques as stomach stapling (gastroplasty) and various intestinal bypass procedures to help people eat less and lose weight. Other symptoms of malnutrition include anemia, diarrhea, and disorientation. Malnutrition is, however, a possible side effect of bariatric surgery.

The first step should always be to maximise an individual’s nutritional intake from regular food and drink, often termed “Food First”. Encourage “little and often” which is three small meals with regular in-between snacks of energy rich, high protein foods. People who are malnourished are encouraged to take two courses for each of the three meals and choosing nourishing fluids such as milky drinks, soups or fruit juice instead of water or tea.

In conclusion, we must eat healthy food that riched in carbohydrates, fibers and vitamins to make sure our body is in optimal condition.

This quote is actually a dieting programme aired in various forms by a British broadcasting company represented by Gillian McKeith around 2004 until 2007. From what I can judge, I would say that I do agree with the statement simply because what we eat eventually resembles the physical and mental occurrence of ourselves.

Picking the line from a clinical nutritionist at NYU, Samantha Heller, "Everything you eat becomes a part of not only your inner being, but the outer fabric of your body as well. The healthier the foods are that you consume, the better your skin will look,"

1)  The relationship between the nutrient intake and malnutrition/diseases.

Speaking of what we eat, it is vital to know that what we eat is sufficient enough for our body to stay healthy. The nutrient intake from the meals that we consume must satisfy the proportion of for every classes of food as to ensure that we maintain a healthy diet.As I said before, a healthy diet should contain an adequate supply of all the essential nutrients to prevent deficiency as well as providing the right balance of these nutrients to protect against nutrition related problems. Nutrition related problem basically consist of undernutrition and overnutrition. Lack of nutrient intake can lead to malnutrition diseases such as brain damage and mental retardation (lack of iodine), anemia (lack of iron) and also childhood blindness (lack of vitamin A). On the contrary, having excess of nutrient in our body leads to harmful diseases such as obesity, coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and diabetes. This is not surprising, given the rapidity with which traditional diets and lifestyles are changing across the world. So it crystal clear that we need to be completely aware of what we eat, ensuring the complete proportion of nutrient intake and to avoid any kinds of complications.

2)  The role of nutrients in overcoming malnutrition issues.

Malnutrition issue has never been more serious. Most of the people around the world will eat what they want, but not what they need. We don’t actually realize that those foods that we chose not to eat, contributes most of the nutrients that we need

on a daily basis. One of the most important yet forgotten nutrients that we require is iron and zinc. Low iron your body can make you feel tired, sluggish and depressed while impairing physical work and performance. On the other hand, if you are having some hassle with hair loss, skin rashes and diarrhea, low intake of zinc may be the cause. Even healthy people with healthy diet also tend to forget these vital minerals. Roasted turkey breast and oysters can boost up your zinc and iron respectively in body. Other than worrying about what you eat, you need to be mindful of your portion sizes. Rather than focusing on cutting out any specific food group — from fat to carbs — the research suggests we might be better off simply being a little more mindful about how much of everything we eat.  Some fats and sugar is essential for our body but remember to have them in small quantities, which I can guarantee wouldn't cause you any trouble.Healthy eating is like an insurance policy for your body, but it's no guarantee. Don't skip these essential, yet oft-overlooked, vitamins and minerals OKAY? TOODLES

 Malnutrition  is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems. Based on that condition, food we eat gives our bodies the nutrient as our bodies can function properly. If we don’t get the nutrients from a diet, our metabolic process suffer and health also declines. Same things will occur if we get too much food that can lead to overweight, undernourished and at the risk of development disease and conditionsuch as heart disease and arthritis. A healthy diet gives your body the nutrients it needs to perform physically, maintain wellness, and fight disease. Americans whose dietary patterns include fresh, whole foods like fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, lean meats, and fish have a lower incidence of major chronic disease and especially of diet-related diseases. Unfortunately, the standard American diet (S.A.D.) is heavy in saturated fats, partially-hydrogenated oils, refined carbohydrates, and highly processed foods. This diet, in combination with a sedentary lifestyle, large portion sizes, and highly stress, is blamed for the increase in obesity and associated diseases in the U.S. Diseases associated with obesity include type 2 diabetic, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke, respiratory problems, and certain cancers, including breast cancer in women. In short, what we eat is central to our health. Food acts as medicine to maintain health, as well as prevent and treat disease.

  Nutrient play an important roles in overcoming malnutrition. Plus, nutrients are the nourished substances in food that are essential for the growth, development and maintenance of body functions. Essential, meaning that, if a nutrient is not present, aspects of function and therefore human health declines. when nutrient intake does not regularly meet the nutrient needs dictated by the cell activity, the metabolic process slow down or even stop. Since, most of diseases appear today is lack of nutrient intake, here are few types of nutrient that play their important roles and function in our bodies. Carbohydratesprovide the body with energy. They also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when its insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost,and the body will generally become weakened. Protein is a part of every cell in the human body. Also, equally as important, proteins provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids. Proteins also help regulate the pH, or acid-base balance, in the blood, are necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes, and participate in important cell formation for cells vital for the immune system. As much as we would like to eliminate fats from our regular diets, this food source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulating body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature, and promoting healthy cell function. In addition, Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they can only be digested, absorbed,and transported in conjunction with fats. Vitamins and minerals, are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain your vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet. However, when dietary sources are limited, taking vitamin supplements is an excellent alternative.

  Nutrition is science that studies the interaction that  occur between living organisms and food , while nutrient is means chemical substances in food that provide energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process .There are strong relationship between nutrient intakes and disease or malnutrition.

  What we eat and our nutrition status can effect cardiovascular diseases .Some type of cancer , diabetes, foods diet and nutritional status including overweight and obesity are also associated with elevated blood pressure and blood cholesterol. It also can be resistances to the action of insulin .This conditions can be major cause of illness themselves.

  Undernutrition and its effects on growth , development , and maturation has numerous bad outcomes including the potential to increase risk of developing and non -  commicable  disease later in life. Just like consuming predominantly plant – based diets can reduce obesity , diabetes ,cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer .Plant base diets are high in vegetables, fruits ,whole grains pulse, nuts , and seeds and surely have meats and dairy. This diet help achieve and maintain a healthy weight and reduce blood pressure and also rich in source of dietary fibre.

  Fruits and vegetables are important in preventing disease .It likely that particular vegetables and fruits including cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage  , broccoli and others that are rich in folate.It can protect us from developing cancer of colon , rectum , mouth , pharynx ,larynx and oesophagus.  Beside that , eating a lots of  red and processed meat increase risk developing colorectal cancer .Saturated fat and trans fat can increase blood cholesterol and cardiovascular risk. Higher sodium intake is a major factor for elevate blood  pressure and cardiovascular disease and also probably stomach cancer.

  Over weight and obesity is associated with increased risk of disease or death. It does so by increasing high blood pressure , blood pressure , blood cholesterol , insulin resistance and inflammation as well as hormone level.

  To achieve best result in preventing nutrition – related disease , strategies and policies should fully recognise the essential role of both diet and physical activity in determining good nutrition and optimal health. Policies and programmes must address the need for change at the individual level as well as the modifications in society and the environment to make healthier choices accessible and preferable.

  Healthy diets and physical activity are key to good life. Eating nutrient dense foods and balancing energy intake with the necessary physical activity to maintain a healthy weight is essential at all stages of life .Unbalanced consumption of woods high in energy such as sugar , starch , and fat are lows in essential nutrients contributes to energy excess, overweight and obesity. The amount of energy consumed in relation to physical activity and the quality of food are key determinants of nutrition related chronic disease.

   Civil society should act as advocated by monitoring and assessing policy action being taken by government agencies and commercial operators and their impact on nutrition. They should build coalition across organisations with a stake in nutrition for effective global and national advocacy .They  should likewise work to develop a social movement to create demand for policy change.

You are what you eat

When we talk about the  eating habit we need to take the food content into consideration since the nutrition is a study that deal with the healthy diet. You eat the food and bear the consequences given by those food. It can either be good or bad. People in both developed and developing countries suffer from one or more forms of malnutrition, contributing to the global burden of disease. They tend to be attracted to palatable, sugary, salty, fatty, and smooth foods. These foods are mostly energy-dense and low in micronutrient. Food production, processing, manufacturing, marketing and promotion increase in demand thus lead to less active lifestyles. The resultant overnutrition of especially macronutrients is the major cause of obesity and also, together with obesity, a risk factor for many  of the disease such as  type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, dental disease, osteoporosis, and some form of cancer.

Undernutrition related to poverty, hunger, and food insecurity, leading to stunted physical and mental development, specific nutrient deficiency are causes of specific disease. For instances, lack of iron will lead to anemia, deficiency of protein can cause kwashiorkor and lack of iodine will give you goiter. Also, if there is lack in vitamin A intake in diet will cause blindness as well as increase mortality from infectious diseases especially to the vulnerable children under 5 years. In addition, because of undernutrition, human immune systems are comprised.

Concentrating on storing foods that have carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals can assist in maintaining healthy bodies and decrease the likelihood of malnutrition. Carbohydrate provide body with  energy. They also can protect the protein stores in body. Protein provide the body with special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipid. Fat plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, maintaining body temperature and promoting healthy cell function. Vitamin and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body metabolism and assist in the removal of waste product. It is recommended to obtain your vitamin intake trough fresh fruit and vegetables with regular diet. However, taking vitamin supplement is also an excellent alternative.

Good nutrition, based on healthy eating is one essential factor that helps us to stay healthy and be active. Poor eating habit with unhealthy nutrient intake include uncontrolled eating habit and not having enough of good nutrients each day would lead to malnutrition and diseases. In the short term, malnutrition can contribute to stress, tiredness, and reduce our ability to work. It also can contribute to the risk of developing some diseases and other health problem. As an example, the typical Malaysian diet is too high in saturated fat, sodium, and sugar and too low in fiber such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, calcium and others.  Mostly, the diseases came from high calories foods intake and unhealthy eating habits, so we should eat less high-calories foods especially food that high in saturated or trans-fat and sugar. The food intake that lack in nutrient will lead some causes of death and increases the risk of numerous diseases such as heart disease, diabetes,obesity, stroke, osteoporosis and also cancers, that come from diet that high in fat. Nutrient intake is one of the causes of disability and loss of independence; as an example, diabetes is a leading cause of blindness and amputation. Another example is osteoporosis and bones fractures which the fragility fractures are a problem of older people that adequate intakes of calcium and vitamin D while vitamin A deficiencies can cause blindness and growth stunning in child, insufficient levels of iron lead to anemia and many others. As we know, malnutrition is also the primary cause of immunodeficiency in worldwide, as there is a relationship between nutrient intake and malnutrition and the infection that affected the infant mortality, because poor nutrition leaves children underweight, weak, and vulnerable to infections. Malnutrition in individual would lead to variety infectious disease such as pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, measles and also AIDS that exposed to higher probability of death rate. This is proved that a decreased immune function came from lack of good nutrient intake. 

Nutrition is a key component of healthy life as it affects people at every stage of their lives. However, an attempt should be made to eat healthy as certain foods contain nutrients that are essential to a person’s health. By examining the effects of these nutrients it can safely be concluded that nutrition is indeed extremely important to the health and well being to overcome the malnutrition issues. 

Research has shown that nutrient intake can change the way in which certain genetic factor is expressed by supplying the gene with specific molecules in the food itself. People should be educated about how important the nutrient intake in daily life. Increases the diversity of food consumed will increase both the quantity and the range of micro nutrient rich food consumed. In practice, different types of micro nutrient-rich food such as protein, fiber, carbohydrate also the dietary intakes of oils and fats are needed in enhance the absorption of the limited supplies of nutrients to their body. Nutrients also provide a range of anti-oxidants and probiotic substances that are important for protection against selected non-communicable diseases and enhance immune function in malnutrition person. For infants, ensuring a diet of breast milk is a way of preventing malnutrition as breast milk is source of micro nutrient so that lactating woman should consumed good nutrient in varied diet so that adequate levels of micro nutrients are secreted in their milk. As a conclusion, nutrients are essential in maintaining normal physical and cognitive functions in body and inadequate intakes will lead to malnutrition and develop to certain diseases.

  Dieting implies also eating a particular range of products, which are known as healthy foods. In general, they are the products, which contain little fat and no harmful substances, which are rich in fibre and vitamins and nutritious enough to give one the opportunity to lead the habitual lifestyle without starvation. So the basic products for a dieter fruit, Vegetables, cereals, wholesome bread, juices and skimmed milk.

  Subnutrition occurs when an individual does not consume enough food. It may exist if the person has a poor diet that gives them the wrong balance of basic food groups.Obese people, who consume more calories than they need, may suffer from the subnutrition aspect of malnutrition if their diet lacks the nutrients their body needs for good health. Poor diet may lead to a vitamin or mineral deficiency, among other essential substances, sometimes resulting in scurvy  a condition where an individual has a vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficience.

  Though scurvy is a very rare disease, it still occurs in some patients which usually elderly people, alcoholics, or those that live on a diet devoid of fresh fruits and vegetables. Similarly, infants or children who are on special or poor diets for any number of economic or social reasons may be prone to scurvy.Other than that,,patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia may develop malnutrition because they are ingesting too little food.Furthermore alchoholism  is a chronic (long-term) disease.Individuals who suffer from alcoholism can develop gastritis, or pancreas damage. These problems also seriously undermine the body's ability to digest food, absorb certain vitamins, and produce hormones which regulate metabolism. Alcohol contains calories, reducing the patient's feeling of hunger, so he or she consequently may not eat enough proper food to supply the body with essential nutrients.

  Signs and symptoms of malnutrition include loss of fat (adipose tissue),breathing difficulties, a higher risk of respiratory failure depression,higher risk of complications after surgery and the total number of some types of white blood cells falls consequently,the immune system is weakened, increasing the risk of infections.However in more severe cases skin may become thin, dry, inelastic, pale, and cold.Other than that,hair becomes dry and sparse, falling out easily.Sometimes, severe malnutrition may lead to unresponsiveness (stupor).Children who are severely malnourished typically experience slow behavioral development, even mental retardation may occur

  To avoid overcoming malnutrision,we must take a balance nutrients such as carbohydrates.Carbohydraytes give a lot of energy to our body.It also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when their is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost, and the body will generally become weakened.

  Second is protein,it is a part of every cell in the human body and also important to provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids.Proteins also help regulate the pH, or acid-base balance, in the blood, are necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes, and participate in important cell formation for cells vital for the immune system. In the case of starvation, excessive muscle tissue is wasted and results in diminished health.Protein, like carbohydrates, provides approximately 4 kilocalories per gram of protein consumed, but requires much more metabolizing and processing by the liver and kidneys to put the energy from protein to use.In general, it’s recommended that 10–35% of your daily calories come from protein.

  Fats is much as we would like to eliminate fats from our regular diets, this food  source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulating body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature, and promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In addition, Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they can only be digested, absorbed, and transported in conjunction with fats. Fats are also sources of essential fatty acids, an important dietary requirement and also serves as a useful buffer towards a host of diseases.

  For our information that vitamin and mineral a staggering thirteen vitamins are considered necessary to perform crucial functions in the body.Vitamin and mineral are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain your vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet.Eating a balanced diet and taking a multi vitamin is one way to curb this issue and the physiological consequences that go with some physiological consequences of deficiency include dental problem, inflammation of the mouth and tongue. Other than that,it also can avoid macrocytic anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) and poor wound healing.

  In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how to properly store it for long-term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourishment discussed in this article.

   "You are What You Eat"

  Dieting implies also eating a particular range of products, which are known as healthy foods. In general, they are the products, which contain little fat and no harmful substances, which are rich in fibre and vitamins and nutritious enough to give one the opportunity to lead the habitual lifestyle without starvation. So the basic products for a dieter are fruit, Vegetables, cereals, wholesome bread, juices and skimmed milk.

  Subnutrition occurs when an individual does not consume enough food. It may exist if the person has a poor diet that gives them the wrong balance of basic food groups.Obese people, who consume more calories than they need, may suffer from the subnutrition aspect of malnutrition if their diet lacks the nutrients their body needs for good health. Poor diet may lead to a vitamin or mineral deficiency, among other essential substances, sometimes resulting in scurvy  a condition where an individual has a vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficience.

  Though scurvy is a very rare disease, it still occurs in some patients which usually elderly people, alcoholics, or those that live on a diet devoid of fresh fruits and vegetables. Similarly, infants or children who are on special or poor diets for any number of economic or social reasons may be prone to scurvy.Other than that,,patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia may develop malnutrition because they are ingesting too little food.Furthermore alchoholism  is a chronic (long-term) disease.Individuals who suffer from alcoholism can develop gastritis, or pancreas damage. These problems also seriously undermine the body's ability to digest food, absorb certain vitamins, and produce hormones which regulate metabolism. Alcohol contains calories, reducing the patient's feeling of hunger, so he or she consequently may not eat enough proper food to supply the body with essential nutrients.

  Signs and symptoms of malnutrition include loss of fat (adipose tissue),breathing difficulties, a higher risk of respiratory failure depression,higher risk of complications after surgery and the total number of some types of white blood cells falls consequently,the immune system is weakened, increasing the risk of infections.However in more severe cases skin may become thin, dry, inelastic, pale, and cold.Other than that,hair becomes dry and sparse, falling out easily.Sometimes, severe malnutrition may lead to unresponsiveness (stupor).Children who are severely malnourished typically experience slow behavioral development, even mental retardation may occur

  To avoid overcoming malnutrision,we must take a balance nutrients such as carbohydrates.Carbohydraytes give a lot of energy to our body.It also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when their is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost, and the body will generally become weakened.

  Second is protein,it is a part of every cell in the human body and also important to provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids.Proteins also help regulate the pH, or acid-base balance, in the blood, are necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes, and participate in important cell formation for cells vital for the immune system. In the case of starvation, excessive muscle tissue is wasted and results in diminished health.Protein, like carbohydrates, provides approximately 4 kilocalories per gram of protein consumed, but requires much more metabolizing and processing by the liver and kidneys to put the energy from protein to use.In general, it’s recommended that 10–35% of your daily calories come from protein.

  Fats is much as we would like to eliminate fats from our regular diets, this food  source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulating body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature, and promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In addition, Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they can only be digested, absorbed, and transported in conjunction with fats. Fats are also sources of essential fatty acids, an important dietary requirement and also serves as a useful buffer towards a host of diseases.

  For our information that vitamin and mineral a staggering thirteen vitamins are considered necessary to perform crucial functions in the body.Vitamin and mineral are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain your vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet.Eating a balanced diet and taking a multi vitamin is one way to curb this issue and the physiological consequences that go with some physiological consequences of deficiency include dental problem, inflammation of the mouth and tongue. Other than that,it also can avoid macrocytic anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) and poor wound healing.

  In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how to properly store it for long-term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourishment discussed in this article.

   "You are What You Eat"

  Dieting implies also eating a particular range of products, which are known as healthy foods. In general, they are the products, which contain little fat and no harmful substances, which are rich in fibre and vitamins and nutritious enough to give one the opportunity to lead the habitual lifestyle without starvation. So the basic products for a dieter are fruit, Vegetables, cereals, wholesome bread, juices and skimmed milk.

  Subnutrition occurs when an individual does not consume enough food. It may exist if the person has a poor diet that gives them the wrong balance of basic food groups.Obese people, who consume more calories than they need, may suffer from the subnutrition aspect of malnutrition if their diet lacks the nutrients their body needs for good health. Poor diet may lead to a vitamin or mineral deficiency, among other essential substances, sometimes resulting in scurvy  a condition where an individual has a vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficience.

  Though scurvy is a very rare disease, it still occurs in some patients which usually elderly people, alcoholics, or those that live on a diet devoid of fresh fruits and vegetables. Similarly, infants or children who are on special or poor diets for any number of economic or social reasons may be prone to scurvy.Other than that,patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia may develop malnutrition because they are ingesting too little food.Furthermore alchoholism  is a chronic (long-term) disease.Individuals who suffer from alcoholism can develop gastritis, or pancreas damage. These problems also seriously undermine the body's ability to digest food, absorb certain vitamins, and produce hormones which regulate metabolism. Alcohol contains calories, reducing the patient's feeling of hunger, so he or she consequently may not eat enough proper food to supply the body with essential nutrients.

  Signs and symptoms of malnutrition include loss of fat (adipose tissue),breathing difficulties, a higher risk of respiratory failure depression,higher risk of complications after surgery and the total number of some types of white blood cells falls consequently,the immune system is weakened, increasing the risk of infections.However in more severe cases skin may become thin, dry, inelastic, pale, and cold.Other than that,hair becomes dry and sparse, falling out easily.Sometimes, severe malnutrition may lead to unresponsiveness (stupor).Children who are severely malnourished typically experience slow behavioral development, even mental retardation may occur

  To avoid overcoming malnutrision,we must take a balance nutrients such as carbohydrates.Carbohydraytes give a lot of energy to our body.It also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when their is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost, and the body will generally become weakened.

  Second is protein,it is a part of every cell in the human body and also important to provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids.Proteins also help regulate the pH, or acid-base balance, in the blood, are necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes, and participate in important cell formation for cells vital for the immune system. In the case of starvation, excessive muscle tissue is wasted and results in diminished health.Protein, like carbohydrates, provides approximately 4 kilocalories per gram of protein consumed, but requires much more metabolizing and processing by the liver and kidneys to put the energy from protein to use.In general, it’s recommended that 10–35% of your daily calories come from protein.

  Fats is much as we would like to eliminate fats from our regular diets, this food  source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulating body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature, and promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In addition, Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they can only be digested, absorbed, and transported in conjunction with fats. Fats are also sources of essential fatty acids, an important dietary requirement and also serves as a useful buffer towards a host of diseases.

  For our information that vitamin and mineral a staggering thirteen vitamins are considered necessary to perform crucial functions in the body.Vitamin and mineral are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain your vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet.Eating a balanced diet and taking a multi vitamin is one way to curb this issue and the physiological consequences that go with some physiological consequences of deficiency include dental problem, inflammation of the mouth and tongue. Other than that,it also can avoid macrocytic anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) and poor wound healing.

  In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how to properly store it for long-term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourishment discussed in this article.

ASSIGNMENT : YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Food is the source of nutrients. It provides adequately for the body’s growth, maintenance, repair and reproduction. The nutrients in food can be classified as energy provider-carbohydrate and fats, body builders-protein and essentials-vitamins and minerals. Food is definitely an important aspect of ‘survival’ for humans since ages. It has evolved along with human evolution. Malnutrition is defined as state arising from either excess or deficiency of a nutrient or imbalance between few nutrients. Undernutrition is a consequence of consuming too few essential nutrients or using or excreting them more rapidly than they can be replaced. Overnutrition results from eating too much or too many of wrong things, not exercising enough, or taking too many vitamins or other dietary replacements. Nutritional or food intake has proven to be one of the most important factors with regard to the prevention and treatment of diseases. The influence of nutrition can be both a matter of what is eaten that supports the development of diseases or supports the prevention or slows the progression of diseases. The risk of developing  hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cancer, heart disease are influenced by genetic and nutritional factors. Nowadays, the market is flooded with a number of processed foods in the market. Requirement of nutrients varies for different age groups and physiological status of an individual. Infants, young children and teenagers need additional nutrients. So do pregnant women and lactating. Nutrients loss can be accelerated by diarrhea, excessive sweating, haemorrhage or kidney failure. Nutrient intake can be restricted by age-related illnesses and conditions, excessive dieting, severe injury, serious illness or a lengthy hospitalization. The leading cause of death in children in developing countries is protein-energy malnutrition result of inadequate intake of calories, proteins, vitamins and minerals.  Risk of overnutrition is increased by being more than 20% overweight, consuming a diet high in fat and salt and taking high doses of nicotinic acid to lower elevated cholesterol levels, vitamins B6 to relieve premenstrual syndrome, vitamin A to clear up skin problems, iron or other trace minerals not prescribed by a doctor. Nutritional disorders can affect any system in the body and the senses, taste and smell. Malnutrition begins with changes in nutrients levels in blood and tissues. Alterations in enzyme levels, tissue abnormalities and organ malfunction may be followed by illness and death.

Normalizing nutritional status starts with a nutritional assessments. This process enables a clinical nutritionist to confirm the presence of malnutrition, assess the effects of the disorder and formulate diets that will restore adequate nutrition. The type of nutritional care provided for an individual depends on the presence of disease or potential disease, environment, stage of growth, socio-economic conditions. Mainly there are 4 food types to avoid malnutrition. Concentrating on storing foods that have carbohydrate, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals can assist in maintaining healthy bodies and decrease the likelihood of malnutrition in a long-term emergency. Carbohydrate provide energy. Each gram of glucose gives 4 kcal. All carbohydrate in body are broken down to glucose. Brain and nervous system thrive only on glucose as fuel. Its also function as protein sparing. The dietary protein can also be used by our body for energy yielding but the cost of its main function of body building and tissue repair. An adequate intake of carbohydrate is essential for complete metabolism of fats and inadequate carbohydrate may cause ketosis to occur. Carbohydrate play important role in detoxification process in liver. Every living cell of our body contains protein. Most of these vital body protein are in constant state of breakdown, rebuilding and repair and therefore protein must be consumed in diet for proper growth and maintenance of all body components. Proteins form key constituent of the cells used by our immune system. The antibodies which fight all body infections are protein in nature. The blood proteins, albumin and globulin help to maintain fluid balance in the body.  Fats plays a vital role as component of cell membrane-lecithin, body insulator and protector and promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body. Its also aids absorption of fat soluble vitamins, vitamins A, D, E, and K in small intestine. Fats are also sources of essential fatty  acid, an important dietary requirement and also serves as a useful buffer towards a host of diseases. Vitamins and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow ,help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products.  Physical consequences of deficiency include dental problems, diarrhea, dermatitis and fatigue. In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how to properly store it for long-term use can assist us in maintaining our health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourishments.  

ASSIGNMENT : YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Food is the source of nutrients. It provides adequately for the body’s growth, maintenance, repair and reproduction. The nutrients in food can be classified as energy provider-carbohydrate and fats, body builders-protein and essentials-vitamins and minerals. Food is definitely an important aspect of ‘survival’ for humans since ages. It has evolved along with human evolution. Malnutrition is defined as state arising from either excess or deficiency of a nutrient or imbalance between few nutrients. Undernutrition is a consequence of consuming too few essential nutrients or using or excreting them more rapidly than they can be replaced. Overnutrition results from eating too much or too many of wrong things, not exercising enough, or taking too many vitamins or other dietary replacements. Nutritional or food intake has proven to be one of the most important factors with regard to the prevention and treatment of diseases. The influence of nutrition can be both a matter of what is eaten that supports the development of diseases or supports the prevention or slows the progression of diseases. The risk of developing  hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cancer, heart disease are influenced by genetic and nutritional factors. Nowadays, the market is flooded with a number of processed foods in the market. Requirement of nutrients varies for different age groups and physiological status of an individual. Infants, young children and teenagers need additional nutrients. So do pregnant women and lactating. Nutrients loss can be accelerated by diarrhea, excessive sweating, haemorrhage or kidney failure. Nutrient intake can be restricted by age-related illnesses and conditions, excessive dieting, severe injury, serious illness or a lengthy hospitalization. The leading cause of death in children in developing countries is protein-energy malnutrition result of inadequate intake of calories, proteins, vitamins and minerals.  Risk of overnutrition is increased by being more than 20% overweight, consuming a diet high in fat and salt and taking high doses of nicotinic acid to lower elevated cholesterol levels, vitamins B6 to relieve premenstrual syndrome, vitamin A to clear up skin problems, iron or other trace minerals not prescribed by a doctor. Nutritional disorders can affect any system in the body and the senses, taste and smell. Malnutrition begins with changes in nutrients levels in blood and tissues. Alterations in enzyme levels, tissue abnormalities and organ malfunction may be followed by illness and death.

Normalizing nutritional status starts with a nutritional assessments. This process enables a clinical nutritionist to confirm the presence of malnutrition, assess the effects of the disorder and formulate diets that will restore adequate nutrition. The type of nutritional care provided for an individual depends on the presence of disease or potential disease, environment, stage of growth, socio-economic conditions. Mainly there are 4 food types to avoid malnutrition. Concentrating on storing foods that have carbohydrate, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals can assist in maintaining healthy bodies and decrease the likelihood of malnutrition in a long-term emergency. Carbohydrate provide energy. Each gram of glucose gives 4 kcal. All carbohydrate in body are broken down to glucose. Brain and nervous system thrive only on glucose as fuel. Its also function as protein sparing. The dietary protein can also be used by our body for energy yielding but the cost of its main function of body building and tissue repair. An adequate intake of carbohydrate is essential for complete metabolism of fats and inadequate carbohydrate may cause ketosis to occur. Carbohydrate play important role in detoxification process in liver. Every living cell of our body contains protein. Most of these vital body protein are in constant state of breakdown, rebuilding and repair and therefore protein must be consumed in diet for proper growth and maintenance of all body components. Proteins form key constituent of the cells used by our immune system. The antibodies which fight all body infections are protein in nature. The blood proteins, albumin and globulin help to maintain fluid balance in the body.  Fats plays a vital role as component of cell membrane-lecithin, body insulator and protector and promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body. Its also aids absorption of fat soluble vitamins, vitamins A, D, E, and K in small intestine. Fats are also sources of essential fatty  acid, an important dietary requirement and also serves as a useful buffer towards a host of diseases. Vitamins and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow ,help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products.  Physical consequences of deficiency include dental problems, diarrhea, dermatitis and fatigue. In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how to properly store it for long-term use can assist us in maintaining our health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourishments.  

  “YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT”

1.  The relationship between nutrient intake and diseases / malnutrition.

    Food contain combination of nutrients and other healthful substances. No single food can supply all nutrients in the amounts you need. For example, oranges provide vitamin C but no vitamin B12, cheese provides vitamin B12 but no vitamin C. To make sure you get all of the nutrients and other substances needed for health, choose the recommended number of daily servings from each of the five major food groups: grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, meat and beans.

  It is important for people of all ages to maintain a healthy weight. People who are overweight increase their risk for high blood pressure, heart diseases, diabetes, breathing problems and other illnesses. To maintain a healthy body weight, people must balance the amount of calories in the foods and drinks they consume with the amount of calories the body uses.

  Nutrient is a component in nutrition that involved in the process of body metabolism. Nutrient is a chemical substances in foods that provide energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process. Malnutrition is too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy. Malnutrition divide two, nutrient deficiency (undernutrition) and excess of nutrient or energy (overnutrient). Nutrient deficiency is a condition resulting from an intake of vitamin C or nutrients below that which meets nutritional needs. Overnutrient is a poor nutritional status resulting from dietary intake in excess of that which is optimal for health.

  There are many diseases that people can get if they cannot adopt a healthy lifestyle.  Some of people can get a malnutrition because they not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things or being unable to use the food that one does eat. The other diseases such as cancer, hypertension, obesity, osteoporosis, low body weight, food poisoning and heart disease.

  Associations between intake of specific nutrients and disease cannot be considered primary effects of diet if they are simply the result of differences between cases and no cases in body size, physical, activity and metabolic efficiency.

2.  The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues.

Malnutrition is both a “cause and a consequence of ill-health”. The term malnutrition can apply to various states - under-nutrition, over-nutrition or deficiencies of specific nutrients. Equipping yourself with the knowledge of why we should store certain types of food, knowing the health benefits these foods possess, how they affect our bodies and how our bodies respond when these types of foods become scarce will help you make better choices when investing in your food storage.

  Concentrating on storing foods that have carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals can assist in maintaining healthy bodies and decrease the likelihood of malnutrition in a long-term emergency. There are four food types to avoid malnutrition.

  Carbohydrates are one of the main types of nutrients. They are most important source of energy for your body. For the simple put, carbohydrates provide the body with energy. They also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the proteins stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy but when there is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost and the body will generally become weakened.

  Protein is a part of every cell I the human body. Also, equally as important, proteins provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids. Proteins also help regulate the pH or acid-base balance in the blood are necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes and participate in important cell formation for cells vital for the immune system. In the case of starvation, excessive muscle tissue is wasted and results in diminished health.

  Fat is a type of nutrient. People need some fat in their diet but not too much. As much as we would like to eliminate fats from our regular diets this food source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulting body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature and promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In addition, Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they can only be digested, absorbed, and transported in conjunction with fats.

  Vitamin and minerals are essential nutrients because they perform hundreds of roles in the body. There is a fine line between getting enough of these nutrients and getting too much. Vitamins and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain your vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet. However, when dietary sources are limited, taking vitamin supplements is an excellent alternative.

Malnutrition occurs when the body doesn’t get enough nutrients. It can be caused by an inadequate diet. Malnutrition have 2 types which are nutrient deficiency ( undernutrition ) and excess of nutrient or energy ( overnutrition ). Both overnutrition and undernutrition will affect energy metabolism.

Nutrient deficiency ( undernutrition ) is a form of malnutrition resulting from a reduced supply of food or from inability to digest, assimilate, and use the necessary nutrients. Undernutrition also can cause body lacks of anti-oxidants. Furthermore, the lining gut and respiratory system are weak so pathogens can easily invade.

Excess of nutrient/energy ( overnutrition ) is defined as the overconsumption of nutrients and food to the point at which health is adversely affected. Overnutrition can develop into obesity, which increases the risk of serious health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension and cancer.

Nutrition plays a main role in human resource development since deficiencies in essential nutrients lead to malnutrition, which affects and individuals mental and physical, resulting in poor health and performance. In addition, a hungry child may have a mild to serious learning disabilities and resulting in poor school performance. Thus, malnutrition may undermine investments in education, health and other development sectors.

Dietary changes are the main treatment for malnutrition. To prevent malnutrition, we must eat a healthy, balanced diet. A healthy, balanced diet is a vital for maintaining health and fitness. To stay healthy, we need to eat a basic of nutrients which are carbohydrate, fat and lipid, protein, vitamins and minerals. Lastly, to maintain a well-balanced and healthy diet, we have to eat the food in perfect proportions.  

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

1.  The relationship between nutrient intake and disease/malnutrition.

A healthy diet is an important part of being a good leader. “If you eat healthful foods you will be healthy, if u eat unhealthy foods you will be unhealthy”. “Everything you eat becomes a part of not only your inner being, but the outer fabric of your body as well”, says Samantha Heller, MS, RD, a clinical nutritionist at NYU Medical Centre in New York City.

Nutrition is a science that studies the interactions that occurs between living organisms and foods. Meanwhile, nutrients is a chemical substances in foods that provide energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process. Malnutrition is too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy. Malnutrition can be classified into under-nutrition and over-nutrition. Under-nutrition is a lack of nutrients due to insufficient intake or disease leading to decreased uptake. Over-nutrition is an excess of nutrients because of too much eating, eating too many of “wrong foods”, taking too many food supplements or simply not exercising enough.

People who are not concerns about nutrients intake will get unhealthy body. It’s will become worst if they just ignore about it and they got a degenerative diseases. The degenerative diseases such as gouts, diabetes, cancers, hypertension, obesity and so many. No specific nutrients intake recommended for prevent the diseases. There’s, however, a “safe range” of nutrients intake that is considered to be consistent with the maintenance of health of a population as whole. If the population averages fall outside this range, health concerns are likely to arise.

Our nutrients intake may be one of the best preventive medicines available to reduce our risk of certain diseases. By reviewing nutrients intake and making healthy changes us play a role in whether we will develop certain diseases. While the fullness of the effects of a poor diet is not known there is a relationship between an unhealthy nutrients intake and a risk of disease. If we have a nutrients intake that is high in saturated fats, dietary cholesterol and overall calories and lack adequate amounts of foods and vegetables, we have an increased risk of developing the diseases. Diseases that have been linked to poor nutrients intake include heart diseases, hypertension, type 3 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, some forms of cancer and musculoskeletal diseases such as arthritis and osteoporosis.

By adding certain nutrients intake in our daily life has been shown to decrease our risk of certain disease. According to the American Institute for Cancer Research, lycopene, has been linked lower rates of prostate cancer. The American Heart Association reports that omega-3 fatty acids have been linked to improvement heart health. Unsaturated fats can help keep our immune system, brain and heart healthy. According to Harvard School of Public Health, eating a good nutrients intake with an abundant amount of whole-grains can decrease a cholesterol levels, reduce a risk of type 2 diabetes and cancer.

The amount of disease-preventing benefits we reap from a healthy nutrients intake depends on the amount of changes we make to our nutrition. According to the results of a 2006 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association and cited by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, making modest healthy changes to our nutrients intake leads to modest reductions in a risk of diseases. To receive the maximum reductions in risk of diseases such as cancer and heart disease, a low-fat plant-based nutrients intake that avoids all animal products is the most effective.

2.  The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues.

“You are what you eat”. Foods are much more than just a collection of nutrients, they are wealth of influences and connotations. Rare foods and spices are treasured as special culinary delights. Some are worshiped in various cultures as having a usual holiness or are avoided altogether. The types of nutrients that we choose can affects our moods. Hot, spicy, or stimulating foods ay influence many of us towards hot-temperedness or nervousness. Cooling foods can relax us and give us peace of mind. Foods or nutrients can help us celebrate and comfort us when we mourn.

As we know, malnutrition is a serious senior health issues and common health problem. Malnutrition is the condition that occur when our body does not get enough nutrients. Overcoming malnutrition depends on the underlying cause and how malnourished a person is. Concentrating a storing food that have carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals can assist in maintaining health bodies and decrease the likelihood of malnutrition in a long term emergency.

There are several role of nutrients in overcoming malnutrition isseus.it is includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. For carbohydrates, it need just a simply put because carbohydrates provide the body with energy. They also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when there is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost, and the body will generally become weakened.

According to the United States Department of Agriculture, half our daily calories should come from carbohydrates, so we can determine how many grams of carbohydrates we need based on our calorie intake. At a minimum, an intake of 50 to 100 grams of carbohydrates is required to prevent the development of ketones that the brain can use somewhat inefficiently for energy.

Next is proteins. Protein is a part of every cell in the human body. Also, equally as important, proteins provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids. Proteins also help regulate the pH, or acid-base balance, in the blood, are necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes, and participate in important cell formation for cells vital for the immune system. In the case of starvation, excessive muscle tissue is wasted and results in diminished health.

Protein, like carbohydrates, provides approximately 4 kilocalories per gram of protein consumed, but requires much more metabolizing and processing by the liver and kidneys to put the energy from protein to use.  In general, it’s recommended that 10–35% of your daily calories come from protein.

The role of nutrients in overcoming malnutrition issues is fats. As much as we would like to eliminate fats from our regular diets, this food source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulating body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature, and promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In addition, Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they can only be digested, absorbed, and transported in conjunction with fats. Fats are also sources of essential fatty acids, an important dietary requirement and also serves as a useful buffer towards a host of diseases.

Lastly about vitamins and minerals. It are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain our vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet. However, when dietary sources are limited, taking vitamin supplements is an excellent alternative. Amounts vary for children, seniors, lactating or pregnant women, smokers, heavy alcohol drinkers, stressed, those with chronic diseases or those who consume less than 2,000 calories per day.

Because vitamin deficiencies tend to exacerbate over time, we are typically unaware of being deficient until secondary issues manifest themselves. Eating a balanced diet and taking a multivitamin is one way to curb this issue and the physiological consequences that go with it.

1) Nutrition is a key component of healthy life. Malnutrition is caused by eating too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy that can lead to heath problems. Malnutrition is divided into two groups which are undernutrition and over nutrition. From an epidemiological perspective, the relationships between nutrition and disease have been identified. Malnutritionis based on our nutrient intake. Either we take excessive or less nutrition we could get disease or malnutrition. If we are lacking of protein we could get kwashiorkor, while lack of protein and fat cause marasmus. Nowadays, most of diseases come from our lifestyle and food intake. Excessive protein can cause dehydration and cause of calcium deficiency. Lack insoluble fiber can cause constipation and hemorrhoids. While, vitamin deficiency diseases such as pellagra because lack of vitamin B , rickets because lack of vitamin D and scurvy because lack of vitamin C. Excessive of carbohydrate and fat can cause chronic disease such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes. Diabetes is because of no insulin or insufficient insulin.

2) Overweight and obesity is associated with increased risk of disease or death. It does so by increasing high blood pressure, blood cholesterol, insulin resistance and inflammation as well as hormone level. Eating nutrient dense foods and balancing energy intake with the necessary physical activity to maintain a healthy weight is essential at all stages of life. The causes of malnutrition and disease operate at different levels. In nutrient, has iron and zinc. Low iron in our body can make us feel tired, sluggish and depressed while impairing physical work and performance. In addition, if low intake of zinc, we are having some hassle with hair loss or skin rashed, may be the cause. Vitamins and mineral are also needed by the body in large amount although not as carbohydrate. They help shore up bones, bolster our immune system. They convert food into energy, repair cellular damage, and keep a large number of disease at bay. Excessive vitamins and minerals can be toxic.

You Are Exactly What You Eat

Food is vital as we need it in order to stay alive. Food is taken by everyone, at any time, on the daily basis. ‘You are what you eat’, as the saying goes. Thus, it depicts that food that we eat everyday makes us who we are. How is that so? This is by the nutrient intake that is composed in the food that we eat such as protein, fats, vitamin and carbohydrate, which meets our daily requirements. How could food with good nutrients causes various diseases to mankind?

What is malnutrition? Malnutrition is a condition which is caused by the lack of nutrients in the food taken. Malnutrition is usually linked to lack of calories or protein in food. Diseases such as Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are the diseases related to the malnutrition of the food intake of an individual. There is a fine line between these two diseases, in which, Anorexia Nervosa is a disease which is caused by a very low daily energy food intake by a person, or a restriction of the calorific value intake in order to lose weight excessively in a short period of time. On the other hand, Bulimia Nervosa is the disease caused by the binge of a lot of food with very high calorific value intake, and then later, the food that has been taken is forcely purged, in order to lose weight or prevent the calories eaten to be absorbed into the body.  Moreover, Kwashiorkor is also a disease related to the malnutrition of protein nutrient in food which usually occurs in the areas of very low food supply and is also caused due to poverty.

‘Prevention is better than cure’. Preventing malnutrition is solely better compared to curing it. Thus, eating the right amount of nutrient during childhood could subsequently saves lives. Preventing malnutrition is done by having the right diet on the daily basis, composed of adequate nutrients for the body. Research depicts a strong evidence in which, adequate nutrition from conception till the age of two helps to build up the necessary human capital which is healthy and productive.

Eating the correct and proper nutrition is vital to us. Craving for a healthier diet? Easy, we just need to eat vegetables and fruits in a higher quantity which comes in a huge variety. Like a bed of roses, a diet which is rich in vegetables and fruits help to lower the blood pressure, less risk towards the heart disease and also as a method of cancer prevention. In conclusion, I would like to extrapolate the importance of adequate nutrients in the food taken by us daily to ensure the best state of health.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

It is indeed true that the quality of food that you take in will do a great deal to determine the quality of life that goes on in each cell of your body. Food has a huge effect on your health, and a diet rich in any one aspect would be an unhealthy diet, in the same way that a diet lacking in a certain nutrient would also affect your health.

There are many reasons I believe that you are what you eat. When assessing an obese individual you would now that they have a nutritional problem. Likewise when you look at a frail underweight individual they may have a nutritional problem as well. Your health depends on what you eat. Weather an individual is obese, underweight, recovering from surgery or has a debilitating disease a balanced diet has a significant role in good health. A well balanced diet includes eight to twelve servings of grains, five servings of fruits and vegetables. Also included in a balanced diet are one to two servings of dairy and two to three servings of meats. It also states that you should eat fats and sweets sparingly. These food groups compile a balanced diet.

What we eat and our nutritional status can affect cardiovascular diseases, some types of obesity and diabetes. Obesity is the high energy in the diet or excess calories whether from sugar, starches or fat. The main risk is heart disease, is reduced by eating less salt. Reduction of salt intakes helps to reduce blood pressure, a major cause of cardiovascular diseases. Osteoporosis is the problem of older people. Intake of calcium helps to reduce fracture risks. For example, high intake of dairy products can increased bone mineralization. Other than that, tobacco is the number one cause of cancer. Limiting alcohol intake will reduce risk for cancers of the mouth, throat, oesophagus, and liver.

In conclusion, food has a huge effect on your health, and a diet rich in any one aspect would be an unhealthy diet, in the same way that a diet lacking in a certain nutrient would also affect your health.

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12211115170

  “YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT”

Recommendations were made to help prevent death and disability from major nutrition related chronic disease. These population nutrient intake and physical activity goals should contribute in the development of regional strategies and national guidelines to reduce the burden of disease related to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, several forms of cancer, osteoporosis and dental disease. They are based on the examination and analysis of the best available evidence and the collective judgement of a group of experts representing the global scope.

Obesity-The imbalance between declining energy expenditure due to physical inactivity and high energy in the diet excess calories whether from sugar, starches, and fat is the main determinant of the obesity epidemic. Increasing physical activity plus reducing intakes of foods high in fat and foods and drinks in high in sugars, can prevent unhealthy weight gain.

Diabetes can excess weight gain, overweight and obesity and physical inactivity account for the escalating rates of type 2 diabetes worldwide. Diabetes leads to increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease, stroke and infections. Increased physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight play critical roles in the prevention treatment of diabetes.

Concentrating on storing foods that have carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals can assist in maintaining healthy bodies and decrease the like hood of malnutrition in a long term emergency.

Carbohydrates provide the body with energy. They also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy but when there is insufficient carbohydrates consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will be lost and the body will generally become weakened. Protein is apart of every cell in the human body. Also, equally as important protein provide the body with a special form of nitrogen the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids. As much as we would like to eliminate fats froms our regular diets, this food source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulting body organ against shock, maintaing body temperature and promoting healthy cell function. Vitamins and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and disease, help the body grow, help the body metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products.

In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition wiil be more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how to properly store it for long term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long term affects of malnourishment discussed.

NORFATIN SHAFIQAH BINTI OSMAN

12211115170

  “YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT”

Recommendations were made to help prevent death and disability from major nutrition related chronic disease. These population nutrient intake and physical activity goals should contribute in the development of regional strategies and national guidelines to reduce the burden of disease related to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, several forms of cancer, osteoporosis and dental disease. They are based on the examination and analysis of the best available evidence and the collective judgement of a group of experts representing the global scope.

Obesity-The imbalance between declining energy expenditure due to physical inactivity and high energy in the diet excess calories whether from sugar, starches, and fat is the main determinant of the obesity epidemic. Increasing physical activity plus reducing intakes of foods high in fat and foods and drinks in high in sugars, can prevent unhealthy weight gain.

Diabetes can excess weight gain, overweight and obesity and physical inactivity account for the escalating rates of type 2 diabetes worldwide. Diabetes leads to increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease, stroke and infections. Increased physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight play critical roles in the prevention treatment of diabetes.

Concentrating on storing foods that have carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals can assist in maintaining healthy bodies and decrease the like hood of malnutrition in a long term emergency.

Carbohydrates provide the body with energy. They also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy but when there is insufficient carbohydrates consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will be lost and the body will generally become weakened. Protein is apart of every cell in the human body. Also, equally as important protein provide the body with a special form of nitrogen the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids. As much as we would like to eliminate fats froms our regular diets, this food source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulting body organ against shock, maintaing body temperature and promoting healthy cell function. Vitamins and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and disease, help the body grow, help the body metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products.

In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition wiil be more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how to properly store it for long term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long term affects of malnourishment discussed.

NORFATIN SHAFIQAH BINTI OSMAN

12211115170

  “YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT”

Recommendations were made to help prevent death and disability from major nutrition related chronic disease. These population nutrient intake and physical activity goals should contribute in the development of regional strategies and national guidelines to reduce the burden of disease related to obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, several forms of cancer, osteoporosis and dental disease. They are based on the examination and analysis of the best available evidence and the collective judgement of a group of experts representing the global scope.

Obesity-The imbalance between declining energy expenditure due to physical inactivity and high energy in the diet excess calories whether from sugar, starches, and fat is the main determinant of the obesity epidemic. Increasing physical activity plus reducing intakes of foods high in fat and foods and drinks in high in sugars, can prevent unhealthy weight gain.

Diabetes can excess weight gain, overweight and obesity and physical inactivity account for the escalating rates of type 2 diabetes worldwide. Diabetes leads to increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease, stroke and infections. Increased physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight play critical roles in the prevention treatment of diabetes.

Concentrating on storing foods that have carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals can assist in maintaining healthy bodies and decrease the like hood of malnutrition in a long term emergency.

Carbohydrates provide the body with energy. They also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy but when there is insufficient carbohydrates consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will be lost and the body will generally become weakened. Protein is apart of every cell in the human body. Also, equally as important protein provide the body with a special form of nitrogen the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids. As much as we would like to eliminate fats froms our regular diets, this food source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulting body organ against shock, maintaing body temperature and promoting healthy cell function. Vitamins and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and disease, help the body grow, help the body metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products.

In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition wiil be more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how to properly store it for long term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long term affects of malnourishment discussed.

BCLS

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

As we know , Malaysia was the third country high in obesity and also diabetes Type 2 . So base on that researched this is shown the bad lifestyle and diet eating habit . Nutrient intake is the process by which our daily nutritional intake that we practice in our way of life . If we take an unbalanced diet and harmful , it can have a negative effect on us , for example our body of illness and the more severe can stage chronic diseases that lead to the death . So , by carry out our life by eating unhealthy food will make this situation happen to us in malnutrition condition . Malnutrition is a serious condition that occurs when a person's diet doesn't contain the right amount of nutrients . For centuries man has known that there are direct casual relationships between nutrition , disease and aging . Sailors setting out to discover the new world would suffer from scurvy caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C . Others diseases , such as rickets (Vitamin D) , beriberi (Thiamin , Vitamin B1) , and pellagra (Niacin , Vitamin B3) are unquestionably caused by vitamin deficiencies . Research has linked many chronic diseases to significantly reduced intake , impaired absorption or decreased endogenous production of vital nutrients that act physiologically in our bodies to maintain a non-disease state of homeostasis when present at optimal levels . Inadequate intake of several vitamins has been linked to chronic diseases , including coronary heart disease , cancer and osteoporosis . The goal of this review is to examine the morbidity associated with aging and chronic disease to determine the potential benefits of nutritional intervention .

Nutrient play an important roles in overcoming malnutrtion . Elerly adults also prone to malnutrition as a result of a decrease in both the appetite and intestinal function . Therefore , preventative measures should be put in place for these vulnerable age groups to ward off this health issue . There a few role of nutrition that can overcome this malnutrition condition . First , concentrating on storing foods that have carbohydrates , proteins , fats and vitamins and minerals can assist in maintaining healthy bodies and decrease malnutrition . Carbohydrates aresimply but provide the body with energy . They also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body . The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy , but when their is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks , the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost , and the body will generally become weakened . Protein , like carbohydrates , provides approximately 4 kilocalories per gram of protein consumed , but requires much more metabolizing and processing by the liver and kidneys to put the energy fromprotein to use . In general , it's recommended that 10-35% of your daily calories come from protein . As much we would like to eliminate fats from our regular diets , this food source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair , insulating body organs against shock , maintaining body temperature , and promoting healthy cell function . They also serve as energy stores for the body . In addition , Vitamins A , D , E , and K are fat- soluble , meaning they can only be digested , absorbed , and transported in conjuction with fats . Fats are also sources of essential fatty acids , an important dietary requirement and also serves as a useful buffer towards a host of diseases . Vitamins and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and disease , help the body grow , help the body's metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products . It is recommended to obtain your vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet . However , when dietary sources are limited , taking vitamin supplements is an excellent alternative .

In summation , as our standard of living continues to dimnish , malnutrition will be a more present health problem within oup population . Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how to properly store it for long-term use can

You are what you eat, we all have heard about it. This idioms is famous as the word 'You are what you read', or 'you are what you see'. The idea is same, what get in you, is what you get. That is why in Islam the cleanliness and quality of food is very important as what we will will become our flesh and blood. Generally, to me this concept is true.

Before we talk more about the question, which is the relationship between nutrient intake and diseases or malnutrition , first we must know what is nutrient ? Based on our lecture note, nutrient mean chemical substances in foods that provide energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process. the second term that we must know also is diseases. What are diseases? These are illness or sickness characterize by specific sign and symptom. This is the opposite of healthy. Next, malnutrition mean too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy. This can be further separated into undernutrition or Overnutrition that mean Nutrient Deficiency and Excess of Nutrient or energy respectively. In simple term, both are bad news for us.

So does this two have any relationship? the answer is yes. They have significant relationship. Our nutrient intake play major role in our own health. Because most of the disease come from our food. For example, in overnutrition people who take a lot of fat and calories tent to develop diseases such as obesity , cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. There are also vitamin poisoning if a person take too much vitamin supplement and this can cause toxicity. All this can happen, if we take too much of what we need . What if we take less? Does it help? Do not forget that if we take too little nutrition we will also be in trouble. In undernutrition , if we take too little protein in our diet during our childhood, we are prone to kwashiorkor. This is the classic example. Other examples, osteoporosis is happen when our calcium storage is low because low or calcium intake in the diet during young. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children. Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter. Iron deficiency will lead to most common blood related condition, iron deficiency anemia. So the list can go on and on. This shows us that the nutrition intake have a significant relationship with diseases and malnutrition. 

Now, how to overcome all the problem that we have listed above? Every problem must have a solution. Either we know it or not know it yet. So what is the role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues? The simple answer is moderation. This is very simple but trust me, it is very broad. All people must eat, but to be healthy and maintain the health we must eat based on the food pyramid concept and also the dietary guidelines. In the food pyramid , the most abundance and the food that must take the most are the carbohydrate group such as the bread, cereal and most famous in Malaysia is rice. The next group that a bit lesser than the carbohydrate are the fruits and vegetables. This give us the vitamin and fiber. Next group with the second smallest portion are the protein and milk and nut. The least food that we should take is the all favorite sweets and fat and cakes and so on. This is based on the food pyramid concept alone. We also learn the dietary guidelines. These consist of eating a variety of foods, balance the food you eat with physical activity meaning maintain or improve your weight, choosing a diet with plenty of grain products, vegetables and fruits, choosing a diet low in fat, saturated fat and cholesterol choosing a diet moderate in sugars and choosing a diet moderate in salt and sodium. This just the remake of the food pyramid in words. 

But this so long and boring explanation can be simplify in a few words only. Variety, Balance and Moderation. This what we get from our lectures. And as a muslim, we add one more, halal.

Hopefully this can help us in maintaining our happy and healthy life. All this healthy diet will lead to vitality, healthy body weight, decrease chronic and infectious diseases and longevity. I hope all of us will be healty and happy.

Thanks

“You are what you eat". This phrase is true metaphorically, and makes sense when one thinks about it logically, in a deeper stage. Food that we consume affects our image, which refers to the ‘you’ in said phrase. The food that we eat does not represent us literally, but our image in the long run. Food is necessity to live, people need the nutrients and vitamins from the food we eat to survive, but food has certainly become far more than a means of survival for most people. The food you choose to eat will shape your appearance and affect your health and well being. Different types of food differ in their nutritional values, which affect  growth. 

Malnutrition is a serious condition that occurs when a person’s diet doesn't contain the right amount of nutrients. Malnutrition means "poor nutrition" and refer to undernutrition and overnutrition. Undernutrition is the situation whenyou don’t get enough nutrients while overnutrition is vice versa which is you get more nutrients than you need. It can occur when a person’s diet lacks essential nutrients. Common signs of malnutrition include weight loss, obesity, tiredness and lethargy, alterations in mood, loss of appetite, disinterest in food or fluids, general ‘slowing up’, such as taking a long time to understand and answer questions. Malnutrition can lead to increased risk of illness and infection, slower wound healing, increased risk of falls, difficulty keeping warm, reduced energy levels, and reduced muscle strength. Micronutrient and electrolyte deficiencies may also affect cardiac function, particularly during refeeding. 

To ensure you are eating well try to eat 2-3 portions of high protein foods every day (meat, fish, eggs, nuts, beans). Eat or drink 2-3 portions of dairy foods every day (cheese, milk and yoghurt). Take a serving of starchy food at each meal ( bread, cereal, potatoes, pasta , rice). Eat some fruit and vegetables every day and if possible try for 5 portions and drink at least 6-8 glasses or mugs of fluid every day. Preventing malnutrition with a balanced diet is essential for health and well-being. One of them are eat ‘little and often’ by try a small snack between meals and a dessert after meals. You must drinking plenty of fluids can help to prevent fatigue. Try to have drinks with, and between meals. Try not to have drinks just before meals to avoid feeling too full to eat. Choose milky drinks, for example full fat milk, hot chocolate, and remember hot drinks may help to keep you warm. Avoid low fat or diet versions of foods and fluids for example skimmed or semi-skimmed milk, low fat yoghurt, diet drinks and others. Choose meals that you enjoy, are easy to prepare and eat, and are high in calories.  

SITI AISHAH BINTI ABU BAKAR/12212115151/BEHC/GROUP6

Assignment1: YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Nutrition is a key component of healthy life as it affects people at every stage of their lives. Nutrition is a science that studies the interaction that occur between living organisms and food, while nutrient means chemical substances in food that provides energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process. There are strong relationship between nutrient intakes and diseases/malnutrition. Malnutrition or malnourishmentis a condition that results from eating a diet in whichnutrientsare either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems.It may involvecalories,protein, carbohydrates, vitaminsorminerals. Based on that condition, food we eat gives our bodies the nutrient as our bodies can function properly. If we don’t get the nutrients from a diet, our metabolic process suffer and health also declines. Same things will occur if we get too much food that can lead to overweight , undernourished and at the risk of development disease and condition such as heart disease and arthritis. A healthy diet gives our body the nutrients it needs to perform physically , maintain wellness , and fight disease.

 Infection and malnutrition have always been intricately linked. Malnutrition is the primary cause of immunodeficiency worldwide, and we are learning more and more about the pathogenesis of this interaction. Micronutrient deficiencies have effects such as poor growth, impaired intellect, and increased mortality and susceptibility to infection. The worldwide magnitude of parasite infection is enormous. Nutritional deficiencies associated with pregnancy are associated with poor immune response to infection. Because this immune deficiency is partially compensated by breast-feeding, this is the single best way to protect infants from infection. Malnutrition and nutritional alterations, common complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection, include disorders of food intake, nutrient absorption. Malnutrition is the primary cause of immunodeficiency worldwide. There is a strong relationship between malnutrition and infection and infant mortality, because poor nutrition leaves children underweight, weakened, and vulnerable to infections, primarily because of epithelial integrity and inflammation. Five infectious diseases—pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, measles, and AIDS—account for more than one-half of all deaths in children aged below than 5 years. 

 Next, the role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. Firstly, carbohydrates. Carbohydrates provide energy to the body. It also has a symbolic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy but when there is insufficient carbohydrates consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as a result, body protein will also be lost and the body will generally be weakened. Then, proteins. Protein is a part of every cell in the human body. Proteins provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids. Proteins can also help to regulate the pH,or acid-base balance in the blood, are necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes and participate in important cell formation for cells vital for immune system. Furthermore, it also includes fats. This food source plays a vital role in maintaining healthy hair and skin, insulating body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature and promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body. Fats are also sources of essential fatty acids. And last but not least, vitamins and minerals. They are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain our vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet. 

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YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT Nutrient is very crucial in our daily life. The lack of nutrient is you will face the side effect in the future. So that you have to make sure that you get enough nutrient in your body since it is compulsory. The nutrients found in all foods and drinks provide nourishment for the body. This nourishment is in the form of substance which provide energy. Nutrient such as protein, carbohydrates, fibre and vitamins & minerals are vital for our body. While malnutrition is a serious condition that occurs when a person's diet doesn't contain the right of nutrients. Furthermore, malnutrition is caused by having an inadequate diet. There are many reasons why these might happen, including having reduced mobility, a long-term health condition, or a low income. The signs of nutrition are weak muscles, feeling tired all the time. The main sign of overnutrition is begin overweight. However, people with undernutrition can also be overweight if they eat a diet high in energy, but low in other nutrients. The essential nutrients for our body include carbohydrates, protein, and lipids (fats), as well as fiber, vitamins, minerals and water soluble-the solvent for all soluble ingredients in the blood and cells. The absorption of nutrients starts the moment we begin to digest our food, as they are transported to assist all the metabolic processes in the human body. Nutrients is very important to our body. Nutrients such as carbohydrates provide energy to our body. They also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the proteins stores in the body. While the proteins is a part of every cell in the human body. Protein helps regulate the pH, or acid-base. It is important for immune system. Protein like carbohydrates provides approximately 4 kilocalories per gram of protein consumed, but requires much more metabolizing and processing by the liver and kidneys to put the energy from protein used. In addition, fats is vital in maintaining healthy skin and hair and promoting healthy cell function. Vitamins A, D, E, and K is fat soluble that they can be only digested, absorb, and trasnported in conjunction with fats. Vitamins are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and desease. Vegetables and fruits rich of vitamins that you can consume. Malnutrition was ate the forefront of the health issues and as the result, suffered short and long-term effects of this problem . Equipping yourself with the knowledge of why we should store certain type of food possess, how they affect our bodies, and how our bodies respond when these type of food become scare will help you make better choices when investing in your food storage.

Excessive consumption of carbohydrates can lead to diabetes where ones consume large amount of rice noodles and grains. Fats and carbohydrates are also the two vital nutrients besides protein, which are needed to keep your body healthy. While eating moderately is good, excessive intake of fats and carbohydrates may cause complications such as cancer and obesity.

Neither too much nor too less nutrient are good. Lack of protein intake can cause kwashiorkor that can be identified by swelling of extremes and belly. Many people avoid carbohydrates due to concerns about weight gain but carbohydrates are needed for the body to function. Too less consuming carbohydrates also lead to health a problem which is hypoglycemia in other word, low blood sugar. See, skipping to much carbohydrate can cause health problems. Lack of vitamins can cause scurvy and rickets. So, eating right amount of vitamins are good for health. Besides that, protein and energy malnutrition and deficiencies of specific nutrient such as iron and zinc can increase the susceptibility to infection.

To maintain our health, we also need to consume vegetables and fruits to obtain vitamins and fibres. Therefore, ones need to have a balanced diet. Ones can follow the food pyramid to get a good balanced diet. Instead of having a balanced diet, we also need to practice healthy lifestyle for example, exercise 30 minutes three times a week. Hence, watch what you eat because you are what you eat.

MALNUTRITION.

Interactions between nutrition intake and malnutrition or infection complex that can cause the major public health problem in the world. Growth retardation has been shown to have some relationship with malnutrition or disease. The disease can lead to a loss of appetite, decreased efficiency of food and nutrient intake, to increased energy requirements, and to decreased rates of child growth. For example, the relationship between diarrheal disease and physical growth in children has been shown in several studies. It is usually can cause malnutrition that caused by either low food intake (nutrition intake) or infection, as both are related together, while other wider socio-economic factors may have contributed.

Besides, infection and malnutrition have always been linked together. Malnutrition is the primary cause of immunodeficiency worldwide with infants, children, adolescents, and the elderly most affected. There is a strong relationship between malnutrition and infection and infant mortality, because poor nutrition leaves children underweight, weakened, and highly exposed to infections and other disease. Micronutrient deficiencies or malnutrition have effects such as poor growth, impaired intellect, and increased mortality and susceptibility to infection. Furthermore, nutritional deficiencies associated with pregnancy can cause poor immune response to infection. Because this immune deficiency is came from breast-feeding, this is the single best way to protect infants from infection. Under-nutrition is not necessarily caused by a lack of food, and it is not unique to poor populations. Even in rich nations, there are malnourished people.

ROLE OF NUTRITION IN OVERCOMING MALNUTRITION ISSUES.

Nowadays, more 2 billion people are affected by malnutrition or micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamins A, C, and E and minerals zinc, iron, and iodine. Micronutrients have a relationship to antibody formation and the development of the immune system. These ill effects are preventable by supplements, and diet change.

The first is, Vitamin A which maintains the integrity of the epithelium in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of diarrhea and other diseases. Vitamin A deficiency also increases the risk of developing respiratory disease and chronic ear infections. Vitamin A can lower the incidence of respiratory tract infections, reduces mortality from diarrhea, and enhances immunity. Measles also depletes the body's supply of vitamin A.

Next is Vitamin E. Vitamin E act as an antioxidant. Vitamin E can improve immune function especially in the elderly. This enhancement of immune function and can become resistance to influenza virus infection in aged mice and a reduced risk of acquiring upper respiratory infections in nursing home residents and it’s has been shown in several studies.

Next, Vitamin D supplements may offer a cheap and effective immune system boost against tuberculosis. Vitamin D was used to treat tuberculosis and can enhance the immune system's ability to fight with any infection.

Lastly, Zinc is some mineral that is essential and is required for the activities of enzymes, carbohydrate and energy metabolism and others. Low blood zinc concentrations have also been found in patients with tuberculosis, diarrheal disease, and pneumonia. Zinc deficiency is associated with abnormal pregnancy outcomes and other conditions including alcoholism, kidney disease, burns, inflammatory bowel disease, and HIV infection.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Infection and malnutrition have always been intricately linked to the nutrients intake. Malnutrition is the primary cause of immunodeficiency worldwide, and we are learning more and more about the pathogenesis of this interaction. Micronutrient

deficiencies have effects such as poor growth, impaired intellect, and increased mortality and susceptibility to infection. Nutritional deficiencies associated with pregnancy are related with poor immune response to infection because this immune deficiency is partially compensated by breast-feeding, this is the single best way to protect infants from infection.

Malnutrition and nutritional alterations, common complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection, include disorders of food intake, nutrient absorption, and intermediary metabolism and play a significant and independent role in morbidity and mortality. There is a strong relationship between malnutrition,

infection and infant mortality with the nutrients intake because poor nutrition leaves children underweight, weakened, and vulnerable to infections, primarily because of epithelial integrity and inflammation. Protein deficiency (kwashiorkor), more than total calorie deficiency (marasmus), was the predominant basis of nutrition problems, because severe protein deficiency bore a definite relationship to antibody formation and the development of the immune system in infants and children.

Besides, the nutrients intake play a significant role in overcoming malnutrition issues. For an instance, total parenteral nutrition had a variable effect on body composition,

with repletion occurring in patients with eating disorders or malabsorption syndromes and progressive depletion occurring in patients with serious systemic infections. Enteral nutrition also can increase body mass in patients with AIDS without severe malabsorption. The results of these studies indicate that nutritional support can improve nutritional status in properly selected patients with AIDS.

The intake of breast milk for infants helps to supply the ideal mix, density, and physiological form of nutrients to promote adequate infant growth and development. It helps to reduce exposure of infants to enteropathogens because of its antibacterial and antiviral properties and diminishes the risk of developing celiac disease. Moreover, by consuming foods which contain high iron include clams, liver, sunflower seeds, nuts, beef, lamb, beans, whole grains, dark leafy greens (spinach), dark chocolate, and tofu can help to lesser the damage to the body, increases the body's defenses against disease and magnifies body and brain functions.

In our understanding of this interaction between nutrient intake and malnutrition, it is important to remember that a decreased immune function is not always a defective one, and many indicators of nutritional status are not reliable during infection. The 21st century provides new information and new challenges. With new technologies and political changes, it is hoped that a healthier, more disease-free, and better-nourished population will emerge. Last but not least, bear in mind that we are what we eat.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

“You are what you eat” the theme is basically told us that whatever we eat are what we are going to transform. Well it is just a phrase that can be a useful to make us realize that everything we eat becomes a part of not only our inner being, but the outer fabric of our body as well. The healthier the foods are that we consume, the better our health will be.

Firstly, to be healthy we should consume nutritious foods. Food provides a range of different nutrients. Some nutrients provide energy, while others are essential for growth and maintenance of the body. Carbohydrate, protein and fat are macronutrients that we need to eat in relatively large amounts in the diet as they provide our bodies with energy and also for growth and maintenance of a healthy body. Whole vitamins and minerals are micronutrients which are only needed in small amounts, but they are also essential to keep us healthy. To become healthy, we should get all the nutrients by eating a healthy and also a varied diet according to the food pyramid.

For a simple view, the relationship between nutrient intake and diseases such as malnutrition is actually depending on the nutrients gained by the body. Nutrients make our body healthy and keep it that way. Basically it is what keeps us alive while malnutrition is a state of being rather than a substance or element. It means that our body does not have enough nutrients to keep it going for so long or there is too much so we tend to get diseases and cause a health problem. Basically malnutrition term is used to specifically refer to undernutrition where there is not enough calorie or protein.

As for the role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues, the main role of nutrient is to supply energy and raw materials for metabolism so to overcome malnutrition the nutrient’s role and job should not be stopped. As we all know, most of the issue related to malnutrition often related to high food prices and poverty so it causes gastroenteritis, pneumonia, malaria and also measles. By helping poor people with donated nutritious food such as fresh foods, the people can get enough nutrients to recover from the disease. Breastfeeding also can reduce rates of malnutrition and death in children since the nutrient can be obtained directly from their mother.

Lastly we can conclude that everyone needs an essential nutrient such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins and water in an adequate amount provided by the diet, this is to make sure that the body can function properly. We need a variety of different foods to provide the right amounts of nutrients for good health.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

The relationship between nutrient intake and malnutrition is common nowadays. First of all we have to know what nutrients are. Nutrients are chemical substances in foods that provide energy as well as structure and help to regulate the body process. It is determined by how much the body needs to stay healthy. Besides that, it can be obtained in a variety of ways such as from eating diet or taking any supplement.  Malnutrition is caused by taking too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy that can lead to a variety of health problems. It’s dividing to two groups which are Under-nutrition and Over-nutrition.

This nutrient deficiencies or under-nutrition will occurs when the body doesn’t absorb the necessary amount of the nutrients. It can also lead to a variety of health problems such as problems of digestion, skin problem and defective bone growth. The most widespread nutritional deficiency is iron deficiency which can result in anemia. According to the World Health Organization, over 30 percent of the world’s population suffers from this condition. Another example of nutrition deficiency is calcium deficiency. Calcium helps in the development of strong bones and teeth. It also helps the heart, nerves and muscle to function properly. 

While the over-nutrition occur when a person take exceeds than necessary requirements for the amount of essential nutrients or the amount of calories a person need to stay healthy. In most cases, people who suffer from over-nutrition gain excess weight and this can cause many serious problems to the human body. Example sudden high of vitamin C can cause diarrhea. It also can increase risk of developing heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and even some cancers. The World Health Organization recently reported that over 65% of the world's population lives in countries where over-nutrition results in more death than under-nutrition Over-nutrition is most prevalent in high-income, developed countries, such as the United States and regions of Europe.

The role of nutrients in overcome the malnutrition are a well-balanced diet must be consumed and  might need to gradually increase the number of calories through several small meals at regular intervals during the day. Nutritional supplements, or liquid nutrition, might be needed, depending on the severity of the malnutrition. Second, monitor eating habits and conditions. If malnutrition occurs due to environmental, financial or psychological reasons, ongoing supervision might be necessary to ensure that adequate nutrition is consumed. Learn about nutrition and how to maintain a balanced diet. We can eat by following the food pyramid. Besides that, we can take vitamin supplement such as vitamin B12 with folic acid is needed for the maturation of red blood cells and the synthesis of DNA. It is also needed for normal nerve function. We need to eat more vegetables because some of them contain vitamin C such as cauliflower, melons, strawberries and dark green vegetables. The body uses Vitamin C for healing wounds and building immunity. The body uses Vitamin C for healing wounds and building immunity. Lastly, we should consume most of your calories from grains, breads and cereals. Choose whole grain options; the more fiber the better—an optimal amount is 5 g per serving. Limit milk and milk products to three servings per day and consume only non fat or low-fat options.

In conclusion, taking a balance diet in our daily is very important. By taking the right food can bring a lot of benefits to us. It can also lower the risk of getting any disease that cause by this nutrients intake such as heart disease, diabetes and hypertension. So we need to use food pyramid as our guideline to ensure all things are smooth.

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Nutrition is the intake of food,considered in relation to the body's dietary needs. Good nutrition-an adequate,well balanced diet combined with regular physical activity is a cornerstone of good health. Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity,increased susceptibility to diseases,impaired physical and mental development,and reduced productivity.

There are six categories of nutrients that the body need acquire from food: protein,carbohydrate,fat,fibers,vitamins and minerals,and water. All of these need to be consumed in a correct amount in order to stay healthy. If we did not get all the nutrient in its exact amount,malnutrition could be occur.

Malnutrition is a condition when the body does t absorb the necessary amount of nutrient. It can lead to variety of health problems such as problems of digestion,skin problems,stunted or defective bone growth. This is because each nutrient play their own role to maintain our body in a healthy condition.. Example of malnutrition is Iron deficiency. It can lead to anemia. Iron can be found in food such as red meat,egg yolks, and leafy greens. It helps our body in red blood cells production. So,when iron-deficient occur,body will produce a reduced amount of red blood cell. The red blood cell produced are smaller and paler than the healthy red blood cell.

According to World Health Organization,over 30 percent of the worlds population suffers from this condition. It is prevalent in both developing and industrialized countries(WHO). In fact, iron deficiency anemia affects so many people that is now widely recognized as a public health epidemic.

Another example of malnutrition is vitamin A deficiency. According to WHO,a lack of vitamin a can lead to preventable blindness in children. Pregnant women who are deficient in vitamin A have higher maternal mortality rates as well(WHO).

Vitamin A is crucial for eye health and functioning,reproductive health in men and women,and also strengthening the immune system against infections. For a newborn babies,the best source of it is breast milk. For everyone else,it is important to eat plenty of food in vitamin A,including green-yellow vegetables such as carrots and sweet potatoes.

In conclusion,it is vital for us to consumed enough potion of nutrient in our daily life. Nutrient helps us a lot in body system development. Basic step to get a healthy diet is to follow the food pyramid. No matter how good is the food,if it is lack in nutrition,it should be prevented.That is because of you are what you eat.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

You are what you eat?the question is,is it this statement is true are not,lets discover it.As we are already know,the relationship between nutrients and malnutrition are related to each others.Why?this is because the meaning of nutrients are the chemical substances in food nourishes the body by providing energy building materials and factors the regulate needed chemical reaction,while malnutrition that we can said that as a state arising from either excess or defining of nutrient or imbalance between few nutrients.

Food is the source of nutrients,its provides adequately for the body growth,maintain repair and reproduction.If we are choosing are good food,it can effect for our body and also otherwise.Moreover,the nutrients in food,classified as energy providers,body builders and essentials.Firstly,providers means energy that we are need to do any activities.For example,carbohydrates and fats.Secondly,body builders such as protein.Then,essentials like vitamin and minerals.For example,as we are know India is country that has overcrowding and some of their citizen have disease that related as night blindness due to vitamin A.It is because they are not,get a balanced diet and balanced nutrient.

Furthermore ,malnutrition divided by two types,which are undernutrition and overnutrition.For undernutrition,is a consequences of consuming too few essentials nutrients or using them rapidly than they can be replaced.For instance,infant,young children and teenagers need more nutrients for their diet.Nutrients loss can be acceleratedby diarrhoe,excessive sweating,heavy heading,serious illness and others.The heading cause of death in children in developing countries is protein energy malnutrition.The result of inequate intake of calories,protein,vitamins and mineral.

After that,overnutrition.For overnutrition actually happens in the develop counttries,nutritional defeciencies have generallyb been replaced by dietary inbalance.In the impact from eating too much,early too many of wrong thing such as not exercising enough and other dieting replacement. We can be detect that someone get malnutriton by malnourished may be skinny or bloated. Then ,their skin is pale,thick and dry easily.

So,nutrient plays a role in overcoming this malnutrition issues.Firstly,must based on pyramid food which is balanced diet because the pyramid food has a right proportion of food intake that we need.For healthy diet,India has abundance of all food groups and most of people can afford a healthy diet for the family according to one budget,lifestye and culture.It is suitable for child,teenager and woman.

As a conclusion,food is really related for our body and it is give a large effect for us. The statement of you are what you eat is true and we see that someone that has problem like underweight or obese, they are have problem in their diet which is not enough nutrient and get more nutrient.So,for get a ideal body,try to get a right proprotion in your food.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Biologically said that people eat to receive the nourishment. Whatever the reason it is, food choices influence health.

In general, nutrient is defined as the chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy , structural materials and also regulate to support our growth, and repair of the body tissues. The relationship between the nutrients intake and the diseases is when we takes too much unhealthy diet in our everyday life and causes some diseases. Besides that, the nutrients may also reduce the risk some of the diseases. Malnutrition cause in liver diseases for example, is someone reduced the nutrient intake it will have anorexia, abdominal pain and it also will effects the medications. The other diseases that affect from the excessive nutrients intake is Diabetes Mellitus. This diseases is due to excessive sugar intake and by the abnormalities in the metabolism of cholesterol, protein and fat.

Malnutrition diseases such as kwashiorkor, nutritional marasmus and retarded in development. This diseases is causes of the lacking of nutrients needed by someone’s body. So, in case to prevent this diseases we have to take the right amount of nutrients needed. Kwashiorkor causes by the small amount of calories intake and poor food supply. Every person have to take the right diet in their life. Carbohydrate such as bread, rice and others can help in provide energy. If they take with protein, in the same time it will help their growth and also can helps in repairing their tissue that had been damaged. Fat also important in prevent the malnutrition but it must be taken in the right amount. People who have plenty to eat may still be malnourished if they don't eat food that provides the right nutrients, vitamins, and minerals.

In the conclusion, everyone have their right to eat whatever they want. But keep in remember that health comes first. So, take food in the right amount and always rich in nutrients. Thank you.

Name: Siti Farina Hirza binti Mohamad Yasin

ID. No: 12212115074

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

1. The relationship between nutrient intake and disease/ malnutrition.

2. The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues.

You are what you eat. Yes, a healthy diet is an important thing to be a healthy individual that depends on the personal style of nutrition intake. Nutrition means science that studies the interaction that occur between living organism and foods. Foods contain nutrient which is means the chemical or component substances in foods that provide energy and regulate body process of organism and used to survive and grow. The disease that related to nutrient intake is called malnutrition.

There are two types of malnutrition, one is undernutrition and the second is overnutrition. Undernutrition is cause by nutrient deficiency and overnutrition cause by excess of nutrient. For example, if a person takes low protein, the possibility to be infected by kwashiorkor disease is high. Other component such as low of iron intake can make your body feel exhausted, hectic and depression. If you are having hair loss, skin rash and diarrhea, the possibility factor is cause by lack of zinc nutrient taken. Taking water too little also will cause dehydration.

Overnutrition is cause by excess of nutrient taken. For example, taking too much water in body will cause edema. Other than that, high dietary protein taken may lead to kidney disorders. Taking too much fats also will cause obesity which is more calories stored in adipose tissue. Highly taken of water soluble vitamin such as vitamin D may leads to hypervitaminosi, a state of vitamin D toxicity.Consuming greater levels of sugar intake than your body needs can affect insulin sensitivity and increase the risk of developing diabetes.

Nutrient plays an important roles in our body to keep our body function well. However, it should be take in a balance amount and the best tips to apply is by referring to food pyramids. Food pyramid contains fats and oil at the top, protein as the secondly, fruits and vegetable in third and carbohydrates in fourth which is the base. Fats and oils should be take in least amount. It essential in providing energy. While protein is good for growth and maintaining body tissue, it helps in enzyme and hormone production. Diet rich in fruits and vegetables was encouraged to take because of its ability to minimize the chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. Whole grains and fruit are full of fiber, which reduces the risk of coronary heart disease and maintains normal blood glucose levels.Last but not least, carbohydrates plays role in provide energy source  and it should be take in large amount for healthy lifestyle.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Malnutrition is the condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function. Even if people get enough to eat, they will become malnourished if the food they eat does not provide the proper amounts of micronutrients. Malnutrition occurs in people who are either undernourished or overnourished. Undernutrition is a consequence of consuming too few essential nutrients or using or excreting them more rapidly than they can be replaced. Children need additional nutrients. Nutrient loss can be accelerated by diarrhea, excessive sweating or kidney failure. Nutrient intake can be restricted by age-related illnesses and conditions. The leading cause of death in children in developing countries is protein-energy malnutrition. This type of malnutrition is the result of inadequate intake of calories from proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Children who are already undernourished can suffer from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) when rapid growth, infection, or disease increases the need for protein and essential minerals that are known as micronutrients.

Food first which eating small but frequent, high energy, high protein snacks and meals is the first treatment option for elderly people who are malnourished. Micronutrient-rich foods include both foods that contain high levels of vitamin A and its precursor, iron and iodine and foods which contain factors that enhance micronutrient absorption . Foods that contain lower levels of micronutrients but are eaten in large quantities may also be considered to be micronutrient-rich. Eating a balanced diet and taking a multi vitamin is one way to curb this issue. A balanced diet consists of carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals and water.

As conclusion, undernutrition is a major cause of death and disability in young children. growth faltering and micronutrient deficiencies figure prominently are prevalent and their consequences are devastating. Whether or not nutrient losses as a result of infection become depends on the individual's nutritional status at the outset of infection, the duration and severity of the infection.

You Are What You Eat

  The theme ‘You Are What You Eat’ shows that the foods consume by a person will affect that person in many ways especially in the health perspective. When there are things involving interaction between food and living organisms, it is called as nutrition. Basically, nutrition is a science that studies the interactions that occur between living organisms and food. Each foods carries different type of nutrients. What is a nutrient? Nutrients are a chemical substance in foods that provide energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process. Nutrients play an important role in a person’s health. The wrong intake of nutrients will lead to diseases and malnutrition.

  The nutrients intake and diseases or malnutrition are related to each other. What is malnutrition? Malnutrition is impaired health due to dietary deficiency, excess or imbalance. Malnutrition is divided into two categories; overnutrition and undernutrition. The terms itself shows that the person is having more or less nutrients intake. Overnutrition is used when a person has excess nutrients while under-nutrition is used when a person is lacking in nutrients. Proper nutrition is very important to maintaining a healthy body and mind. The body requires over 40 essential nutrients to function properly, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids, protein and carbohydrates. Obesity is an example of diseases that occur for overnutrition person. Too much intake in carbohydrates will lead to obesity. Overnutrition is synonyms with gaining excess weight. Excess weight will lead to many other consequences diseases such as diabetes and stroke. The person will experience gout if proteins are consumed exceeds the necessary requirements. Gout can occur when there are excess uric acids in a body. Uric acids come from purines that are found naturally in many foods. Some foods like organ meats, sardines and anchovies are high in purines. Some diseases that arise from undernutrition are low body weight and osteoporosis. Low body weight occurs because of low consumption in carbohydrates. When a person eats less, the absorption of nutrients low hence, the body loss nutrients needed for growth. Nutrient deficiency such as vitamin D and calcium will lead to osteoporosis. What is osteoporosis? Osteoporosis is a situation of thinning bones and can result in painful fractures. Less in consuming food containing calcium can retard the formation and difficulties in maintaining healthy teeth and bones. Proper levels of calcium over a lifetime can help prevent osteoporosis.

  But all of these diseases can be overcome and prevent by practicing a healthy way of consuming foods. A person can practice dietary guidelines as suggested by dietician. Be physically active every day. Exercise regularly can maintain body weight from becoming an obese person. A person also can choose a diet with plenty of grain products, vegetables and fruits. These act as fibre that can prevent constipation and act as antioxidant. For those who suffering from undernutrition, it is a good to eat variety of foods to get enough nutrients needed by the body. Those also can consume foods higher in calcium and vitamin D as to prevent osteoporosis. To practice a well-balanced diet, a person can also follow the food pyramid with the correct proportions. This can ensure that the body get enough nutrients for a healthy life. In conclusion, everyone should alert the importance of nutrition in life. Human consumes food everyday to survive. It is the best to know the high nutrient-density food needed by the body to maintain a balanced lifestyle.

ABDUL AZIM BIN AYUB  12212115189

1) The relationship between nutrient intake and diseases/malnutrition :

  Nutrients are chemical substances in foods that provide energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process. The average nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally estimate that has been taken off from the group or from healthy people. Different nutrients needed by each individual to maintain health and reduce the risk of disease related to nutrition. Nutritional needs required by the amount of nutrients taken . Nutrien difference varies between the individual taken for example in women who gave birth to children who need more energy or iron than ordinary individuals. Age, gender, physical activity level and health condition of a person associated with nutrient requirements are necessary. Some individuals absorb less than others for example older people less absorption of vitamin B12 . 

Malnutrition is defined as too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy. The little nutrition situation will cause nutrient deficiency and excessive intake can be classified as overnutrition. Malnutrition could contribute to some dangerous disease risk factors such as obesity , high blood pressure , high blood glucose, kwashiorkor. For example, Kwashiorkor is a state of malnutrition that results from a deficiency of dietary protein in the presence of a normal or high carbohydrate intake. Both patterns of malnutrition can develop together, resulting in marasmic kwashiorkor. If the body does not receive enough energy from food, weight loss due to lack of muscle mass will take place. Children who are malnourished can not store enough fat and little muscle. Brain development can be affected, and these children are at higher risk for getting the disease because their body can not fight off any infection that occurs. Malnutrition contributes to an increase in the number of deaths among children in developing countries. 

2) The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues :

  Nutrient found in foods including carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals. Carbohydrates are classified as simple or complex. This classification depends on the chemical structure of the food, and how quickly the sugar in the food is digested and absorbed. Carbohydrates are divided into several classes consist of simple carbohydrates have single or double sugars and complex carbohydrates have three or more sugars. Eating too many carbohydrates can lead to an increase in the number of calories that can lead to obesity . While not eating enough carbohydrates can cause malnutrition or lead to excessive intake of fats to make up for the calories as carbohydrates are not consumed. Most people should get between 40 to 60 % of their daily calories from carbohydrates. It is better to get most of your calories from complex carbohydrates and natural sugars. In addition to calories, complex carbohydrates provide vitamins, minerals and fiber. To increase your intake of complex carbohydrates and healthy nutrients intake of fruits and vegetables should be preferred. In addition, eating wheat containing rice, bread and cereals should also be taken. 

The best option for treating malnutrition is to enhance normal eating and drinking. A food first approach encourages eating frequent, small, high energy and protein meals and snacks. Nutritional supplements for weight gain are generally not required unless body weight is unable to be maintained with a normal balanced diet or if food cannot be eaten safely.

PUTERI NOR AIN BINTI KANDARI // BEHC GROUP 6 // 12212115100

Nutrition is the intake of food thatconsidered in relation to the body’s dietary needs. Nutrition plays a key role in human health and wellbeing. This is proved throughout the lifecycle that starting from conception, and later at a stages in life, for babies, infants, young, adolescent, and older adults. The good nutrition is defined as an adequate, well balanced diet combined with regular physical activity which is a cornerstone of good health. Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, increased susceptibility to disease, impaired physical and mental development, and also can reduced productivity. The nutrient intake is important to prevent deficiency conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. There is a direct relationship between nutrition and health.  For example, after medical treatment and sanitation interventions, food aid and nutritional supplements are viewed as the most important interventions for improved health. Sufficient nutrition is the key that helping to eradicate disease and death.

Malnutrition is a chief contributor to illness, disease and early death. Malnutrition is a factor that contributing 1.5 million of all child deaths worldwide. It is because of severe food shortages that can cause to low birth weights, growth stunting anaemia and vitamin A deficiency blindness. It also weakens the immune system, increasing severity of illness and impeding recovery.

An essential nutrient is a nutrient that the body cannot synthesize on its own or not an adequate amount and must be provided by the diet. The six essential nutrients are necessary for the body to function properly. The six essential nutrients include carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals and water. Carbohydrates are the main energy source for the brain. Without carbohydrates, the body could not function properly. Sources include fruits, breads and grains, starchy vegetables and sugars. Whole grains and fruit are full of fiber, which reduces the risk of coronary heart disease and helps maintain normal blood glucose levels. Protein is the major structural component of cells and is responsible for the building and repair of body tissues. Protein is broken down into amino acids, which are building blocks of protein. The essential amino acids must be provided in the diet as they cannot be synthesized in the body. Ten to 35 percent of your daily calories should come from lean protein sources such as low-fat meat, dairy, beans or eggs.

Fat is an energy source that when consumed, increases the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins including vitamins A, D, E and K. Choose healthy options such as omega-3-rich foods like fish, walnuts and vegetable-based oils because Omega 3 help with development and growth. Limit intake of saturated fats such as high-fat meats and full-fat dairy. Other smart choices include nuts, seeds and avocado. Vitamin C is necessary for the synthesis of collagen, which provides structure to blood vessels, bone and ligaments. Rich sources include citrus fruits, strawberries and peppers. Folate that can be found in foods, helps to prevent birth defects. Pregnant women or women who plan to become pregnant should speak with their physician about taking a folic acid supplement, the synthetic form of folate, in addition to their diet. Vitamin D helps to maintain calcium homeostasis. It can be found in food sources or synthesized by the sun. Sodium helps to maintain fluid volume outside of the cells and helps cells to function normally. Potassium maintains fluid volume inside and outside of cells and prevents the excess rise of blood pressure with increased sodium intake. Calcium helps to maintain and build strong bones and teeth. Include three servings of calcium-rich foods per day including milk, low-fat cheese and yogurt.Water helps to maintain homeostasis in the body and transports nutrients to cells. Water also assists in removing waste products from the body. Adults should consume 25 to 35 milliliters of fluids per kilogram body weight or 2 to 3 liters per day.

ROLE OF NUTRIENT OF OVERCOMING MALNUTRITION ISSUES

Everybody knows that the main function of nutrients is to help your body well-being and they will also keep your body working and lower the risk to get diseases or malnutrition. Our body need correct portion of a nutrient to stay healthy. For example, carbohydrate is important to our body because the brain is optimally uses carbohydrate for energy, but when carbohydrate is insufficient for certain time, our body does not metabolize fatty acid completely and as results body protein will also be lost and the body generally becomes weaker. In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminished, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious food and learning how to properly store it for long-term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long-term effect of malnourishments.

NOOR AIN BINTI MOHD ZAINI

12211115186

You are what you eat

Foods are important for people of all ages to maintain a healthy weight. People must balance the amount of calories in foods and drinks they consume with the amount of calories the body uses to maintain it,such as doing physical activity. Food are important for us to get enough all nutrients that needs to our body. Foods are very related with our life. “We are what we eat'. What we eat has enormous impact on how much we weigh, how healthy we are now, and how likely we are develop chronic disease like heart disease and diabetes in future. Consuming either too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy can cause malnutrition. Malnutrition is a board term which refers to both undernutrition and overnutrition,that was defined as the insufficient, excessive or imbalanced consumption of nutrients. Individuals are malnourished ,or suffer from undernutrition if their diet does not provide them with adequate calories and proteins for maintenance and growth, or they cannot fully utilized the food they eat due to illness. There were many disease that causes from our unhealthy diet.

Diabetes with high blood glucose called hyperglycemia. Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism,the way the body uses digested food for energy. Hormone insulin helps cells throughout the body absorb glucose and use it for energy. Eating right is vital if you are trying to prevent or control diabetes. Carbohydrates have a big impact on your blood sugar levels more than fats and proteins. That not means you must avoid them,but you just need to be smart what types of carbohydrates you eat. Its best to limit highly refined carbohydrates like white bread,pasta and rice as well as soda,candy,and snack foods. Rickets is the softening and weakening of bones in children,usually because of an extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency,promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from gastrointestinal tract. A deficiency of vitamin D make it difficult to maintain proper calcium and phosphorous levels in bones, which can cause rickets. As we know, most of us receive much of their necessary vitamin D from exposure to sunlight. However, make sure that we receive foods that contain vitamin D enough naturally from fatty fish, fish oil and egg yolks or that have been fortified with vitamin D such as cereals,milk and orange juice. Kwashiorkor happen through deficiency of protein. Protein are the major constituent of the body and required for most of vital body function. If our body does not receive enough of it from the diet, the protein in the muscles and tissues in the body depleted. Obesity will happen if being overweight and uncontrolled eating habits. Being overweight or obese isn't a cosmetic problem. These condition greatly raise your risk for other health problems. As your body mass index rises, so does your risk for coronary heart disease, in which a waxy substance called plaque builds inside the coronary arteries. Plaque can narrow or block the coronary arteries and reduce blood flow to the heart muscle. This can cause angina or heart attack.

An individual's perception of what makes a healthy diet affects their food and nutrition choices. For examples,someone may choose low-carbohydrate foods if their believe that these choice will helps them lost weight. They may limit red meat intake to reduce their risk of heart disease, or they may purchase originally produced foods if they believe that reducing pesticide exposure will prevent illness. Choosing a healthy diet is the best way to overcome the disease. A healthy diet is one of that provides the right amount of energy to keep weight in the desirable range. The proper types and balance carbohydrates ,proteins, fats, plenty of water and sufficient but not excessive amount of essential vitamins and minerals. No one food can provide all the nutrients the body needs for optimal health. Variety means including grains ,vegetables, fruits , dairy products and meats in diet, or in simple meaning, choosing many different foods from within each food group. Variety is shown in foods pyramid by six slender colored triangles,which represent the five foods groups and oils. Variety is also emphasize by recommendations regarding the consumption of different types of vegetables,more leafy greens, orange vegetables and legumes.Physical activity also important to maintain our health. Find your balance between food and physical activity. Be sure to stay within your daily calories needs and be physically active for at least 30 minutes for 3 days per week. Furthermore, know the limits on fats, sugars , and salts. Make most of your fat sources from fish, nuts, and vegetables oils. Limit solid like butter,stick margarine, shortening , and lard, as well as food that contain these. Check the Nutrition Facts label to keep saturated fats, trans fats, and sodium low. Choose food and beverages low in added sugars. Added sugars contribute calories within few,if any nutrients.

The nutritional status of population is monitored by measuring what foods are available , what foods are consumed, and how nutrient intake is related to overall health. Nutrition recommendation made to the public for health promotion and disease prevention such as foods pyramid are based on availability scientific knowledge. Intakes at these levels will avoid deficiencies and excesses and prevent chronic diseases in majority of healthy person.

What is nutrient? Nutrient is a component in foods, including water that is used by organism which is essential for growth, reproduction and maintaining good health. Nutrient can be divided into two major class which is macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients is consumed relatively in large amount because it provide a bulk amount of energy especially from carbohydrates, protein and fats. Micronutrients is consumed in relatively smaller quantities, but essential in metabolic process. Example of micronutrients are mineral (zinc, iron and folic acid), vitamins and water.

Malnutrition is a condition that occurs when a person’s diet does not contain right amount of nutrients. Malnutrition also referred to as protein energy malnutrition (PEM), is a consequence of inadequate intake of proteins and calories, or deficiencies in the digestion or absorption of protein resulting in the loss of fat and muscle tissue, weight loss, lethargy and generalized weakness. Malnutrition is determined according to body mass index (BMI). BMI that less than 16kg/m2 is considered as underweight or malnutrition.

Severe malnutrition in children results in two clinical conditions which are kwashiorkor and marasmus. This commonly occur in an area with poor food supply and rare in developing country. Kwashiorkor is characterised by generalised or dependent edema due to severe loss of visceral protein compartment which lead to hypoalbuminemia. Other clinical manifestation are scaly skin, ascites and depigmented hair. This condition often develops when a child is weaned off breast milk, but without the compensation of adequate dietary protein. Marasmus is characterised by severe emaciation rather than edema. Usually they suffers growth retardation, hair loss and severe wasting. Prolonged severe malnutrition may be complicated by bacterial infection, parasitic infection and vitamin deficiency.

Nowadays, obesity also one of the most common malnutrition that occur in our society (Malaysia) due to the sedentary lifestyle. Parameter that being used for obesity is BMI. BMI more than 30kg/m2 is consider as obesity. Increase intake of process food, rich in low density lipoprotein (LDL) is harmful to our body and lead to diseases such like atherosclerosis, stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Thirteen vitamins are needed for health; vitamins A, D, E and K are fat soluble and all others are water soluble. Vitamin A is important in maintaining normal vision, cell growth and differentiation and as a host resistance to infection. Example of food that rich in vitamin A are carrots, dark leafy greens, lettuce, fish and meat. Vitamin A deficiency usually will cause night blindness as earliest manifestation, xerophthalmia and total blindness (late manifestation). Major function of vitamin D is the maintenance of adequate plasma levels of calcium and phosphorus to support metabolic function, bone mineralization and neuromuscular transmission. Vitamin D is required to prevent bone diseases such like rickets (in children) and osteomalacia (in adult).The major source of vitamin D is its endogenous synthesis required from sunlight, deep-sea fish, plants and grains. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is essential principally in collagen synthesis. Deficiency of water soluble vitamin C leads to development of scurvy (bone disease in children), swollen bleeding gum, bruising and bleeding. Dietary sources that rich in vitamin C are citrus fruits and vegetable. Mineral also important for maintaining normal body function. Lack of iodine will cause goiter and low intake of iron will lead to iron deficiency anemia.

To overcome malnutrition, healthy lifestyle need to be imply in daily routine. A good approach to change our eating habit is by following the food pyramid that have been introduce by Ministry of Health. Sufficient amount of carbohydrates, protein, fats, fibers, minerals and vitamins are needed to achieve healthy life and longevity. Total amount of calories intake also should be control. The normal amount of calories intake for an adult is 2000kcal per day for men and 1500kcal per day for women. Instead of having a good diet, exercise also important to prevent malnutrition especially obesity. Exercise at least 30 minutes daily, three times a week will reduce total body fat and prevent chronic diseases such like stroke, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

In conclusion, nutrients is essential in our daily life. Lack or over intake of certain nutrients in our food intake will cause malnutrition and cause other complication such like immunosuppressive, bacterial infection and cardiovascular diseases. Eat healthy, live happily.

There is a strong relationship between malnutrition and infection and infant mortality, because poor nutrition leaves children underweight, weakened, and vulnerable to infections, primarily because of epithelial integrity and inflammation.A person's food intake affects mood, behavior, and brain function. A hungry person may feel irritable and restless, whereas a person who has just eaten a meal may feel calm and satisfied. A sleepy person may feel more productive after a cup of coffee and a light snack. A person who has consistently eaten less food or energy than needed over a long period of time may be apathetic and moody.

One of the malnutrition of lacking carbohydrates is ketosis.In the absence of carbohydrates, the body starts using the proteins and convert it to sugars . This causes ketosis which is nothing but the accumulation of ketones in the body. Excess of ketones lead to water loss and removal of sodium from the body. This may lead to tiredness and lethargy.To overcome this malnutrition,eating too much bread, potatoes, pasta, tortillas and carbohydrate-rich sweets will cause weight gain, but there are many nutritious, weight-friendly carbohydrates. Whole fruits and vegetables are high in vitamins and fiber and low in calories, making them among the healthiest of carbohydrates.

Then,malnutrition such as obesity can caused by introducing cereal and solid foods too early.Then,lack of exercise and activity,eating out too often or too much take a food that contains fat.To overcome this malnutrition we must implement a healthy eating plan at home for the whole family so that we get the proper nutrients we need such as using the Food Pyramid.

 Next,the extreme lack of protein causes an osmotic imbalance in the gastro-intestinal system causing swelling of the gut diagnosed as an edema or retention of water.It is called kwashiorkor.Kwashiorkor is characterized by peripheral and periorbital edema due to the decrease in serum albumin. The abdomen protrudes because abdominal muscles are weakened, the intestine is distended, the liver enlarges, and ascites is present. The skin is dry, thin, and wrinkled.To overcome this disease is the first essential in both the treatment and the prevention of this disease being a diet rich in protein (preferably animal protein, to ensure an adequate intake of vitamin B12 and a satisfactory mixture of amino-acids.Example of protein that we must take are legumes, eggs, nuts, peanut butter, canned meats and fish, oatmeal, grains, wheat, quinoa, MREs, popcorn.

 After that,the lacking of calcium in our bone also can cause osteoporosis.To overcome this malnutrition is we must take protein-rich foods and cereals that are acidic because these foods lead to the thinning of bones due to the excess excretion of calcium from our body. Hence, to counter this, alkaline fruits are needed. Additionally, fruits for strong bones should also be rich in vitamin K and vitamin D. Fruits like red grapes, blueberries, kiwis, and oranges are best for maintaining good bone health.In addition,vitamin D is important for the body functions associated with calcium.Vitamin D deals not only with the absorption of calcium but also with the maintenance of the right level of calcium in the blood. It also deals with the maintenance of phosphorous in the blood. The association of vitamin D with calcium and the bones means that the most obvious among vitamin D deficiency symptoms in adults is that of osteoporosis.This occurs because of improper bone density. Therefore, the long term vitamin D deficiency symptoms in adults include joint and bone pain.

Besides,some vitamin deficiency symptoms are extremely minor and are therefore often ignored by the individual.One of the most famous vitamin deficiency symptoms is that of scurvy.This condition occurred because we could not store fruits for long periods of time.Therefore,we suffered from a deficiency of vitamin C. This caused scurvy, a condition which claimed many lives.To overcome it we can use lime and lime juice to prevent the lacking of vitamin C.

Besides,we also can be easily get a diabetes if we take a large amount of sugar in our daily life.People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia.Diabetes develops when the body doesn’t make enough insulin or is not able to use insulin effectively or both.To overcomes this disease we must take a food that less sugar.

The conclusion is,we must take nutrients based on pyramid table.So that,we can build a healthy lifestyle.Several nutritional factors can influence mental health, including: overall energy intake, intake of the energy-containing nutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats), alcohol intake, and intake of vitamins and minerals. Often deficiencies of multiple nutrients rather than a single nutrient are responsible for changes in brain functioning.

12212115171  

As we know seen we are child, our parents has been told about the food that we took actually can gave an effect towards body such malnutrition. For example, they avoid us to eat a junk food because it not good for growth. So, no wonder the words “you are what you eat” always we heard now. But how far the words prove what really happen in our body. It’s unfair to blame every single foods that we took can gave a negative affect towards us. There many other factor that can contribute the malnutrition. The point is we need to balance the foods intake in our body. Not too much fat, not too much salt in foods and etc.

Malnutrition means too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy in the body.They can be divided into two which is UNDERNUTRITION and OVERNUTRITION. The relationship between nutrient intake and malnutrition is can be in EXCESS foods intake or LESS foods intake. We going deep one by ones, here an example of undernutrition, as less food intake in our body. Lack of vitamins A in our body can affect our vision. Vegetables are the sources of vitamin A such carrot.  Which meant a less intake of vegetables such carrots can gave affect to our vision.

Overnutrition which is excess foods intake also gave some effect to body. A common example excess calorie in our body is can cause obesity, heart disease and might be a cancer in the long term. But after all, the development of disease in foods intake also have own factor. Not the only reason you eat more fats you will get a heart disease immediately, it’s a body reaction its take time to develop a disease. The factor development of disease in foods intake is usually people worry is genes, others is age, sex and ethnicity.

The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues

The reason why government advice us to follow the foods pyramid is because of we need a balance diet that can avoid malnutrition in our body. Our body also need a basic nutrients such carbohydrates, fat and lipid, protein, vitamins, and also minerals. Carbohydrate is to provide energy for the body, especially the brain and the nervous system.

Eating too many carbohydrates can lead to an increase in total calories, which can lead to obesity while not eating enough carbohydrates can cause a lack of calories (malnutrition), or lead to an excessive intake of fats to make up for the calories not eaten as carbohydrates. So, as I mention before we need to take a balance diet in our foods. Fat and lipids play importance role in obese with can be lead to disease. Men need less body fat rather than women to ensure a normal functioning.

Function of protein is to build muscles and body tissues which it is classified in macronutrients. Our body uses it to build and repair tissue. You need it to make enzymes, hormones, and other body chemicals. It is an important building block of bones, muscles, cartilage, skin, and blood. So, eating a nutrient foods can overcomes the malnutrition as well but an adequate amount. If it excess may cause a disease. Control our foods intake and follow the foods pyramids.

UMIZASAKINAH BTE HASSAN

12211115086

BCLS 2015

Nutrition the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.

While malnutrition a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems.It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals.

Nutrition intake and malnutrition have always been intricately linked. Micro-nutrient deficiencies including vitamins A, E, D, minerals zinc and iron. It will be effects us with poor growth, impaired intellect, and increased mortality.

Firstly is vitamin A that we can found in meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, fruits and vegetables. Vitamin A is important for normal vision, immunity system and reproduction. It is also helps the heart, lungs, kidneys and other organs work properly. Vitamin A deficiency and measles are closely linked. Children who are already deficient in vitamin A are much greater risk of dying from measles. Measles also reduce the body's supply of vitamin A. So to prevent the risk, vitamin A supplement can lowers the incidence of respiratory tract infections, reduces mortality from diarrhea, and increase immunity.  

Secondly is Vitamin E. Vitamin E is a vitamin that dissolves in fat. It can found in many foods including vegetable oils, cereals, meat, poultry, eggs, fruits, vegetables, and wheat germ oil. It is also available as a supplement. Vitamin E is also used for treating and preventing diabetes, heart attack, chest pain, leg pain and high blood pressure. Vitamin E deficiency can occur in people with certain genetic disorders and in very low-weight premature infant. 

Thirdly is vitamin D. It can be found in small amounts in a few foods, including fatty fish such as herring, mackerel, sardines and tuna. To make vitamin D more available, it is added to dairy products, juices, and cereals. It is important for good overall health and strong and healthy bones. It’s also an important factor in making sure your muscles, heart, lungs and brain work well and that your body can fight infection. Vitamin D supplements are cheap and effective immune system boost against tuberculosis. Vitamin D was used to treat tuberculosis. It is sufficient to enhance the immune system's ability to withstand infection. 

Fourthly is zinc. Foods with the highest zinc content are oysters, crab, lobster, lamb peanut and dark chocolate. Zinc is important for a healthy immune system, properly synthesizing DNA, promoting healthy growth during childhood, and healing wounds. Zinc may also be effective for the treatment of osteoporosis, preventing and treating pneumonia. Low blood zinc intake have also found in patients with tuberculosis, Crohn disease, diarrhea disease, and pneumonia. 

The last is Iron that can be found from nuts, beans, vegetables and fortified grain products. Iron deficiency is the most common trace element of deficiency worldwide. It is affecting of the world's population, mainly infants, children and women of childbearing age. It lowers the body's defenses against disease and diminishes body and brain functions. Example in the treatment of malaria, correcting iron deficiency is important, because malaria causes haemolysis and anemia. Supplementation in some cases may actually become worse because the malaria parasite requires iron for its multiplication in blood and thus may be less ineffective in the iron-deficient person.

The conclusion, nutrition intake is importance to prevent disease or malnutrition. So, we must take adequate of vitamins A, E, D and minerals zinc, and iron to prevent from effects our growth, impaired intellect, and increased mortality and susceptibility to infection.

Nutrition is the intake of food, consider in relation to the body’s dietary needs. Good
nutrition adequate, well balanced diet combined with regular physical activity is important needed of good health. Poor nutrition can lead malnutrition and can reduce immunity. It increases a susceptibility to disease, impaired physical and mental development, also reduce productivity. The nutrients found in all foods and drinks provide nourishment for the body. This nourishment is in the form of substances which provide energy, building blocks for bone, muscle, organs, hormones and blood
substances needed for processes to occur in the body like digestion.  Substances that protect the body nutrients are drawn from a wide variety of foods and the more varied your diet is, the more likely you are to obtain all the nutrients you need. Relationship between nutrients intake and diseases are pretty common nowadays. Thus, a malnourished person finds that their body has difficulty doing normal things such as growing and resisting disease. Physical work becomes problematic and even learning abilities can be diminished. For women, pregnancy becomes risky and they cannot be sure of producing nourishing breast milk. People will get malnutrition when a person is not getting enough food or not getting the right sort of food. Even if people get enough to eat, they will become malnourished if the food they eat does not provide the proper amounts of micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. Sometimes disease is the result of malnutrition, sometimes it is a contributing cause. In fact, malnutrition is the largest single contributor to disease in the world.

Eating healthy is essential for both preventing illness and for recovering from disease. For example, specific nutrients can help your liver detoxification pathways, give you sustained energy, help you sleep deeply, and support your general well-being. Therefore, nutrients play an important role in order to overcome a malnutrition issue, where nutrient is a source of nourishment, an ingredient in a food, such as carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamin, mineral, fiber and water. Macronutrients are nutrients we need in relatively large quantities, while micronutrients are nutrients we need in relatively small quantities. By practicing a healthy balance from food pyramids helps to reduce the diseases to be happen. For carbohydrates which are the main energy source for the brain. Without carbohydrates, the body could not function properly. Sources include fruits, breads and grains, starchy vegetables and sugars. Protein is the major
structural component of cells and is responsible for the building and repair of
body tissues. Protein is broken down into amino acids, which are building
blocks of protein. Fat is energy sources that when consume it increases the
absorption of fat-soluble vitamins including vitamins A, D, E and K. Choose
healthy options such as omega-3-rich foods like fish, walnuts and
vegetable-based oils. Vitamin C is necessary for the synthesis of collagen,
which provides structure to blood vessels, bone and ligaments. Rich sources
include citrus fruits, strawberries and peppers. Water helps to maintain
homeostasis in the body and transports nutrients to cells. Water also assists
in removing waste products from the body. All beverages and high-moisture foods
such as soup and watermelon contain water and count towards your daily water
requirement.

Therefore, eating a balance diet is vital for good health and
wellbeing. Food provides our bodies with the energy, protein, essential fats,
vitamins and minerals to live, grow and function properly. We need a wide
variety of different foods to provide the right amounts of nutrients for good
health. Enjoyment of a healthy diet can also be one of the great culturalpleasures of life.

You are what you eat. From this short sentence, it gives various meanings. As we all know, food is our daily basic needs and what we consume, it will affect our health, either positively or negatively based on what kind of food and the amount that we consume. Nutrients are chemical substances in food that provide energy as well as structure and help to regulate the body process. Therefore, the intake of nutrients are very important to our body. The food that we consume contains their own nutrients. That is why we need to know what kind of food are good for our body and what are not.

Malnutrition is too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy. Nutrients deficiency is called undernutrition while excess of nutrients is called overnutrition.

Decline in iron-related compounds in the blood, which reduces the ability of the red blood cells to carry oxygen to body tissues, and in turn, causes fatigue on exertion, poor body temperature regulation, and eventually pale complexion. As for excessive intake of iron-related compounds, it causes excess liver stores, which damage the liver cells. Consumption of more fibre may cause intestinal distress. If an excess intake continues, the levels of some nutrients in the body may increase to toxic amounts. As an example, too much vitamin A can have negative effects, particularly in children, pregnant women and older adults. The most common type of overnutrition in industrialized nations are excess intake of energy yielding nutrients such as carbohydrates which often leads to obesity. Obesity in turn, can lead to other serious chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and certain form of cancer. Omega -3 and Omega-6 are types of fat. Omega-6 fatty acids can be converted to arachidonic acid, which can then be used to make inflammation-causing eicosanoids. In contrast, the omega-3 fatty acids decrease inflammation, pain and blood triglyceride. Low intake in omega-3 can lead to arthritis. A severe deficit of energy and protein, which causes extreme loss of fat stores, muscles mass and strength called marasmus. Death from marasmus infection is common. Besides that, a young children who have existing disease and consume marginal amount of energy and severely insufficient protein is a condition of a malnutrition known as kwashiorkor. It results in edema, poor growth, weakness and an increased to further infection and disease.

Basic of nutrients are carbohydrates, fat and lipids, protein, vitamins and minerals. Each nutrients serve their own benefits and role in overcoming malnutrition and diseases. Carbohydrates, protein and lipid provide energy while proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals and water promote growth or development and also helps to regulate the body process. Other than that, vitamin C are also one of nutrients needed for our body. The amount of vitamin C needed daily is about 10mg which can prevent scurvy. In fact, the concentration of vitamin C in one component of the immune system, notably white blood cells (neutrophils) can be used as functional marker for vitamin C. It takes a daily vitamin C intake of about 75 mg for men and 60 mg for women to nearly saturate these white blood cells. Enough calcium may reduce risk of osteoporosis while a diet low in total fat may reduce risk of some cancers and diet low in saturated fat & cholesterol, margarines containing plant stanols and sterols may reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. Also, low intake in sodium and high in potassium can reduce risk of hypertension and stroke. Meanwhile, a diet adequate in synthetic form of the B-vitamin folate helps to lower the risk of neural tube defects. The use of sugarless gum prevent tooth decay especially when compared with foods high in sugars and starches.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

It is scientifically proven fact that our food choices affect our health. The saying, you are what you eat is true.Every cell in our body is created from the food we eat, the water we drink  and the air we breathe. In addition to nourishing our bodies, food also affect the quality of our lives, our appearance, moods, weight, energy, the aging process and our overall weight and well-being. Our body needs carbohydrate, protein ,fat,  fiber ,minerals ,vitamins, electrolytes and water to survive .Obtaining the correct balance and quantities of these nutrients is essential to our health and well-being.

There are many diseases due to  malnutrition .Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition that occurs when there is not enough protein in the diet .Getting more calories and protein will correct kwashiorkor, if the treatment is started early enough.However, children who have had this condition will never reach their full potential for height and growth. The treatment depends on the severity of the condition. People who are in shock need immediate treatment to restore blood volume and maintain blood pressure.

Rickets is a disorder caused by a lack of vitamin D, calcium,or phosphate. It leads to softening and weakening of the bones. Vitamin D helps the body control calcium and phosphate levels. If the blood levels of these minerals become too low, the body may produce hormones that cause calcium and phosphate to be released from the bones. This leads to weak and soft bones. Vitamin D is absorbed from food by replacing calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D that is lacking and will eliminate most symptoms of rickets. Dietary sources of vitamin D include fish, liver, and processed milk. Exposure to moderate amounts of sunlight is encouraged. If rickets is caused by a metabolic problem, a prescription for vitamin D supplements may be needed.

Many people avoid carbohydrates due to concerns about weight gain, but carbs are needed for the body to function. Carbohydrates are your body’s main energy source and necessary for you to think and remain active.According to MayoClinic.com, carbohydrates should make up 45 to 65 percent of your daily caloric intake. Skimping too much on carbohydrates can cause several health problems like Hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia,also known as low blood sugar or low blood glucose, occurs when the glucose levels in the blood drop below normal. While hypoglycemia is often associated with diabetes, it can be caused by a lack of carbohydrates in healthy people .Carbs are the main source of glucose because they are broken down into simple sugars during digestion and enter the cells with the help of insulin, providing energy. Eating a small amount of carbs will quickly treat hypoglycemia.

As a conclusion, you are what you eat so eat healthily after all as it is not about losing your ability to enjoy indulgences. It is a matter of gaining so many things that will affect you for the rest of your life like a longer life, the ability to enjoy natural foods, a wholesome sense of self-esteem and the joy of respecting your body for all that it does for you and most importantly we can prevent ourselves from a diseases.

NAME : NURUL SAKINAH BINTI SUHAIMI

ID NO : 12211115027

BCLS

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

People eat food, not nutrient; however, it is the combination and amounts of nutrients in consumed foods that determine health. An essential nutrient is a nutrient that the body cannot synthesize on its own or not to an adequate amount and must be provided by the diet. These nutrients are necessary for the body to function properly. The six essential nutrients include carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals and water.

Malnutrition is caused by eating a diet in which nutrients are not enough or are too much such that it causes health problems. It is a category of diseases that includes undernutrition and overnutrition. Overnutrition can result in obesity and being overweight. In some developing countries, overnutrition in the form of obesity is beginning to present within the same communities as undernutrition.

What we eat and our nutritional status can affect cardiovascular diseases, some types of cancer and diabetes. Foods, diet and nutritional status, including overweight and obesity, are also associated with elevated blood pressure and blood cholesterol, and resistance to the action of insulin. These conditions are not only risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), but major causes of illness themselves.

People should eat less high-calorie foods, especially foods high in saturated or trans fats and sugar, be physically active, prefer unsaturated fat and use less salt; enjoy fruits, vegetables and legumes; and select foods of plant and marine origin. This consumption pattern is not only healthier but more favourable to the environment and sustainable development.

Healthy diets and physical activity are key to good nutrition and necessary for a long and healthy life. Eating nutrient dense foods and balancing energy intake with the necessary physical activity to maintain a healthy weight is essential at all stages of life. Unbalanced consumption of foods high in energy (sugar, starch and fat) and low in essential nutrients contributes to energy excess, overweight and obesity. The amount of the energy consumed in relation to physical activity and the quality of food are key determinants of nutrition related chronic disease.

As a conclusion, everything we eat becomes a part of not only our inner being, but the outer fabric of our body as well. The healthier the foods that we consume, the healthier our body will be and also can overcome malnutrition issues.

1)  The relationship between nutrient intake and diseases or malnutrition

The provision of nutrients in the womb and what we eat and how active we are from birth onwards influences the size and shape of the human body throughout the life course.These processes influences the rate at which we grow and mature from conception to adult life and our physical and mental development.

Overweight and obesity is associated with increased total mortality or death from cardiovascular diseases , diabetes and several  types of cancer. It does so by increasing high blood pressure  , insulin resistance and blood cholesterol.

Fruits and vegetables independently contribute to prevent cardiovascular disease . It is likely that particular vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli and many fruits or vegetables that rich in folate also protect from developing cancer of the colon and rectum, mouth , pharynx larynx and oesophagus .

Eating red and processed meat increases risk of developing colorectal cancer . Saturated fat and trans fat increase blood cholesterol and cardiovascular risk .Higher sodium or salt intake is a major risk factor for elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases and probably stomach cancer .Diets high in meat and dairy also increase blood pressure.

Breastfeeding also plays a role in the health of mothers and their children. For example , the greater the sum of months a mother accumulates lactating over successive pregnancies , the lower her risk of developing breast cancer. Breastfeeding  also promotes a healthy growth trajectory in the infant that is associated with lower risk of later obesity.

Osteoporosis is a disease in which density and quality of bone are reduced , leading to weakness of the skeleton and increased risk of fracture , particularly of the spine , hip and waist .Like any organ in the body , the skeleton needs a balanced diet containing both macronutrient and micronutrient for its normal development and maintenance . It generally well nourished individuals ,the two keys nutrients to consider for bone health are the calcium and vitamin D .Milk and other dairy foods are among the richest and most readily available sources of calcium in the diet .Dairy foods have the additional advantage of being good sources of protein and other micronutrients that are important for bone and general health .Vitamin D is also essential  for the development and maintenance of bone.Both for its role in assisting calcium absorption from the gut.

2)  The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues.

Malnutrition was at the forefront of health issues and as a result many suffered short and long- term effects of this health problem. Vitamin deficiency , stunted growth , skin infections , hair loss , increased illness and death are all contributing factors to being malnourished .Therefore ,preventative measure should be put in place for these vulnerable age group to ward off this health issue.

To avoid malnutrition carbohydrates intake are very important . Carbohydrates provide the body with energy .It also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body .Brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy when there is insufficient carbohydrates consumption for several weeks ,body does not metabolize fatty acid completely and as a result body protein will also be lost and body will weak.

Then protein intake in daily diet. Protein provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates and lipids. Protein help regulate the Ph or acid-base balance , in the blood necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes .Furthermore protein participate in important cell formation for cell vital for the immune system . In the case of starvation excessive muscle tissue is wasted and result is diminished.

Many people want to avoid fat intake in daily diet however fats play an important role for maintaining healthy skin and hair , insulating body organ against shock .Fats also maintaining body temperature and stores energy for the body .Vitamin A,D,E,K are fat soluble, it only can be digested , absorb and transported in  conjunction with fats.

Vitamins and minerals provide protection against infection and diseases. Furthermore,it help the body grow. Vitamins and minerals help the body’s metabolism  and assist in the removal of waste product . Vitamin deficiencies tend to exacerbate over time, we are typically unaware of being deficient until secondary issues manifest themselves. Eating a balanced diet and taking a multi vitamins is one way to curb this issue.

1) The relationship between nutrient intake and diseases or malnutrition

The provision of nutrients in the womb and what we eat and how active we are from birth onwards influences the size and shape of the human body throughout the life course.These processes influences the rate at which we grow and mature from conception to adult life and our physical and mental development.

Overweight and obesity is associated with increased total mortality or death from cardiovascular diseases , diabetes and several  types of cancer. It does so by increasing high blood pressure  , insulin resistance and blood cholesterol.

Fruits and vegetables independently contribute to prevent cardiovascular disease . It is likely that particular vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli and many fruits or vegetables that rich in folate also protect from developing cancer of the colon and rectum, mouth , pharynx larynx and oesophagus .

Eating red and processed meat increases risk of developing colorectal cancer . Saturated fat and trans fat increase blood cholesterol and cardiovascular risk .Higher sodium or salt intake is a major risk factor for elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases and probably stomach cancer .Diets high in meat and dairy also increase blood pressure.

Breastfeeding also plays a role in the health of mothers and their children. For example , the greater the sum of months a mother accumulates lactating over successive pregnancies , the lower her risk of developing breast cancer. Breastfeeding  also promotes a healthy growth trajectory in the infant that is associated with lower risk of later obesity.

Osteoporosis is a disease in which density and quality of bone are reduced , leading to weakness of the skeleton and increased risk of fracture , particularly of the spine , hip and waist .Like any organ in the body , the skeleton needs a balanced diet containing both macronutrient and micronutrient for its normal development and maintenance . It generally well nourished individuals ,the two keys nutrients to consider for bone health are the calcium and vitamin D .Milk and other dairy foods are among the richest and most readily available sources of calcium in the diet .Dairy foods have the additional advantage of being good sources of protein and other micronutrients that are important for bone and general health .Vitamin D is also essential  for the development and maintenance of bone.Both for its role in assisting calcium absorption from the gut.

2)  The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues.

Malnutrition was at the forefront of health issues and as a result many suffered short and long- term effects of this health problem.Vitamin deficiency , stunted growth , skin infections , hair loss , increased illness and death are all contributing factors to being malnourished .Therefore preventative measure should be put in place for these vulnerable age group to ward off this health issue.

To avoid malnutrition carbohydrates intake are very important . Carbohydrates provide the body with energy .It also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body .Brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy when there is insufficient carbohydrates consumption for several weeks ,body does not metabolize fatty acid completely and as a result body protein will also be lost and body will weak.

Then protein intake in daily diet. Protein provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates and lipids. Protein help regulate the Ph or acid-base balance , in the blood necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes .Furthermore protein participate in important cell formation for cell vital for the immune system .In the case of starvation excessive muscle tissue is wasted and result is diminished.

Many people want to avoid fat intake in daily diet however fats play an important role for maintaining healthy skin and hair , insulating body organ against shock .Fats also maintaining body temperature and stores energy for the body .Vitamin A,D,E,K are fat soluble, it only can be digested ,absorb and transported in  conjunction with fats.

Vitamins and minerals provide protection against infection and diseases. Furthermore,it help the body grow. Vitamins and minerals help the body’s metabolism  and assist in the removal of waste product . Vitamin deficiencies tend to exacerbate over time,we are typically unaware of being deficient until secondary issues manifest themselves. Eating a balanced diet and taking a multi vitamins is one way to curb this issue.

12211115087

BCLS 2015

There are a lot of nutrients in our daily food and every nutrient give whether advantages and disadvantages. Nutrients also can cause a disease or malnutrition due to our foods intake.  

Hyperkalemia occur when having too much potassium blood while hypokalemia is lack of potassium in blood. The body needs a delicate balance of potassium to help the heart and other muscles work properly. But too much potassium in your blood can lead to dangerous, and possibly deadly, changes in heart rhythm. Manifestations of hypokalemia include generalized muscle weakness, ileus, and cardiac arrhythmias. The way to overcome these disease are takes a lot of fruits such as banana and grapefruit which having the percentages based on the recommended daily value of 4,700 milligrams for adult men and women.

Besides that, hypercalcemia is also can happen when having too much calcium while is hypocalcemia lack of calcium. Too much calcium in your blood can weaken your bones, create kidney stone, interfere with the way your heart and brain works. Physiologically, blood calcium is tightly regulated within a narrow range for proper cellular processes. Hypocalcemia, the hormone disorder hypoparathyroidism may also cause calcium deficiency disease. People with this condition do not produce enough parathyroid hormone. This hormone controls calcium levels in the blood. Other causes of calcium deficiency disease include malnutrition (starvation) and when your body cannot absorb the vitamins and minerals it needs from the food you eat. The best sources of calcium are dairy foods. Just one cup of milk or yogurt contains 300 milligrams of calcium. Other good sources include cheese and cottage cheese. Use caution with dairy products, however. While you can meet your calcium needs with three to four dairy servings per day but watch out for extra calories and fat.

Next, hypermagnesemia is an electrolyte imbalance and indicated by a high level of magnesium in the blood. Magnesium is excreted by your kidneys. Any damage to the kidneys, when they are not working properly, may cause an increase in magnesium levels. Hypomagnesemia which lack of magnesium can result in disturbances in nearly every organ system and can cause potentially fatal complications for example ventricular arrhythmia, coronary artery vasospasm, sudden death .Boosting magnesium intake through dietary changes. Helpfully, foods rich in magnesium are already recommended in diets associated with positive health outcomes by taking the nuts such as almonds and sunflower seeds.

Chloride is an anion in the human body needed for metabolism which is the process of turning food into energy. It also helps keep the body's acid-base balance. But too much of chloride will cause Hyperchloremia will cause high fever (dehydration) and sweating. Dehydrated can cause of the body is not receiving enough water for the kidneys to properly balance electrolytes. Hypochloremia is when the body is lack of chloride. The individual that hypochloremia will get hypotension, tachycardia, and orthostatic changes in blood pressure. Some foods such as include tomatoes and tomato juice, olives, celery, lettuce, etc. are high in chloride. So, this should be consumed during depleted chloride ion levels.

Hypernatremia is a common electrolyte problem and is defined as a rise in serum sodium concentration. Hypernatremia usually implies either an impaired thirst mechanism or limited access to water. It can cause heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, or capillary leak syndrome. Replacement of intravascular volume and of free water is the main goal of treatment. This can balance the water and salts in the body. Hyponatremia is defined as a lack of serum sodium. Hyponatremia is usually caused by drinking too much water or not taking in enough salt. There are many  medical illnesses, such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, renal failure, or pneumonia, may be associated with hyponatremia. The way to overcome this problem by increase the consumption of foods that already contain a lot of salt such as salty crackers, salty peanuts, and salty low-calorie chips.

These can describe the nutrients required for health and their source of diet. It also can describe the effects of human foods in the body from food that we eating. Nowadays, people need to practice a healthy diet. In my opinion, people should take a healthy food while practice a diet using pyramid food provide by Ministry Of Health. Besides that, people need to take adequate nutrients for the body so that they can maintain our body health and balancing our homeostasis.

12212115188

“You are what you eat” is the phrase that intended as a summary for “if you eat

healthy food you’ll be healthy, but if you eat unhealthy food you’ll be unhealthy”. All foods that we eat have some nutrients inside it. As we know to be healthy person, we must choose our food wisely which is chose the food that rich with nutrient such as fresh fruit, vegetables, lean meats, fish, and low fat milk product. This food contain nutrient like fat, saturated fat, sugars, sodium which is needed in our body. This nutrients is important to provide energy, building blocks for bone, muscle, organs, hormones and blood, needed for process to occur in body like digestion and its protect our body. Our body needs enough nutrients to be healthy, if not it will cause malnutrition. Malnutrition is a condition that results from not getting enough nutrients like calories, protein or micronutrient. For example, India has higher percentage people that suffer malnutrition which is a disease that their physical body turns like skeleton. In conclusion, nutrient is important in our body because its provide energy, building block in our body, help in process in our body and protects body from getting malnutrition issues.

AINUL KAUTHAR BT AHMAD KHASMI

1221115003

BCLS

Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease is a term that describes a range of conditions that affect the heart. Diseases that affect the heart’s muscle, rhythm, structure (congenital heart defect), or blood vessels (coronary artery disease) are all forms of heart disease. Symptoms of heart disease depend on the specific condition. A weak heart muscle may cause fatigue, dizziness, and swelling of the legs, ankles and feet. Symptoms of an abnormal heart rhythm may include chest pain, shortness of breath, or a racing slow heartbeat. Individuals who were born with abnormality in the structure of the heart may experience swelling in the legs or abdomen, pale or blue skin colour, or shortness of breath. Chest pain, shortness of breath and pain in the legs, arms, neck, jaw, or throat may be a result of heart disease in the blood vessels. There are many causes of heart disease depending on the specific form. There are also a few factors that can increase the risk for heart problems. These factors include older age, poor diet, high blood pressure, smoking, a family history of heart disease, stress, obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol levels and poor hygiene.

Firstly, fibre intake is one of the way of reduction in cardiovascular risk. However, the effects of change in dietary fibre on risk factor level have not been evaluated in free-living individuals. Thus, the effects of changes in dietary fibre intake on cardiovascular risk factors were assessed over 3 month in free-living high-risk subject. People who have this disease need to increase their consumption of vegetables, fruits and legumes. When the people who have this disease increased consumption of vegetable products their body weight, waist circumference and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure will decreased across quintiles of fibre intake.

Next, they need to take food that content carbohydrates because it provide the body with energy. When a person sick, he or she need to eat something that can make them feel strong to having their daily life. Carbohydrate also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when there is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost and the body will generally become weakened. So that, half of our calories should come from carbohydrate, so you can determine how many grams of carbohydrate you need based on your calories intake.

Then, protein also can be heart-healthy. It’s also important to eat the proper amount of different types of proteinbecause eating too much saturated fat can elevate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, which can lead to heart disease. Processed meats have been most strongly linked to cardiovascular disease, in part due to high content of added sodium, according to the Harvard School of Public Health. Person who has heart disease was suggested to replace high-fat meats with more heart-healthy proteins like fish, beans, poultry, nuts and low-fat dairy might help prevent heart disease. The nutrients in these forms of protein can help lower cholesterol and blood pressure. By choosing these proteins over high-fat meat options, they can reduce their risk of heart attack and stroke.

 After that, they also need to take vitamins and minerals. Vitamins and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain their vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet. However, when dietary source are limited, taking vitamin supplements is an excellent alternative. Amounts vary for children, seniors, lactating or pregnant women, smokers, heavy alcohol drinkers, stressed those with chronic diseases or those who consume less than 2000 calories per day. Because vitamin deficiencies tend to exacerbate over time, we are typically unaware of being deficient until secondary issues manifest themselves.

In conclusion, we need adequate nutrient intake because our body need to provide structure, regulate chemical reaction (metabolism) and supply energy. For example, protein is important for providing the basic structure of our muscles, carbohydrate is important structural and regulatory component in membrane that surround the millions of cells in our body and many vitamins help regulate the hundreds of chemical reactions that occur in our body.

Firstly, fibre intake is one of the way of reduction in cardiovascular risk. However, the effects of change in dietary fibre on risk factor level have not been evaluated in free-living individuals. Thus, the effects of changes in dietary fibre intake on cardiovascular risk factors were assessed over 3 month in free-living high-risk subject. People who have this disease need to increase their consumption of vegetables, fruits and legumes. When the people who have this disease increased consumption of vegetable productstheir body weight, waist circumference and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure will decreased across quintiles of fibre intake.

Next, they need to take food that content carbohydrates because it provide the body with energy. When a person sick, he or she need to eat something that can make them feel strong to having their daily life. Carbohydrate also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when there is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost and the body will generally become weakened. So that, half of our calories should come from carbohydrate, so you can determine how many grams of carbohydrate you need based on your calories intake.

Then, protein also can be heart-healthy. It’s also important to eat the proper amount of different types of proteinbecause eating too much saturated fat can elevate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, which can lead to heart disease. Processed meats have been most strongly linked to cardiovascular disease, in part due to high content of added sodium, according to the Harvard School of Public Health. Person who has heart disease was suggested to replace high-fat meats with more heart-healthy proteins like fish, beans, poultry, nuts and low-fat dairy might help prevent heart disease. The nutrients in these forms of protein can help lower cholesterol and blood pressure. By choosing these proteins over high-fat meat options, they can reduce their risk of heart attack and stroke.

 After that, they also need to take vitamins and minerals. Vitamins and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain their vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet. However, when dietary source are limited, taking vitamin supplements is an excellent alternative. Amounts vary for children, seniors, lactating or pregnant women, smokers, heavy alcohol drinkers, stressed those with chronic diseases or those who consume less than 2000 calories per day. Because vitamin deficiencies tend to exacerbate over time, we are typically unaware of being deficient until secondary issues manifest themselves.

In conclusion, we need adequate nutrient intake because our body need to provide structure, regulate chemical reaction (metabolism) and supply energy. For example, protein is important for providing the basic structure of our muscles, carbohydrate is important structural and regulatory component in membrane that surround the millions of cells in our body and many vitamins help regulate the hundreds of chemical reactions that occur in our body.

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Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease is a term that describes a range of conditions that affect the heart. Diseases that affect the heart’s muscle, rhythm, structure (congenital heart defect), or blood vessels (coronary artery disease) are all forms of heart disease. Symptoms of heart disease depend on the specific condition. A weak heart muscle may cause fatigue, dizziness, and swelling of the legs, ankles and feet. Symptoms of an abnormal heart rhythm may include chest pain, shortness of breath, or a racing slow heartbeat. Individuals who were born with abnormality in the structure of the heart may experience swelling in the legs or abdomen, pale or blue skin color, or shortness of breath. Chest pain, shortness of breath and pain in the legs, arms, neck, jaw, or throat may be a result of heart disease in the blood vessels. There are many causes of heart disease depending on the specific form. There are also a few factors that can increase the risk for heart problems. These factors include older age, poor diet, high blood pressure, smoking, a family history of heart disease, stress, obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol levels and poor hygiene.

Firstly, fiber intake is one of the way of reduction in cardiovascular risk. However, the effects of change in dietary fiber on risk factor level have not been evaluated in free-living individuals. Thus, the effects of changes in dietary fiber intake on cardiovascular risk factors were assessed over 3 month in free-living high-risk subject. People who have this disease need to increase their consumption of vegetables, fruits and legumes. When the people who have this disease increased consumption of vegetable products their body weight, waist circumference and mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure will decreased across quintiles of fiber intake.

Next, they need to take food that content carbohydrates because it provide the body with energy. When a person sick, he or she need to eat something that can make them feel strong to having their daily life. Carbohydrate also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when there is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost and the body will generally become weakened. So that, half of our calories should come from carbohydrate, so you can determine how many grams of carbohydrate you need based on your calories intake.

Then, protein also can be heart-healthy. It’s also important to eat the proper amount of different types of protein because eating too much saturated fat can elevate low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, which can lead to heart disease. Processed meats have been most strongly linked to cardiovascular disease, in part due to high content of added sodium, according to the Harvard School of Public Health. Person who has heart disease was suggested to replace high-fat meats with more heart-healthy proteins like fish, beans, poultry, nuts and low-fat dairy might help prevent heart disease. The nutrients in these forms of protein can help lower cholesterol and blood pressure. By choosing these proteins over high-fat meat options, they can reduce their risk of heart attack and stroke.

After that, they also need to take vitamins and minerals. Vitamins and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain their vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet. However, when dietary source are limited, taking vitamin supplements is an excellent alternative. Amounts vary for children, seniors, lactating or pregnant women, smokers, heavy alcohol drinkers, stressed those with chronic diseases or those who consume less than 2000 calories per day. Because vitamin deficiencies tend to exacerbate over time, we are typically unaware of being deficient until secondary issues manifest themselves.

In conclusion, we need adequate nutrient intake because our body need to provide structure, regulate chemical reaction (metabolism) and supply energy. For example, protein is important for providing the basic structure of our muscles, carbohydrate is important structural and regulatory component in membrane that surround the millions of cells in our body and many vitamins help regulate the hundreds of chemical reactions that occur in our body.

The health equation is simple; improved nutrient=improved health.

What is nutrient? Nutrient is a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life. What is malnutrition? Malnutrition defines as the lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things or being unable to use the food that one does not eat. Malnutrition is the primary cause of immunodeficiency worldwide. Micronutrient deficiencies have effects such as poor growth, impaired intellect and increased mortality and susceptibility to infection.

Stunting and underweight reflect the general inadequacy of protein, energy and micronutrients in the diets. It was believed that protein deficiency (kwashiorkor) was the predominant basis of nutrition problems because severe protein deficiency bore a definite relationships to antibody formation and the development of the immune system. Vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of diarrhea, malaria, measles and overall mortality. It also increases the risk of developing respiratory disease and chronic ear infections. Zinc deficiency reduces nonspecific immunity, including neutrophil and natural killer cell function and complement activity. Carbohydrates provide the body with energy.

Vitamin A maintains the integrity of the epithelium in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Vitamin A supplementation sustains gut integrity, lowers the incidence of respiratory tract infections, reduces mortality from diarrhea and enhances immunity. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that scavenges free radicals. It also increases both cell-dividing and interleukin-producing capacities of naive T cells but not of memory T cells.

Zinc is a trace essential for all species and is required for the activities of more than 3000 enzymes, carbohydrates and energy metabolism, protein synthesis and degradation, nucleic acid production and carbon dioxide transport.

In conclusion, good nutrition is important and it is a part of leading a healthy lifestyle. Combined with physical activity, your diet can help you to reach and maintain a healthy weight, reduce your risk of chronic diseases and promote your overall health.

   If you eat well, you will be well, but if you eat badly you will feel bad. For entrepreneurs, eating isn't just about satisfying hunger. So say the growing ranks of nutrition experts who specialize in fine-tuning the metabolic performance of business leaders. "You're like an athlete in the workplace," says Richard Chaifetz, CEO of ComPsych, a Chicago-based provider of corporate wellness and employee-assistance programs. "So you should eat like an athlete."

  At the very least, that means lots of lean protein, fruits and vegetables, and complex carbohydrates, no processed foods,and minimal white flour and sugar. But when you spend all day confronting challenging mental tasks, the brain's nutritional demands are greater.

  Malnutrition is caused by eating a diet in which nutrients are not enough or are too much such that it causes health problems. It is a category of diseases that includes undernutrition and overnutrition. Overnutrition means the intake of nutrients is oversupplied while undernutrition is nutrient deficiency. Malnutrition is causes by inadequate or unbalanced diet and lack of single vitamin in the diet.

  Efforts to improve nutrition are some of the most effective forms of development aid. Breastfeeding can reduce rates of malnutrition and death in children. Treating malnutrition, mostly through fortifying foods with micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), improves lives at a lower cost and shorter time than other forms of aid. Micronutrient supplements is ranked as number one.

  In those with diarrhea, once an initial four-hour rehydration period is completed, zinc supplementation is recommended. Daily zinc increases the chances of reducing the severity and duration of the diarrhea, and continuing with daily zinc for ten to fourteen days makes diarrhea less likely recur in the next two to three months.

  In addition, malnourished children need both potassium and magnesium. This can be obtained by following the above recommendations for the dehydrated child to continue eating within two to three hours of starting rehydration, and including foods rich in potassium as above. Low blood potassium is worsened when base is given to treat acidosis without simultaneously providing potassium.

   As above, available home products such as salted and unsalted cereal water, salted and unsalted vegetable broth can be given early during the course of a child's diarrhea along with continued eating. Vitamin A, potassium, magnesium, and zinc should be added with other vitamins and minerals if available.For a malnourished child with diarrhea from any cause, this should include foods rich in potassium such as bananas, green coconut water, and unsweetened fresh fruit juice.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Based on my opinions the relationship between nutrient intake and diseases/ malnutrition and role of nutrient in overcome malnutrition issues are, for example, lacking of carbohydrates can cause ketosis, so to overcome this disease we must takes such as potatoes and bread. Beside that kwashiorkor is mainly caused by inadequate protein intake resulting in a low concentration of amino acids. Marasmus (deficiency in calorie intake) and marasmic Kwashiorkor (marked protein deficiency and marked calorie insufficiency signs present, sometimes referred to as the most severe form of malnutrition) so to overcome this we must take enough proteins and must take adequate nutrients for our body.

Vitamins organic molecules that regulate body process. Vitamin A maintains the integrity of the epithelium in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of diarrheal, Plasmodium falciparum malaria, measles, and overall mortality. Vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of developing respiratory disease and chronic ear infections. Vitamin A supplementation sustains gut integrity, lowers the incidence of respiratory tract infections, reduces mortality from diarrheal, and enhances immunity. Vitamin D supplements may offer a cheap and effective immune system boost against tuberculosis.

Inadequate zinc supply prevents normal release of vitamin A from the liver, clinically, it is associated with growth retardation, neonatal death, and congenital abnormalities. Low blood zinc concentrations have also been found in patients with tuberculosis, diarrheal disease, and pneumonia. Zinc deficiency is associated with abnormal pregnancy outcomes and conditions of relative immune compromise, including alcoholism, kidney disease, burns, inflammatory bowel disease, and HIV infection. Many drugs, including corticosteroids, also cause excessive excretion.

Vitamins, mineral and water are nutrients that do not provide energy. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients, so our body  just needed small amount of nutrients.

Take much of fat also can cause obesity and being overweight. So the conclusion is we must take all the nutrients in a proper and balance way to prevent our body got disease because our body works and got disease based on what we eat.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

In order to overcome the malnutrition issue, people who suffer from over nutrition or under nutrition should first practice a healthy lifestyle such as having a balance diet based on the food pyramid and taking the nutrient like mineral, vitamin, protein, fat, lipid, and carbohydrate to amount that needed by the body. Essential mineral is divided into two class major named, mineral and trace mineral. These two groups are equally importance because it acts as co-factors for enzyme reaction, maintain the pH balance within body and maintain proper nerve conduction. Furthermore, vitamins do not give you calories or energy but it helps to stay healthy as there are many type of vitamin that maintains our body to stay healthy and strong. Therefore, one of the vitamins is vitamin C that prevents cell damage and reduce risk for certain cancer, heart disease and other diseases.

In addition, protein is termed as the building block of body as it is vital in maintenance of body tissues, including development and repair. Plus, it is also a major source of energy. Besides that, fat and lipids also play important roles in overcoming malnutrition issues. The primary roles of lipids in body are to provide energy for muscles and body processes. For under nutrition people they have a very little fat in their body. Hence, they need to gain fat to stay healthy and energy. Moreover, carbohydrate function is to supply energy to the whole body. The carbohydrate from the food you consumed are broke down into a smaller unit of sugar. This sugar is absorbed in digestive tract and transported through bloodstream to supply energy to every muscles and tissues. This is why under nutrition people easily fatigue because less sugar in their muscles and other tissues.

In summary, eating using food pyramid, eat more vegetable and fruit, regularly exercise, and stay active every day is one of the factor to overcoming malnutrition issues.

TAMADHIR BINTI NAYEF

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"Everything you eat becomes a part of not only your inner being, but the outer fabric of your body as well. The healthier the foods are that you consume, the better your skin will look," 

Samantha Heller, MS, RD, clinical nutritionist at NYU Medical Center in New York City

this phrase explained that what ever we take into our body will affect our body function, not only our inner part of body but also our physical apperances. This proved the quoted 'you are what you eat' . for example, the obese person, usually they were not be awared about their daily diet and the result is they might having a problem such as malnutrition. Malnutrition is defined as a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or too much such that the diet causes health problems . For those who are too thin and too small also should be awared about what they are facing now because they are also catagorized as malnutrition patient. there were prety much relationship between the nutrient that we take into our body and also the disease that usually affected our body. Generally, we all know that malnutrition (undernutrient or overnutrient ) can lead to different types of diseases that something can caused to death. In example, if we lack of protein intake, we might exposed to get kwashiorkor. Kwarshiokor is a disease that mainly caused by indequate protein intake. The main symptoms is edema, wasting, liver elargement and hypoalbuminaemia. People who lack of nutrient also known to get malnutrition (undernutrient) . For example, people that lived in certain part of the world where they did not get the sufficient amount of food supply which provides the impotant nutrition to them. Majority of them suffered various type of diseases that cause by the lacking of nutrient in their body. Meanwhile, if one take an excess nutrient, it can lead to obesity, obesiy is a commonly affecting people from the developing countries like Malaysia . Obesity increases the chances to get a various type of diseases such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer and osteoarthritis. Hence, people should know their own needs of nutrition and also must suitable and balance with their age. This can help them to get rid from both overnutrient and undernutrient and help them to live as a healthy human. After all , nutrient take a big role in overcoming malnutrition issues. Before we go deep into the explanation of what is the role of nutrient in controlling malnutrition, allow me to give the definition of nutrient. According to the oxford dictionary, nutrient is a substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and the growth of our body. Its mean, nutrient is very important for our body performance. As I mention in the first paragraph, malnutrition is a disease that happened when we not taking nutrient in its proper amount(less or to much). hence, we can conclude that nutrient takes a very big role in overcoming malnutrition. We must known the amount of nutrient that we take everyday so that we can avoid malnutrition. For those who suffering obesity, they should cut their carbohydrate , fat and others substances that involve obesity in their food. And for those who suffered undernutrition, they should take an action to solve their problem. They should take more nutrient than others to stabilized back their nutrient in body. As conclusion, we must always concern about our health. First thing to do is control our daily diet because 'you are what you eat'. What you eat represented what you will become, a healthy person or the vice versa. Practise our diet using the food pyramid sequence is the best method to avoid malnutrition or also known as malnourishment. The most important is you yourself must well prepared about the needs of your own body, no one can help you unless yourself.

What is nutrient? Nutrient is a component in foods, including water that is used by organism which is essential for growth, reproduction and maintaining good health. Nutrient can be divided into two major class which is macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients is consumed relatively in large amount because it provide a bulk amount of energy especially from carbohydrates, protein and fats. Micronutrients is consumed in relatively smaller quantities, but essential in metabolic process. Example of micronutrients are mineral (zinc, iron and folic acid), vitamins and water. In general, nutrient is defined as the chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy , structural materials and also regulate to support our growth, and repair of the body tissues. 

The relationship between the nutrients intake and the diseases is when we takes too much unhealthy diet in our everyday life and causes some diseases. Besides that, the nutrients may also reduce the risk some of the diseases. Malnutrition cause in liver diseases for example, is someone reduced the nutrient intake it will have anorexia, abdominal pain and it also will effects the medications. The other diseases that affect from the excessive nutrients intake is Diabetes Mellitus. This diseases is due to excessive sugar intake and by the abnormalities in the metabolism of cholesterol, protein and fat.

Malnutrition is a condition that occurs when a person’s diet does not contain right amount of nutrients.Malnutrition also referred to as protein energy malnutrition (PEM), is a consequence of inadequate intake of proteins and calories, or deficiencies in the digestion or absorption of protein resulting in the loss of fat and muscle tissue, weight loss, lethargy and generalized weakness. Malnutrition is determined according to body mass index (BMI). BMI that less than 16kg/m2 is considered as underweight or malnutrition.

Severe malnutrition in children results in two clinical conditions which are kwashiorkor and marasmus. This commonly occur in an area with poor food supply and rare in developing country. Kwashiorkor is characterised by generalised or dependent edema due to severe loss of visceral protein compartment which lead to hypoalbuminemia. Other clinical manifestation are scaly skin, ascites and depigmented hair. This condition often develops when a child is weaned off breast milk, but without the compensation of adequate dietary protein. Marasmus is characterised by severe emaciation rather than edema. Usually they suffers growth retardation, hair loss and severe wasting. Prolonged severe malnutrition may be complicated by bacterial infection, parasitic infection and vitamin deficiency.

Malnutrition diseases such as kwashiorkor, nutritional marasmus and retarded in development. This diseases is causes of the lacking of nutrients needed by someone’s body. So, in case to prevent this diseases we have to take the right amount of nutrients needed. Kwashiorkor causes by the small amount of calories intake and poor food supply. Every person have to take the right diet in their life. Carbohydrate such as bread, rice and others can help in provide energy. If they take with protein, in the same time it will help their growth and also can helps in repairing their tissue that had been damaged. Fat also important in prevent the malnutrition but it must be taken in the right amount. People who have plenty to eat may still be malnourished if they don't eat food that provides the right nutrients, vitamins, and minerals.

Nowadays, obesity also one of the most common malnutrition that occur in our society (Malaysia) due to the sedentary lifestyle. Parameter that being used for obesity is BMI. BMI more than 30kg/m2 is consider as obesity.Increase intake of process food, rich in low density lipoprotein (LDL) is harmful to our body and lead to diseases such like atherosclerosis, stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

To overcome malnutrition, healthy lifestyle need to be imply in daily routine. A good approach to change our eating habit is by following the food pyramid that have been introduce by Ministry of Health. Sufficient amount of carbohydrates, protein, fats, fibers, minerals and vitamins are needed to achieve healthy life and longevity. Total amount of calories intake also should be control. The normal amount of calories intake for an adult is 2000kcal per day for men and 1500kcal per day for women. Instead of having a good diet, exercise also important to prevent malnutrition especially obesity. Exercise at least 30 minutes daily, three times a week will reduce total body fat and prevent chronic diseases such like stroke, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

In conclusion, nutrients is essential in our daily life. Lack or over intake of certain nutrients in our food intake will cause malnutrition and cause other complication such like immunosuppressive, bacterial infection and cardiovascular diseases. Eat healthy, live happily.

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As you know, nutrient is very important to our body. It can give us a good effect and also can be cause to some diseases. These are depend on the way we take our food and also our lifestyle. “You are what you eat” is the best phrase to describe this. Fat, thin, and small are the effect of our nutrient take. Before we go to further, let me tell what nutrition about. Nutrition is the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth. In the other word, the actual way in taking food. The disease of nutrition is called malnutrition. Malnutrition is lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat. It can cause by eating too much or lack of food intake. The part which involve in malnutrition are calories, protein, carbohydrates and vitamins. Besides that, this disease is divide into two type, undernutrition and overnutrition. Undernutrition is when somebody not get enough of nutrition in daily life, while overnutrition is too much intake of food.

Undernutrition is commonly refer to malnutrition disease.According to Wikipedia, malnutrition in documents by the World Health Organization, UNICEF, Save the Children or other international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) usually is equated to undernutrition. Undernutrition may occur when people not have enough of time to prepare food and so busy with daily duty such as work. The effect they will get maybe become underweight, tired, hair fallen and dry skin. These effects sometime can disturb our daily routine and make our day not productive. The effect will become more serious if that person not try to change their habit. For example, we can get serious disease like kwashiorkor and marasmus if we lack in protein taking. These often occur to child. So, as a parent, be aware of this. Make sure they get enough of nutrient. This case also can be relate to this type of malnutrition.

Overnutrition commonly relate to the person which take too much food in daily life. They also lack of exercise and in practicing a healthy lifestyle. Overnutrition will make the person get obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes. Some fact of this disease in our country are 48 percent of Malaysians, of whom 15.2 percent are adults, are obese based on a National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) in 2011. Furthermore, in Public Health Institute (IKU) survey, the number of adults suffering from diabetes had gone up by 3.6 percent compared to 11.6 percent during the national survey in 2006. Lastly, Malaysians had the highest rate of obesity in the Asian region in 2011. These records are occur of this overnutrition take. We must change our daily lifestyle to avoid these thing.

As a conclusion, to overcome those diseases from happen to us, just practice the food pyramid classes. The food pyramid is the best referent for us to take the nutrient. Carbohydrates must take more meanwhile fat food must be the least. Other than that, do some exercises such as jogging every day. You must do it your won. Nobody can do that for you. The condition of your body is the result of your daily lifestyle. So, take care of your body properly.

NUR HADI BIN HANIM

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Did you know? Every 35 days, your skin replaces itself and your body makes new cells from the food you eat. What you eat literally becomes YOU. If you wants become a healthy person so you must follow the correct way of food pyramid and take a healthy diet. If you eat a lot of junk food and drink a lot of soda, your health will suffer. This because, the foods and drinks you put in your body have a direct effect on your health and well-being.That absolutely describe the meaning of “you are what you eat”.

When we said about being a healthy person, of course it have a relation with the nutrient. What is a nutrient? “A nutrient is anything that nourishes a living being. We humans get our nutrients from what we eat. While the best nutrients are natural, we can also get them from vitamins in a bottle.” All of us know when we take ‘too much’ or ‘too less’ nutrient, we can  get some bad effect to our body. When we take too much some of these nutrients, it can make you sick such as ‘heart diseaseas’. It happens when you consuming too much macronutrients like protein or carbohydrates. Besides, when you take too less nutrient such as vitamin A, C and E in your diet, it may ‘impact your immune function.’ Vitamin C, for example, is a key player in the immune system and keeping your body’s tissues healthy and  also involved in the process of healing wounds. So lacking important nutrients is also a form of malnourishment. For your additional information, The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends getting most of your nutrients through food rather than supplements. And the end, do you still want to say what you eat are not describe who you are?

Furthermore, before we go through more about nutrient, did you know, a child dies of malnutrition every six seconds, according to the World Food Program USA. The truth is, they not getting an adequate intake of nutrients that can have a major impact on the body. As you can see the nutrients have a big role to overcome the malnutrition issues. That why the doctor will recommend specific changes in the types and quantities of foods that a person eats, and might prescribe dietary supplements, such as vitamins and minerals. What nutrients can do? It’s provide energy to our body as long as we take the right balance of each nutrient. Also, keep your bones and teeth strong and keep your tissues growth and repair continuously. By that, you can have a good and healthy life and avoid from malnutrition.

At the end of this topic, I want to advice all of you to stay healthy by eat healthy. That is what the quote “you are what you eat” want to tell. Thank you.

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Nutrient is a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.

What is nutrient intake and malnutrition?

Nutrient intake is a nutrient available in the amount needed for the body to function  normally and the individual need to pay special attention to certain nutrient while malnutrition is most simply defined as any nutrition imbalance affect both overweight and underweight patient alike and is generally describe as either undernutrition or  overnutrition. 

Generally, in human body it need essential nutrient such as carbohydrate, protein,  lipid and vitamin so our body can perform or function properly.Briefly, Carbohydrate  are the main nutrient that give our body more energy and are found widely in varies  of food, including table sugar, jam, jelly, fruits, rice, pasta and many more that contain sucrose and glucose. Adequate carbohydrate intake is vital to maintaining health and lower the risk of chronic disease which adult need about 130g/day of digestible carbohydrate to supply sufficient glucose for the brain and central nervous system however  the higher intake of fiber may contribute to decline the absorption of minerals and  cause weight gain, obesity and dental caries. 

Furthermore, protein as a part of nutrient constitute a major part of bone and muscle and importance component in blood, cell membrane and many more. The lower  intake of protein will lead to kwashiorkor which occur when a child is weaned from  human milk and fed mostly starchy gruels. It simply explain the relationship between nutrient intake and malnutrition which the excessive nutrient that we consume also  can contribute to diseases so we must take according to the body needed. 

These nutrient can come from a variety of sources such as fruits, vegetables, meats,  dairy products and other food . In every type nutrient contain the benefit which can  overcoming malnutrition issues.For example, taking fatty acid from oils present in fish and a diet rich in whole grain foods and other plant foods as well as low in total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol may reduce risk of cardiovascular disease and certain  cancers. Moreover,whole grains and fruit are full of fiber which reduces the risk of  coronary heart disease and helps maintain normal blood glucose levels.

In addition,vitamin and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and  diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain your vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet. However, when dietary sources are limited, taking  vitamin supplements is an excellent alternative. As much as we would like to eliminate fats from our regular diets, this food source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulating body organs against shock, maintaining body  temperature, and promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body. 

In addition, Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they can only be digested, absorbed, and transported in conjunction with fats.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

  You are what you eat means "if you eat healthful foods you'll be healthy and if you eat unhealthy foods you'll be unhealthy."

  What is nutrient ? Nutrients are chemical substances in foods that provide energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process. Good nutrition can help prevent disease and promote health. There are six categories of nutrients that the body needs to acquire from food: protein, carbohydrates, fat, fibres, vitamins and minerals, and water.

  The first nutrient that we are going to discuss is carbohydrates. Carbohydrates may directly influence human diseases by affecting physiological and metabolic processes, thereby reducing risk factors for the disease or the disease process itself. Carbohydrates may also have indirect effects on diseases. High intake in carbohydrates can cause obesity.  High carbohydrate foods promote satiety in the short term. Other than that, high intake of carbohydrates also can cause type 2 diabetes;  a disorder involving high blood sugar levels. In this condition the pancreas does not produce enough insulin. Next, dental caries. They occur when bacteria on your teeth metabolize carbohydrates. This leaves behind an acid, which sits on your teeth, slowly destroying the hard enamel covering and underlying structures of the tooth. Lack of carbohydrates can cause hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar or low blood glucose, occurs when the glucose levels in the blood drop below normal. Lack of carbohydrates also can cause ketosis. Eating less than 130 grams of carbohydrates a day can cause a buildup of ketones, which are partially broken-down fats in the blood.

  The second nutrient that we are going to discuss is protein. Although proteins act in virtually all life-sustaining processes in your body, too much of a good thing can be bad. People who consume excessive intake of protein tend to have high cholesterol. Because of the saturated fat consumed from eating large amounts of protein, risk raised on blood cholesterol level, which sets on a path toward heart disease. Next, high intake of protein can cause kidney disease. High levels of protein in a diet can tax the kidneys and cause an acceleration of a decline in kidney function. A side effect of high-protein diets' action in the kidneys is that they lead to an increased loss of calcium through urine. Continuous loss of calcium due to protein consumption can increase your risk of osteoporosis. On the other hand, lack of protein also can cause problems. Marasmus is a disease caused by a severe deficiency of protein and calories that affect infants and very young children, often resulting in weight loss and dehydration. Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by a severe deficiency of protein in diets that contain calories mostly from carbohydrates such as yams, rice and bananas. It usually affects older children.

The third nutrient that we are going to discuss is fat and lipid. Excess fat in your diet increases your caloric intake and introduces detrimental elements into your bloodstream that threaten your health and longevity. Excess intake of fats can lead to obesity. Then, constipation. Diets that are high in fat can affect your digestive organs, including the stomach and colon. Atherosclerosis; Consuming a lot of saturated fat affects your blood cholesterol and arterial health, which can ultimately damage your heart, brain or kidneys. An excess of fat and a shortage fibre in your diet can cause cancerous cellular growth, which can spread to many organs. An excess of fat and a shortage fibre in your diet can cause cancerous cellular growth, which can spread to many organs. Deficiency of fats lead to fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies. Besides that, it also can cause skin problems. An essential fatty acid deficiency increases the loss of water from your skin, which results in a dry, scaly rash. In addition, deficiency of fats may lead to cognitive problem and vision issues.

Next, vitamins and minerals. Adequate vitamin and mineral intake from a balanced diet is essential for maintaining health and preventing diseases caused by dietary deficiencies, such as pellagra (triggered by a shortage of niacin) or night blindness in children who lack vitamin A. But at too high a level some nutrients can be toxic. Ingesting too much vitamin A during pregnancy can cause severe developmental abnormalities in the fetus, for example. Excessive zinc can suppress rather than stimulate the immune system. Large doses of niacin can produce symptoms that range from nausea and blurred vision to liver toxicity. Lack of vitamin C may cause scurvy. Then, ricket. This condition is brought on by a lack of vitamin D, which causes the body to be unable to absorb or deposit calcium. Less commonly, it can also be caused by a lack of calcium or phosphorus, but vitamin D deficiency is by far the most common cause.

Malnutrition is lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat. Malnutrition can be divided into two; which are undernutrition and overnutrition. Undernutrition is lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat. Overnutrition is the excessive intake of food, especially in unbalanced proportions. Your dietary plans will depend on your individual circumstances, but it's likely you'll be advised to gradually increase your intake of energy (calories), protein, carbohydrates, fluids, and vitamins and minerals. The aim is to reduce your risk of developing complications, such as infections, and to avoid hospital admission.

For carbohydrates; make at least half of the grains you consume whole grains. Whole grains and fruit are full of fibre, which reduces the risk of coronary heart disease and helps maintain normal blood glucose levels. For protein; Nine of the 20 amino acids, known as essential amino acids, must be provided in the diet as they cannot be synthesized in the body. Ten to 35 percent of your daily calories should come from lean protein sources such as low-fat meat, dairy, beans or eggs. Then, for fats; increases the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins including vitamins A, D, E and K. Twenty to 35 percent of your daily intake should come from fat. For vitamins; Vitamin C is necessary for the synthesis of collagen, which provides structure to blood vessels, bone and ligaments. Rich sources include citrus fruits, strawberries and peppers. Folate, found in foods, helps to prevent birth defects. Vitamin D helps to maintain calcium homeostasis. It can be found in food sources or synthesized by the sun. As for minerals; Sodium helps to maintain fluid volume outside of the cells and helps cells to function normally. Keep intake under 2,400 milligrams per day. Potassium maintains fluid volume inside and outside of cells and prevents the excess rise of blood pressure with increased sodium intake. Calcium helps to maintain and build strong bones and teeth. Include three servings of calcium-rich foods per day including milk, low-fat cheese and yogurt.

You are what you eat is a quote that give the meaning of the food that we eat have a direct effect on our health and well-being. If we consumes the good fuel in our body, it will perform better. If we eat a lot of junk food, our health will suffer. Nutrients are chemical substances in the food that provide energy and helps to regulate the body process. Malnutrition means too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy consumed by our body. It can be nutrients deficiency and also excess of nutrient.

A journal “Cell” published that what you eat can give major effect on your body composition and physiology. For example, according to the Centers for Disease Control, high intake in fruits and vegetables can lower the risk of some chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. This has approve that a good food intake has many of health benefits.  But if they are consumes more than what our body need, it will lead us to the malnutrition problems as well as diseases. For example, too much consumes of foods will lead to the body weight problem such as obesity that usually occur caused by overeating. Oversupplying the specific nutrients also will lead to the nutritional imbalance problem such as iron poisoning, vitamin poisoning and etc.

For those who are on diet, they will consume the small amount of food. But if the food that they eat have the insufficient nutrients needed by the body, health problems also will occur. Nutrients deficiency also one of the malnutrition problems. For example, rickets in children is the disease where a person is having insufficient of vitamin D and iron deficiency can lead to anaemia.

To overcome the malnutrition problems and diseases, the right amount of nutrients should be supplied to our body. We have to follow the food pyramid that have been globalized by the expertise. Take more the good food and lessen the junk food and fast food intake. So that the ideal body weight can be achieved.

     The nutrient in food contain give a lots of benefits to humans health. Deficiency of   certain nutrients may lead to diseases or malnutrition. Protein deficiency disrupts the chemical balance in your body, which can lead to leakage of fluid into your body tissues, or edema. Protein deficiency accompanied by edema is called kwashiorkor and most commonly occurs in young children. Elderly people with a protein deficiency are also vulnerable to developing kwashiorkor. However, eating too much of them is not ideal and causes intestinal autointoxication. Proteins do more in your body than just help build strong muscles. They are present in every cell and tissue, each one with a highly specialized function necessary for normal development and function with no one role more important than the others.

     The main function of carbohydrates is to provide the body and brain with energy. An adequate intake of carbs also spares proteins and helps with fat metabolism. Low energy intake is linked to an Increase of mortality rate. A lack of the essential nutrient that the body needs can reduce muscle mass as protein is broken down for
energy. Low energy intake is linked to low serum albumin.

     Calcium is crucial in growing new bone and maintaining bone strength. The deficiency of calcium decrease bone mineralization, increased risk of osteoporosis in adults and increase risk of rickets in children. The mineral calcium is well-known for its key role in bone health. Calcium also helps maintain heart rhythm, muscle function, and more. There's good evidence that calcium can help prevent or control high blood pressure. It also may reduce PMS symptoms as well as play a role in preventing certain cancers. Calcium with vitamin D, for instance, may help protect against breast cancer in premenopausal women. Calcium also has been looked at for other uses, for example, aiding weight loss.

    Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble antioxidant essential for human health and life. It has been proven necessary for healthy immune responses, wound healing,
reduction in allergic responses, development of connective tissue components
such as collagen, and for the prevention of diseases. Vitamin C has also been
shown to be important for cardiovascular Healthy reducing free radical production and free radical damage, and good cognitive health and performance. The most well-known consequences to not having enough vitamin D are rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. These are far from the only problems associated with a vitamin D deficiency. The consequences are numerous and include skeletal diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases, infections, cognitive disorders, or mortality.

    As conclusion, nutrients are needed for a healthy body. Good nutritional habits and a balanced diet aren't developed in one day, nor are they destroyed in one unbalanced meal. Healthful eating means a lifestyle of making choices and decisions, planning, and knowing how to make quick and wise choices when you haven't planned. What you learn about eating in these first years on your own will help establish good dietary patterns for the rest of your life.

Nutrient intake and malnutrition have always been intricately linked. Nutrient is defined as a food or biochemical substance used by the body that must be supplied in adequate amounts from the foods that have been consumed. The body uses nutrients for growth, maintenance, and repair and needs to take in about 40 varieties to function properly. Nutrients can be grouped into six categories that is carbohydrate, protein, lipid (fat), water, vitamins, and minerals. These six nutrients are further classified according to size and energy. Carbohydrate, protein, and fat are macronutrients because they make up the bulk of your diet. Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients because they are required in much smaller amounts.

Malnutrition can be defined as the insufficient, excessive or imbalanced consumption of nutrients. In many developing countries malnutrition is widespread, simply because people do not have enough food to eat. Individuals are malnourished, or suffer from under nutrition if their diet does not provide them with adequate calories and protein for maintenance and growth, or they cannot fully utilize the food they eat due to illness. Poor intake of nutrients may lead to a vitamin or mineral deficiency, among other essential substances, sometimes resulting in scurvy, a condition where an individual has a vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency.

Malnutrition can also lead to a variety of health problems such as problems of digestion, skin problem and defective bone growth. The most widespread nutritional deficiency is iron deficiency which can result in anemia. According to the World Health Organization, over 30 percent of the world’s population suffers from this condition. Another example of nutrition deficiency is calcium deficiency. Calcium helps in the development of strong bones and teeth. It also helps the heart, nerves and muscle to function properly. Although over ten percent of the world is suffering from a lack of proper nutrition, there are some areas on earth where food is plentiful, but people still exhibit a type of malnutrition. Over nutrition is defined as the overconsumption of nutrients and food to the point at which health is adversely affected.  Over nutrition can develop into obesity, which increases the risk of serious health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, and type-2 diabetes.

The type of malnutrition treatment recommended depends mainly on its severity, and whether the patient has an underlying illness which is a contributory factor. To overcome malnutrition issues among the patient, a well-balanced diet must be consumed and a person with a malnutrition disease need to gradually increase the number of calories through several small meals at regular intervals during the day. Malnutrition disease also can be treated by monitoring eating habits and conditions. If malnutrition occurs due to environmental, financial or psychological reasons, ongoing supervision might be necessary to ensure that an adequate nutrition is consumed. Two litres or 8 glasses of fluid a day is needed to keep the body hydrated and the kidneys working efficiently. In hot weather, even more fluid is required. Alcohol and strong coffee do not count, as these act as diuretics and force the kidney to excrete more fluid than normal. In addition, eat more vegetables because some of them such as cauliflower, melons, strawberries and dark green vegetables contains vitamin C. The body uses vitamin C for healing wounds and building immunity. The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition also can be seen when a person consume most of their calories from grains, breads and cereals. Choose whole grain options, the more fibre the better where an optimal amount is 5g per serving. Limit milk products to three servings per day and consume only non fat or low-fat options. People who are addicted to alcohol and abuse alcohol may sometimes suffer from malnutrition. The only effective way to address this is to treat the alcoholism. There are several ways of treating alcoholism, the first step is that the alcoholic need  to acknowledge that there is an alcohol dependency problem in her or his self. The next step is definitely to seek help from the specialist.

In conclusion, taking a balance diet in our daily life is very important. By taking the right food it can bring a lot of benefits to us. It also can  lower the risk of getting any disease that cause by the lack of nutrients intake such as digestion, skin problem and defective bone growth. Use food pyramid as our guideline to ensure that all the important nutrients have been consumed throughout the day. Stress, tension, rushing and eating on the run all take their toll on your digestion and health. Try to relax and take the time to really appreciate the food in front of you.

“ You Are What You Eat"

Nutrient is the food components that provides energy and supports the growth of the body. Nutrient is divided into two groups, that is macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients come in larger or bulk amount such as carbohydrates, protein and fats while micronutrients come in smaller amount such as water, minerals and vitamins. Malnutrition is a condition that occurs when a person’s diet does not contain right amount of nutrients. Our food consists of carbohydrates, protein, fats and water. A well balanced diet is food consumption that fulfill our requirements and supply enough nutrients.  When our food intake do not supply enough nutrients, our body will face health problems, called under-nutrition or undernourishment, while over-nutrition happens when we have too much nutrients intake from our diet.

Undernourishment happens because high-quality food being unavailable. This is often related to poor food supply, high food prices and poverty in developing country. People could not afford food, that causes them not to get enough nourishment. This type of malnutrition occurs to the people who live in poor country, which has less access to food. Kwashiorkor and marasmus are the examples of undernourishment. Kwashiorkor is mainly caused by inadequate protein intake, resulting in a low concentration of amino acids. The main symptoms are edema wasting, liver enlargement, hypoalbuminaemia, steatosis, and possibly depigmentation of skin and hair.Kwashiorkor is identified by swelling of the extremities and belly, which is deceiving of actual nutritional status. Marasmus is commonly represented by a shrunken, wasted appearance, loss of muscle mass and subcutaneous fat mass, that caused by caused by a severe deficiency of nearly all nutrients, especially protein, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Over-nutrition happen when a person eats too much, do not exercise regularly, or taking too many dietary replacements. Contradict with undernourishment, people who suffers over-nutrients not only can afford the food, but also well heeled to take junk food and fast foods which are unhealthy in their daily diet. This type of malnutrition happens to well developed country, which food deficiency is not a problem to them since food is available everywhere. Heart problems, gout, obesity are the effects of over nutrition. For heart problems, fatty matter,calcium and  proteins build up within the arteries to form plaques, which decrease the oxygen supply for the heart, causing heart attack. People will find breathe is painful and difficult. Besides, gout caused by too much uric acid in the blood. The excess of uric acids may form hard crystals in the joints and it can cause an attack of sudden burning pain, stiffness, and swelling in a joint, usually a big toe.

 In order to maintain our body healthy, we need to practice correct eating habit, with correct amount of foods, according to food pyramid or  my plate. We should eat moderate amounts of foods that supply us with nutrients required. Everyone should know their own needs of nutrition based on their lifestyle, physical activity, age, sex and others. Carbohydrates, protein, fats, fibres, minerals and vitamins consumed must be taken in sufficient amount to promote a healthy life and longevity. Total amount of calories intake also should be control.

To conclude, nutrition is vital in our diet. Malnutrition is the result if we do not practice correct eating habit, by eating too much or too less thus affecting the  intake of nutrients in our body. So, we must eat healthy and follow the guideline in our religion, such as eat ‘ halal’ food and eat moderately since it is the best way to keep us healthy.

“You are what you eat”

A healthy diet contains ample amounts of three macro nutrients which are proteins, carbohydrates and fats. Consuming several servings of each macronutrient is essential to our health and failure to consume enough of any nutrient can lead to malnutrition. Malnutrition is too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy.

First and foremost, insufficient protein in our diet leads to a breakdown of our tissue. As a result, prolonged protein deficiency leads to tissue loss, especially a loss of protein-rich muscle tissue. Besides, too much of protein can also lead to malnutrition because our body must remove more nitrogen waste products from our blood, which stresses our kidneys. Chronic dehydration can occur.

In general, to keep our protein intake from being too low or too high, consume roughly 0.8 grams of high-quality protein every day for each kilogram we weigh. High-quality protein sources contain all essential amino acids and include meat, fish and milk products are recommended.

Furthermore, carbohydrates are our body's primary energy source, so we may feel fatigue if we do not eat enough of them. Our body converts carbohydrates into a form of sugar called glucose, which it uses for immediate energy. It also stores excess glucose as glycogen in our muscles and liver for later use, such as during exercise. Moreover, when carbohydrates supply is low, our body creates extra ketones and our kidneys must work harder than usual to flush them from our system and this possibly leading to serious damage.

When we consume too much of carbohydrates, the excessive carbohydrates are broken down by the digestive system into glucose, they are released into the bloodstream increasing the level of blood sugar. In response, the pancreas stops secreting glucagon and releases insulin . As a result, a person may tend to become a diabetic. In order to avoid this disease, we must control our carbohydrates intake. At a minimum, an intake of 50 to 100 grams of carbohydrates daily is required for our body.

Besides, eating foods rich in fats increases our risk of developing atherosclerosis, which is a condition that causes the walls of the arteries to thicken. This constricts the flow of blood to the tissues, increasing the risk of heart attack or stroke. Other than that, obesity occurs when we consume more calories than our body needs. Keeping our fat intake helps we stay healthy, but avoiding fat altogether can do serious harm to our body. Eating no fat can disrupt our hormone levels, weaken our bones and impair our digestion, kidney function and immune function. In severe cases of fat deficiency, organ failure and death result. Because even a very low-fat diet may undermine our health, it's important to include a moderate amount of fat in our meal plan. We are suggested to consume about 30-35% of our daily calorie intake should come from fat to maintain a balanced diet and to avoid malnutrition.

Last but not least, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how to properly store it for long-term use can assist us in maintaining our health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourish ment.

"YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT"

The relationship between nutrient intake and malnutrition is the amount taken
rather too little or too much of one or more nutrient or energy. Where
nutritional deficiency resulting from lack of food or from the inability of the
body to convert or absorb it. This nutritional deficiency also known as
undernutrition. While in the other hands, the excess of nutrient or energy or
also known as over nutrition means the excessive intake of food, especially in
unbalance proportions.

Both over nutrition and undernutrition affect energy metabolism. As diet containing large amount of carbohydrates are associated with obesity and increased caloric intake. Where
obesity is generally caused by eating too much and moving too little. The high
amount of energy consumed from the diet, particularly from fat and sugars, but
do not burn off the energy through exercise and physical activity, much of the
surplus energy is stored by the body as fat. The consumption of food away from
home, salty snacks, soft drinks and pizza contribute to this increase in
carbohydrate calories. Intakes of carbohydrates that contain high amount of
fibre, such as whole grain, vegetables lentils and fruit which has more
minerals and vitamins while limiting intakes of processed foods and added
sugars will help fill up the body faster and keep the body full longer to
eliminate desire for high- carbohydrate snacks and overeating during meals.

Next, the excess protein intake can cause nausea and diarrhaea. If a couple high protein intake with a low-carb diet, the fatigue, headaches and weakness could be experienced.
Protein malnutrition can lead to decreased muscle mass, hair and skin changes.
Protein-rich choices include eggs, lean meats, seafood, low-fat dairy foods,
soy products, nuts and legumes which are contains zinc to help heal wounds and plays an important role in the immune system, reproduction, growth, taste, vision, and smell, blood clotting, and proper insulin and thyroid function that can overcome this disease.

The excessive intake of lipid or eating too much food that contains saturated fat
and high cholesterol obstructs the arteries, comprising the health and safety.
Atherosclerosis or blocked arteries is one of the disease cause by the
unhealthy diets and high cholesterol. The saturated and trans fats from foods
build up as plaques inside the arteries, narrowing the space through which
blood can flow. This makes blood vessels more rigid and the plaques susceptible
to bursting. To avoid this condition, you can increase dietary fibre and decrease
fatty foods in your meals which main role to keep the digestive system healthy.Fibre has also been shown to benefit diabetes, blood cholesterol levels and weight control.

As a conclusion, the malnutrition in an infant age can make a permanent damage to the brain and develop in a slow way. So then we as a healthy people should take a right portion of food in order to avoid the malnutrition.

You Are What You Eat

Food is known as the second most essentials requirements of living with water being the first. It is however true that human can survive up to 7 days only with water but human need food for energy to perform daily activities effectively. For instance, according to Patti Miligan, director of nutrition at Tignum, when one work so hard that if felt as though one’s brain is on fire, it actually sort of was due to the brain producing lots of oxidants when working. Thus, she suggested that food that is high in antioxidants such as berries, beans, apples, and tea is preferable to be consumed as those will act like flame retardants. Thus, it is proven that food intake choices is more important than people think it is since it provides essential nutrients that is required by our body for optimum function.

Nutrient is defined as chemical substances in foods that provide energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process. A requisite nutrient is a nutrient that the body unable to synthesize on its own or not to an adequate amount. The six essential nutrients include carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and water. Meanwhile, malnutrition is defined as having too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy such that the diet causes health problems. Not enough nutrient is called undernutrition or undernourishment while too much is called overnutrition. However, malnutrition is often used specifically to refer undernutrition where there is insufficient calories, protein, or micronutrients.

Undernourishment is usually due to not enough high-quality food being available to eat. There are two types of undernutrition which are protein-energy malnutrition and dietary deficiencies. Two severe forms of protein-energy malnutrition are marasmus; lack of protein and calories, and kwashiorkor; lack of iron, iodine, and vitamin A. Anorexia nervosa and bariatric surgery are known as other causes of malnutrition. There are numerous diseases for example the infectious diseases that are caused by lack of breast feeding are gastroenteritis, pneumonia, malaria and measles. On the contrary, overnutrition in the form of obesity has begun to present in some developing countries within the same communities as undernutrition.

In order to overcome undernutrition, a number of approaches are performed. Breastfeeding has proven able to reduce rates of malnutrition and death in children, thus efforts to promote practice of breastfeeding is increased. In addition, supplementation of plenty micronutrients to women during pregnancy and among young children also helps in reducing the rates of malnutrition. People is also encouraged to take proper diet in order to obtain sufficient nutrient needed. By following the food pyramid with proper serving, people will be able to be not just healthy, but more self-motivated to perform daily activities since the brain is functioning in its optimum rate.

To conclude, nutrient intake is more important than it seems. It is very important for us to evaluate what we consume but not too paranoid of eating too much because if we really follow the right diet and keep our body active by performing daily exercise, we are able to reduce the risk of malnutrition. The most important key is consistency. With consistency and devoted to what we are trying to aim, we will be able to achieve our goals because after all, we are what we eat.

                             “YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT”

The relationship between nutrient intake and health or malnutrition is rather it is too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy. Which is nutrient deficiency such as
undernutrition occurs when people do not eat or absorb enough nutrients to
cover their needs for energy and growth, or to maintain a healthy immune
system. Undernutrition makes infections worse because the body lacks
anti-oxidants to mop up harmful free radicals and the nutrients needed to
maintain immunity and the linings of the gut and respiratory systems are weak
so pathogens can easily invade. Undernutrition at different ages. For example,
the period during which undernutrition has the most severe consequences that
often cannot be fully reversed is from conception until the age of two years.

Both overnutrition and undernutrition affect energy metabolism, with overnutrition raising energy expenditure and undernutrition lowering it. Fever is a powerful stimulator of
thermogenesis. In diseases such as cancer, AIDS, diabetes mellitus, and
rheumatoid arthritis, whether energy expenditure is increased or decreased
often depends on how advanced the disorder is. Early on, when the greater
protein turnover characteristic of these conditions is paramount, energy
expenditure is increased. In addition, in diseases such as cancer, AIDS, and
rheumatoid arthritis in which cytokines are released, the cytokines'
thermogenic effect initially increases the metabolic rate. However, as the
disease becomes more advanced and leads to cachexia, energy expenditure drops
below normal. Acute conditions such as burns and trauma significantly raise
energy expenditure, primarily by increasing sympathetic response and the
release of catecholamines, which are powerful stimulators of energy
expenditure.

The most frequently occurring form of dietary sodium is sodium chloride, the ingredient in ordinary table salt. Sodium helps to control your blood pressure and blood volume, and your nerves and muscles need sodium in order to function properly. However, a diet
that includes excessive amounts of sodium may have harmful effects on your
health. These effects can impact kidney function as well as your cardiovascular, digestive and skeletal systems. Consuming too much sodium may elevate your blood pressure.

However, this is micronutrient which is iron. The prevalence of deficiency is there are an estimated 2 billion cases of anaemia worldwide. In developing countries, anaemia prevalence rates are estimated to be about 50% in pregnant women and infants under 2 years, 40% in school-aged children. Iron deficiency is estimated to be responsible for
around 50% of all anaemia cases. There are approximately 1 billion cases of
iron deficiency without anaemia worldwide. Hence, the risk factor of iron is
low intakes meat/fish/poultry and high intakes of cereals and legumes. Preterm
delivery or low birth weight. During pregnancy and adolescence (periods during
which requirements for iron are especially high). Heavy menstrual losses,
parasite infection such as hookworm, schistosomiasis, ascaris). About health
consequences is to reduced cognitive performance, lower work performance and
endurance, impaired iodine and vitamin A metabolism, anaemia and Increased risk
of maternal mortality and child mortality with more severe anaemia.

The conclusion is the role of scientists and experts in this type of issue is to diffuse their knowledge and for poor people to provide them assistance.

“You Are What You Eat”

If you eat well, you will be well but if not, you may be can get any disease or malnutrition. Malnutrition is when a person’s diet has imbalance. 

Hypoglycemia. This disease caused by lack of carbohydrates in healthy people. Hypoglycemia also known as low blood sugar or low blood glucose, occurs when the glucose level are below than normal. This carbohydrates is the main course of glucose because they are broken down into sugar during digestion and enter the cell with help of insulin, providing energy. 

But if over taking in too many carbohydrates, we probability can get obesity or weight gain. When you consume carbohydrate, your body will first use them to supply immediate energy needs. After that, carbohydrates are stored in your liver and muscles in the form of glycogen. Once glycogen stores are full, the remainder of the carbohydrates more calories than you burn in day whether from carbohydrates, protein of fats, you will gain weight.

Next, vitamin C cannot be made by the human body and so is an essential component of the diet. It is needed for the health and repair of various tissues in your body, including skin, bone, teeth and cartilage. Deficiency or a lack of vitamin C in your body happens because of a lack of sufficient amounts of vitamin C in your diet. Overtime, a lack of vitamin C means that new collagen cannot be formed. This causes various tissues in your body to start to break down and the health and repair of your body become affected. Persistent (chronic) vitamin C deficiency, usually over a period of around three months or more, can lead to an illness known as scurvy.

The conclusion is, the balance nutrient is more important in ours body to prevent the mulnutrition or disease. So we must eat health’s food and keep follows the pyramid food.

Diet may be one of the best preventive medicines in order to reduce the risk of diseases. By adding or limiting the certain nutrients in diet, it can affect the risk of chronic diseases such as arthritis, diabetis and hypertension. If the diet that we takes contain high in saturated fat, dietary cholesterol and calories and also lack adequate amount of fruits and vegetables, the risk of developing diseases is higher.

Nutrients are needed to maintain body’s health state. For example, human brain does not develop well without the necessary input of protein in daily diet. Vitamin A is essential for functioning of immune system. The lack of vitamin A intake can cause blindness. Next is iodine is needed for regulation of growth and metabolism. The lower amount of iodine intake may cause the brain damage. Also, iron is needed for manufacture hemoglobin. The lack of iron in body will cause the disease called iron deficiency anemia. Higher amounts of carbohydrate can reduce cholesterol level, thus lowering the risk of disease such as cancer and diabetis.

Unhealthy eating habits have contributed to the obesity of children and adolescents aged. Even for people at a healthy weight, a poor diet is associated with major health risks that can cause illness and even death.

Diet may be one of the best preventive medicines in order to reduce the risk of diseases. By adding or limiting the certain nutrients in diet, it can affect the risk of chronic diseases such as arthritis, diabetis and hypertension. If the diet that we takes contain high in saturated fat, dietary cholesterol and calories and also lack adequate amount of fruits and vegetables, the risk of developing diseases is higher.

Nutrientsare needed to maintain body’s health state. For example, human brain does not develop well without the necessary input of protein in daily diet. Vitamin A is essential for functioning of immune system. The lack of vitamin A intake can cause blindness. Next is iodine is needed for regulation of growth and metabolism. The lower amount of iodine intake may cause the brain damage. Also, iron is needed for manufacture hemoglobin. The lack of iron in body will cause the disease called iron deficiency anemia. Higher amounts of carbohydrate can reduce cholesterol level, thus lowering the risk of disease such as cancer and diabetis.

Unhealthy eating habits have contributed to the obesity of children and adolescents aged. Even for people at a healthy weight, a poor diet is associated with major health risks that can cause illness and even death.

Diet may be one of the best preventive medicines in order to reduce the risk of diseases. By adding or limiting the certain nutrients in diet, it can affect the risk of chronic diseases such as arthritis, diabetis and hypertension. If the diet that we takes contain high in saturated fat, dietary cholesterol and calories and also lack adequate amount of fruits and vegetables, the risk of developing diseases is higher.

Nutrients are needed to maintain body’s health state. For example, human brain does not develop well without the necessary input of protein in daily diet. Vitamin A is essential for functioning of immune system. The lack of vitamin A intake can cause blindness. Next is iodine is needed for regulation of growth and metabolism. The lower amount of iodine intake may cause the brain damage. Also, iron is needed for manufacture hemoglobin. The lack of iron in body will cause the disease called iron deficiency anemia. Higher amounts of carbohydrate can reduce cholesterol level, thus lowering the risk of disease such as cancer and diabetis.

Unhealthy eating habits have contributed to the obesity of children and adolescents aged. Even for people at a healthy weight, a poor diet is associated with major health risks that can cause illness and even death.

ASSIGNMENT 1: PRINCIPLE OF NUTRITION

NAME: NUR DAWANA ILYIA BT MOHAMED MAHYUDDIN

ID NO:  12211115192 / BCLS

LECT NAME: MDM. MASYITA MAMOT

1)  The relationship between nutrient intake and disease malnutrition

2)  The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition

   “ YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT”

 Everything you eat becomes a part of not only your inner being, but the outer fabric of your body as well. The healthier the foods are that you consume, the better your skin will look.

1)  The relationship between nutrient intake and disease malnutrition

Nutrient intake are found in all foods and drinks. Its provide nourishment for our body. The nourishment is in the form of substance which provide energy building blocks for bone, muscles, organs, hormones and blood, subtances needed for processes to occur in the body like digestion and substance that protect our body. If we lack of nutrient we can lead to diseases.

Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that diet causes health problem. Its refers when the body does not receive enough nutrient for proper function. Malnutrition may range from mild to severe and life threatening.

Extreme undernourishment, known as starvation may have symptoms that include a short height, thin body, very poor energy levels, and swollen legs and abdomen. People also often get infections and are frequently cold. The symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies depend on the micronutrient that is lacking. Common micronutrient deficiencies include a lack of iron, iodine, and vitamin A. During pregnancy, due to the body's increased need, deficiencies may become more common.

Lack of nutrients also can leads to disease such as Anorexia nervosa, condition an eating disorder characterized by a low weight, fear of gaining weight, a strong desire to be thin, and food restriction. Many people with anorexia see themselves as overweight even though they are underweight. If asked they usually deny they have a problem with low weight. Often they weigh themselves frequently, eat only small amounts, and only eat certain foods.

As a conclusion, when we eat healthy, we physically feel good. We mentally have more energy to do the things that matter. When we are both globally conscious and personally healthy in our eating choices, we are contributing to the welfare of the planet. Our decision to practice healthy eating habits has so many consequences in so many ways.

2)  The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issue

Concentrating on storing foods that have carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals can assist in maintaining healthy bodies and decrease the likelihood of malnutrition in a long-term emergency.

Simply put, carbohydrates provide the body with energy. They also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when their is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost, and the body will generally become weakened.. At a minimum, an intake of 50 to 100 grams of carbohydrates is required to prevent the development of ketones that the brain can use somewhat inefficiently for energy For an example, white rice, pasta, wheat, oats, dehydrated fruits and vegetables, sugars, honey, fruits, roots and cereals

Next, protein is a part of every cell in the human body. Also, equally as important, proteins provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids. Proteins also help regulate the pH, or acid-base balance, in the blood, are necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes, and participate in important cell formation for cells vital for the immune system. In general, it’s recommended that 10–35% of your daily calories come from protein. Example of food that contains protein such as legumes, eggs, nuts, peanut butter, canned meats and fish, oatmeal, grains, wheat, and quinoa.

Next is fats. As much as we would like to eliminate fats from our regular diets, this food source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulating body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature, and promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In addition, Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they can only be digested, absorbed, and transported in conjunction with fats. Fats are also sources of essential fatty acids, an important dietary requirement and also serves as a useful buffer towards a host of diseases. For an example, whole milk, peanut butter, nuts and seeds.

Lastly, vitamins and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain your vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet. However, when dietary sources are limited, taking vitamin supplements is an excellent alternative.

Conclusion, eating a balanced diet and taking a multi vitamin is one way to curb this issue and the physiological consequences that go with it. Some physiological consequences of deficiency include dental problems, inflammation of the mouth and tongue (riboflavin deficiency) diarrhea, dermatitis (niacin deficiency)  edema, weakness (thiamin deficiency); tongue soreness, anemia (biotin deficiency)  fatigue, tingling in hands (pantothenic acid deficiency); poor growth, inflammation of the tongue (folate deficiency) poor nerve function, macrocytic anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) and poor wound healing, bleeding gums (vitamin C deficiency)

ASSIGNMENT 1: PRINCIPLE OF NUTRITION

NAME: NUR DAWANA

ILYIA BT MOHAMED MAHYUDDIN

ID NO:  12211115192 / BCLS

LECT NAME: MDM. MASYITA MAMOT

1) The relationship between nutrient intake and disease malnutrition

2) The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition

   “ YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT”

 Everything you eat becomes a part of not only your inner being, but the outer fabric of your body as well. The healthier the foods are that you consume, the better your skin will look.

1) The relationship between nutrient intake and disease malnutrition

Nutrient intake are found in all foods and drinks. Its provide nourishment for our body. The nourishment is in the form of substance which provide energy building blocks for bone, muscles, organs, hormones and blood, subtances needed for processes to occur in the body like digestion and substance that protect our body. If we lack of nutrient we can lead to diseases.

Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are toomuch such that diet causes health problem. Its refers when the body does not receive enough nutrient for proper function. Malnutrition may range from mild to severe and life threatening.

Extreme undernourishment, known as starvation may have symptoms that include a short height, thin body, very poor energy levels, and swollen legs and abdomen. People also often get infections and are frequently cold. The symptoms of micronutrient deficiencies depend on the micronutrient that is lacking. Common micronutrient deficiencies include a lack of iron, iodine, and vitamin A.

Lack of nutrients also can leads to disease such as Anorexia nervosa, condition an eating disorder characterized by a lowweight, fear of gaining weight, a strong desire to be thin, and food restriction. Many people with anorexia see themselves as overweight even though they are underweight. If asked they usually deny they have a problem with low weight. Often they weigh themselves frequently, eat only small amounts, and only eat certain foods. 

As a conclusion, when we eat healthy, we physically feel good. We mentally have more energy to do the things that matter. When we areboth globally conscious and personally healthy in our eating choices, we arecontributing to the welfare of the planet. Our decision to practice healthy eating habits has so many consequences in so many ways.

2) The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issue

Concentrating on storing foods that have carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals can assist in maintaining healthy bodies and decrease the likelihood of malnutrition in a long-term emergency.

Simply put, carbohydrates provide the body with energy. They also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when their is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost, and the body will generally become weakened.. At a minimum, an intake of 50 to 100 grams of carbohydrates is required to prevent the development of ketones that the brain can use somewhat inefficiently for energy For an example, white rice, pasta, wheat, oats, dehydrated fruits and vegetables, sugars, honey, fruits, roots and cereals

Next, protein is a part of every cell in the human body. Also, equally as important, proteins provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids. Proteins also help regulate the pH, or acid-base balance, in the blood, are necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes, and participate in important cell formation for cells vital for the immune system. In general, it’s recommended that 10–35% of your daily calories come from protein. Example of food that contains protein such as legumes, eggs, nuts, peanut butter, canned meats and fish, oatmeal, grains, wheat, and quinoa.

Next is fats. As much as we would like to eliminate fats from our regular diets, this food source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulating body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature, and promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In addition, Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they can only be digested, absorbed, and transported in conjunction with fats. Fats are also sources of essential fatty acids, an important dietary requirement and also serves as a useful buffer towards a host of diseases. For an example, whole milk, peanut butter, nuts and seeds.

Lastly, vitamins and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain your vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet. However, when dietary sources are limited, taking vitamin supplements is an excellent alternative.

Conclusion, eating a balanced diet and taking a multivitamin is one way to curb this issue and the physiological consequences that go with it. Some physiological consequences of deficiency include dental problems, inflammation of the mouth and tongue (riboflavin deficiency) diarrhea, dermatitis (niacin deficiency)  edema, weakness (thiamin deficiency; tongue soreness, anemia (biotin deficiency)  fatigue, tingling in hands (pantothenic acid deficiency); poor growth, inflammation of the tongue (folate deficiency) poor nerve function, macrocytic anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) and poor wound healing, bleeding gums (vitamin C deficiency).

Name: MUHAMMAD DANIAL
ARIF B. AB. AZIZ 

ID Number:
12211115153

Course: BCLS

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Most nutrient-related diseases are cause by malnutrition
problems whether it is overnutrition or undernutrition. Overnutrition can be
due to excessive amounts of foods that can leading to obesity and also any type
of diseases that cause by obesity such as diabetes, heart attack, and
hypertension. These diseases mostly cause by excessively intake of sugar, fat,
carbohydrates and foods that contain high cholesterols.

Besides that, excessive intake of vitamins and minerals also
can cause diseases. Mostly recorded is excessive calcium. Excess calcium in the
body can lead to formation of ‘stone’ in the body especially in gall bladder and
kidney. Other excessive intake of vitamins or minerals also recorded but it is
rare. Excessive amount of potassium in the body can lead to arrhythmia which
means irregular heart beat which is too slow or too fast and also can lead to
cardiac arrest. 

Furthermore, if the person deficiency in energy, they may
develop the symptoms of malnutrition by becoming extremely thin, losing muscle
tissue, and becoming prone to infection and diseases. With the deficiency of
nutrients, person may experience hair loss, skin rash, depression, bleeding
gums, muscle spasms, and night blindness.

However, malnutrition problem can overcome by simply controlling
appetite, get a good diet and increase physical activities such as exercise.
Nourishing yourself does not depend on the selection only one food but it
depends on selection of many different foods. In selecting foods, diet-planning
principles are playing important role. There are six basic diet-planning
principles which are adequacy which means the diet provide sufficient energy
and enough of all nutrients that needed for the body. For example, if your body
lack of iron you can replace the lost by taking foods that contain iron. The second
principle involving the art of balancing diet by consuming enough but not too
much. This principle is essential if you are obese. Next is by controlling your
Kcalories intake. Try balancing your energy intake from food by selecting foods
with high nutrient density. Besides that if you don’t want overeating try selecting
nutrient dense food that means foods that delivers the most nutrient for least
food energy.

Foods that contain rich in fats and sugars can provide
enjoyment but it contain less nutrients and can promote weight gain that can
contribute to obesity. Try practicing moderation which is try to eat such foods
only on occasion try to take foods with low in fats and sugars. This practice
seem can help to prevent overnutrient. Lastly, selecting foods from each of the
food group from day to day can help to overcome malnutrition. 

From here I can conclude that, people become malnourished
when they get too little or too much nutrients or energy. This can be related
to the cause of diseases that might occur to them. Therefore, a good diet and
good life style can help them to overcome malnutrition problem. We need to
follow all the guidelines or principles given to get a good body health as well
as can prevent us from nutrient-related diseases. 

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

BEHC (SEM 1)

12212115002

Healthy and balanced nutrient is very important for everyone. We can get nutrient from the food that we eat because food is made up of nutrients. Micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals are needed only in small amounts. Macronutrients such as carbohydrates, protein and fat are needed in larger amounts. The body cannot function properly if one or more nutrients are missing. A healthy and balanced diet provides foods in the right amounts and combinations that are safe and free from disease and harmful substances. The earlier a person starts to eat a healthy and balanced diet, the more he or she will stay healthy.

These micronutrients and macronutrients are essential for our bodies to develop,replace and repair cells and tissues. Other than that, it also help our body to produce energy to keep warm, move and work or carry out chemical processes such as the digestion of food. Finally, the most important function of the nutrients is to help our body to protect against, resist and fight infection and recover from sickness.

The nutrient intake also related to malnutrition and formation of diseases. Malnutrition can make a person more susceptible to infection, and infection also contributes to malnutrition, which causes a vicious cycle. An inadequate nutrients intake can leads to lowered immunity, invasion by pathogens, and impaired growth and further damage to defense mechanisms. For an example, proteins are involved in nearly every process within our cells and tissues. Protein makes up immune molecules, blood cells, hormones and enzymes, and it also assists our cells in synthesizing new proteins. Too little protein in our daily diet can affect one or more of these essential functions and cause symptoms ranging from unpleasant to life threatening.

For another example, Vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of diarrhea, malaria, and measles. This is caused by the function of Vitamin A that maintains the integrity of the epithelium in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Other example is zinc that is a trace mineral that is very important and is required for the activities of over 300 enzymes in our body. It is a co factor in the formation of enzymes and nucleic acids and plays a critical role in the structure of cell membranes and in the function of immune cells. Zinc deficiency reduces nonspecific immunity, including neutrophil and natural killer cell function, reduces numbers of T and B lymphocytes, and suppresses and antibody production.

  So, it is very important for us to get the right amount of nutrient in our daily meals in other to overcoming malnutrition issues. Eat the right amounts of every nutrients needed by our body according to the food pyramids. As an example, protein are very important for our body. It provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids. Proteins also help regulate the pH, or acid-base balance, in the blood, are necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzyme. Other than that, it also participate in important cell formation for cells vital for the immune system. In the case of starvation, excessive muscle tissue is wasted and results in diminished health.

The other example is carbohydrate. Carbohydrates provide the body with energy. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when there is insufficient carbohydrate for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost, and the body will generally become weakened. According to the Ministry of Health, the daily calorie intake for adult man is 2000 kcal while for adult woman is 1500 kcal and half of our daily calories should come from carbohydrates. We can determine how many grams of carbohydrates that we need based on our calorie intake. At a minimum, an intake of 50 to 100 grams of carbohydrates is required to prevent the development of ketones that the brain can use somewhat inefficiently for energy.

As a conclusion, by practising healthy diet can prevent the occurrence of many health issue such as chronic or acute diseases and also can overcoming malnutrition in our community nowadays. 

ID NO. : 12211115077

COURSE : BCLS (GROUP 3)

Assignment : YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

1)  Relationship between nutrient intake and diseases/malnutrition.

2)  Role of nutrients in overcoming malnutrition issues.

As human beings, we are obligated to preserve the blessings bestowed by the Creator. Our bodies are part of the gift that we got and we should take a good care of them. Apart of keeping the body fit by exercising, we should aware that our food intake also plays a big part in maintaining the well being of our health. Now it depends on us to decide how we manage our diet whether it is good or not. To make things clear, what we are is actually the result of what we consume daily.  

Nutrient intake is the consumption of foods that are composed of essential substances that provide nourishment towards the maintenance of human’s life. Malnutrition is a condition whereby one is practicing diets that are either undernutrition due to nutrient deficient or overnutrition due to excess intake of nutrition from any particular foods and these may lead to health problems. Nutrient intake and diseases or malnutrition are closely related to each other as our nutrient intake may affect our health because either too little or too much intake of certain nutrients (malnutrition) may cause us to suffer badly in diseases. Therefore, it is vital for us to control our nutrient intake to ensure our survival as normal and healthy human beings.

Nutrients are divided into two, first, macronutrients which are required in large amount such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and water while next is micronutrients which are required in small amount such as minerals and vitamins. These nutrients are very important in sustaining the well being of human life, so, in order to avoid diseases related to nutrient intake disorder, one should practice a diet that practices intake of nutrient at a moderate amount.

For instance, undernutrition which indicates the low intake of carbohydrates causes hypoglycaemia which means low blood sugar level. Next, low intake of protein will cause marasmus and kwashiorkor. Low consumption in vitamins such as Vitamin A may cause failure in the eye function that leads to blindness. Vitamin C with low intake will also cause scurvy. Moreover, low intake of Vitamin B12 will cause anaemia, which is the reduction of haemoglobin amount in the blood. Too little intake of minerals such as iodine causes goitre, which is the swelling of thyroid glands and small intake of calcium causes osteoporosis (reduction of bone strength) that is more risky on women than men.

In case of overnutrition, large intake of carbohydrates may lead to diabetes mellitus due to high intake of sugars or glucose into the body and consequently this will also cause obesity. High intake of protein causes kidney stone formation, eventually if it is not treated instantly, this will cause kidney failure. Next, high fat intake will cause cardiovascular diseases because of the deposition of lipid at the walls of artery, and this causes heart failure as a long term effect. Vitamins have quite a wide range of types, one of them is Vitamin A. High intake of Vitamin A causes skin irritation and accumulation of toxic substances in the body. Vitamin C also leaves such bad effect because of its high intake. It causes diarrhoea and upset stomach. Moreover, excess intake of minerals such as sodium may lead to hypertension because of high level of salt intake. High calcium intake causes formation of stones at the gall bladder and the kidney.

The nutrients related to our daily diet are essential in overcoming and controlling malnutrition issues. By taking these nutrients at a moderate amount, it also helps to regulate our body system and functions so that we could live healthily without any health problems. As macronutrients are nutrients that are highly needed by the body, it plays a dominant role in sustaining the well-being of our lives. For example, carbohydrates generally help in storing and providing energy sufficiently to the body so that we will not feel exhausted or fatigue after carrying out our daily routine or due to less intake of sugars. Secondly, protein helps in body growth.  Throughout the process, it also helps in repairing tissues and increasing the ability of our body to produce enzymes. This helps to regulate our body function so that diseases such as kwashiorkor could be avoided.

Next, lipids also play a dominant role in supplying energy as carbohydrates too. It also ensures normal growth and development for the human body. This helps the body for not to be exposed to the harm of growth problems to us. Moreover, in order to prevent malnutrition issues, adequate intake of vitamins generally help in boosting immune responses so that we are veiled from infectious diseases. Specifically, Vitamin C helps in building healthy immune responses by avoiding allergic problems and aids in wound healing mechanism as well. Vitamin A helps in repairing and strengthening our vision and it is good for our skin. Minerals such as iron help in oxygen transport via hemoglobin in the blood of our body and this reduces the risk of insufficient oxygen transport throughout the system. Lastly, sodium which is the part of minerals as well helps to maintain blood pressure and body fluid.

In short, it is very vital for us to consume these important nutrients because they are not only the means overcoming malnutrition but to help our body to function well. Therefore, we should have a proper diet as our daily consumption so that we can avoid malnutrition that can affect our health state badly.

In conclusion, it is very significant to maintain our food or nutrient intake at a controlled state in order to ensure the well being of our lives. Through that way, we will not get ourselves associated with malnutrition. If we can’t manage to control and monitor our diets properly, harmful diseases may make us suffer at a very long run and we have to encounter the difficulties in order to lead a healthy life. The statement of “YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT” indicates that every single food that we eat proves what and how we will be now and in future. Eat good food to be good or eat bad food to be bad. We are the one who decide. Therefore, let’s live happily and healthily by practicing a balanced diet not only for the sake of our lives, but also for the next generation.

ID NO. : 12212115076

COURSE : BEHC ( GROUP 6)

ASSIGNMENT : YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT.

1. Relationship between nutrient intake and diseases/malnutrition.

  Our intake of essential nutrients is determined by our food choices. Some foods are  naturally high in nutrients and some contain nutrients added during foods. Basically, nutrient intake is define as the average daily nutrient intake level based on observed by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate. Actually, improper intake of nutrients can lead to malnutrition because what we eat has an enormous impact on how much we weigh, how healthy we are now, how likely we are to develop chronic disease and diabetes in the future.

  So consuming either too little or too much of one or more nutrients can cause malnutrition. It may affect our health today and can give impact on our health 20,30 and 40 years from now . Malnutrition can be classified into two groups which is nutrient deficiencies (undernutrition) and excess of nutrients (overnutrition) . Undernutrition is caused by a deficiency of energy or nutrients and by a deficient intake , highly requirements or an inability to absorb or use nutrients. For example is starvation. It is caused by deficiency of energy that causes weight loss, poor growth, inability to reproduce and growth. In addition, deficiencies of individual nutrients can also cause serious health problems, means that it reflects the body functions that rely on the deficient nutrients.  Such as Vitamin A is important for vision but if we lack of this Vitamin A , we can got blindness. Same goes to Vitamin B, if we lack of this vitamin, commonly in older adults, we can have the changes in mental status. Some nutrient deficiencies cause symptoms quickly. For example,  if the athletes exercise in hot weather and they sweating a lot until they’ve got freaking exhausted , they will become dehydrated due to the deficiency of water. So, to overcome this, they need to drink water as it relieves headache, fatigue and dizziness caused by dehydration almost as rapidly as these symptoms appeared. The other nutritional deficiencies may take weeks, months and even years to become apparent, such as the symptoms of Vitamin C deficiency disease cause scurvy but it does not occur until the diet has been deficient in Vitamin C for weeks or months. Besides, if there is too little calcium in teenage years, it will  causes no immediate symptoms but in fact, it can cause bones to be weak and break too easily when people reach their 50’s and 60’s (osteoporosis). 

  So, another malnutrition is overnutrition which means excess of nutrients. When excesses of specific nutrients are consumed, toxic reaction may occur, such as when we have a single excessive dose of iron, it will cause liver failure and too much Vitamin B6 over a few weeks or months can cause nerve damage. Most nutrients toxicities are due to excessive intakes of vitamin and mineral supplements. This kind of overnutrition that are most common today do not have immediate toxic effects but contribute to the development of chronic diseases in long term. For examples , if we take diets high in salt, it will cause high blood pressure while if we take diets with high in saturated fat and cholesterol, tendency is to get heart disease increase. Same goes if we take diets  high in sugar and other refined carbohydrates, it will cause the increase risk of getting diabetes. Plus, high in red meats and saturated fats but low in fruits and vegetables and fiber can cause colon cancer. 

2.  The role nutrients to overcome malnutrition.

  To overcome malnutrition, we have 4 types of food that maybe can help you with this kind of problems. The first food or we called the first nutrient that may help you with this malnutrition is carbohydrates. Carbohydrates provide body with energy. It have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. Brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when there is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as the result, body protein will also be lost. So, as recommended, at minimum, an intake of 50-100 g of carbohydrates is required to prevent the development of ketones that the brain can use somewhat inefficiently for energy. 

   For the second nutrient role used to overcome malnutrition is protein. It is a part of every cell in the human body  and it provides body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrate or lipids. Protein also helps to regulate the pH or acid-base balance in the blood and it is almost necessary for synthesis of many hormones and enzymes. Furthermore, it is important for cell formation for the immune system. As recommended that 10-35% of your daily calories must come from protein. 

  The third nutrient would be fats. Fats is used for maintaining healthy skin &hair, insulating body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature and promoting healthy cell function. It commonly served as energy stores for body. In addition, Vitamin A, D, E and K are fat-soluble means they can only be digested, absorbed and transported in conjunction with fats. It is also the sources of essential fatty acids which is important dietary requirements and it is serve as a useful buffer towards a host of diseases. So, a good suggestion is 30-35% of your daily calorie intake must be included with fats. 

  And regarding to the last nutrient we need  to overcome malnutrition are vitamins and minerals.  They are necessary to perform multi- functions in the body. Mostly, they are  needed for overall health and provide protection against infection or diseases, besides helping the body to grow well  and help the body’s metabolism . It also assist in the removal of waste products. So, as recommended , you need to obtain your vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet. However,  when dietary sources are limited, taking vitamin supplements is an excellent activities.

  In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how to properly store it for long term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent a short and long term affects of malnourishment.

Do you know what is the mean of nutrient? A nutrient is anything that nourishes a living being. We humans get our nutrients from what we eat and plants get theirs from the soil.  Nutrients are components in foods that an organism uses to survive and grow.

Then what is the mean of malnutrition? Malnutrition is the condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function. Malnutrition occurs in people who are either undernourished or over nourished.

As we know, malnutrition is divided to two which are under nutrition and over nutrition. First and foremost, under nutrition is a consequence of consuming too few essential nutrients or using or excreting them more rapidly than they can be replaced. For examples, Infants, young children, and teenagers need

additional nutrients. So do women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Nutrient loss can be accelerated by diarrhea, excessive sweating, heavy Bleeding  (hemorrhage), or kidney failure. Nutrient intake can be restricted by age-related illnesses and conditions, excessivedieting, food allergies, severe injury, serious illness, a lengthy hospitalization, or substance abuse. Breastfeeding a baby for at least six months is considered the best way to prevent early-childhood malnutrition. The United States Department of Agriculture and Health and Human Service recommend that all Americans over the age of two which are consume plenty of fruits, grains, and vegetables. Then, eat a variety of foods that are lowin fats and cholesterols and contain only moderate amounts of salt, sugars, and sodium. Next is engage in moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes, at least several times a week and last but not least is achieve or maintain their ideal weight.

The leading cause of death in children in developing countries is protein-energy malnutrition. This type of malnutrition is the result of inadequate intake of calories from proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Children who are already undernourished can suffer from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) when rapid growth, infection, or disease increases the need for protein and essential minerals. These essential minerals are known as micronutrients or trace elements. Two types of protein-energy malnutrition have been described which are kwashiorkor and marasmus. Kwashiorkor occurs with fair or adequate calorie intake but inadequate protein intake, while marasmus occurs when the diet is inadequate in both calories and protein.

In the United States, nutritional deficiencies have generally been replaced by dietary imbalances or excesses associated with many of the leading causes of death and disability. Over nutrition results from eating too much, eating too many of the wrong things, not exercising enough, or taking too many vitamins or other dietary replacements. In general, the symptoms of malnutrition are physical weakness, lassitude, and an increasing sense of detachment from the world. There are also specific symptoms that vary according to the essential substance lacking in the diet. For example, to avoid the blind night or poor vision in a dim light, just increased the Vitamin A in our body. Then, to avoid rickets we must gain the Vitamin D. Next a lot of vitamin C can avoid from the scurvy and symptoms of bleeding gums.

In conclusion, we should know how tomanage the balanced diet in our life for our own healthy.

"You Are What You Eat"

Foods are what human consume daily. Foods contain combination of nutrients and the nutrients must be balanced in human body to remain healthy. Healthy body can be achieved by having proper meal everyday. How? By practice balanced diet in daily life. Proper/balanced diet thought human to eat at appropriate time such as breakfast, lunch and dinner with proper proportion of nutrients per each meal. The proper diet gives information in what type of food that provides enough nutrients for the body. 

Balanced diet involved a pyramid, which is used to guide the types and proportion of foods that we should eat daily in order to have a health body. The pyramid contains five core food groups and they are generally applicable to all age groups from 1–70 years old. The bottom layer of the pyramid, which also means the biggest foods to consume, is vegetables and fruits. The second layer is the grains and continues with dairy and poultry products on the third layer. As the smallest column, on the top is healthy fat such as fats from plant sources.

Lack of nutrients and excessive of nutrients both can harm the human body. Undernutrition and overnutrition also known as malnutrition can cause chronic (long term) disease and acute disease. Different ages need to consume different portion of food such as adolescence need to ensure the body consume enough calcium before they reach age 23 as the calcium will be slowly decrease by then. As for the elderly, there’s a tendency for them to get a disease if their meal is not taken carefully as the process of their immune system will be slower.

  Overnutrition is an excessive of nutrition in the body and this can cause many diseases such as obesity, gout, diabetes and many more. Every disease usually is caused by certain type of nutrition, such as gout is caused by the accumulation of urate crystal in the joint. Urate crystal is form due to high level of uric acid in the blood. Other than that, hypernatremia disease is caused by sodium and decrease in total body water. This disease is a water body problem caused by impaired thirst and/or restricted access of water and result in shrinkage of the neuron cell and thus cause brain injury.

  However, the undernutrition is lack of nutrition in the body and can caused several types of disease. Most common disease is diarrhea, low body weight, osteoporosis and many more. These diseases require enough nutrients other than exercise and medications. Example, osteoporosis is a disease that lack in calcium. It’s also due to lack of Vitamin D and exercise and to prevent this disease is only through medication and lifestyle treatment which involved balanced diet and exercises.

  As for the conclusion, now we can see how closely related are the nutrients and disease/malnutrition. With a proper intake of nutrients, human will have a healthy life. Besides that, it is proven that with right amount of nutrients intake in our body, we can overcome malnutrition issues and therefore we can live happily and healthily.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

As we know nutrients means components in food that an organism use to survive and grow. Nutrients are divided into two types which are macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients  provide the bulk energy an organism's metabolic system needs to function while micronutrients provide the necessary cofactors for metabolism to be carried out. Both types of nutrients can be acquired from the environment. Micronutrients are used to build and repair tissues and to regulate body processes while macronutrients are converted and used for energy.

Our body requires seven major type of nutrients which are carbohydrates, vitamin, proteins, fat, fibre, water and minerals. All of the elements are important to our body. As we know, we have to take healthy diet to keep our body as speed as a fiddle. Children also at this phase, need enough nutrients for their body development. If the children didn’t get enough nutrients at these phase, their growth will be affected.

For an example, calcium is important for maintaining strong bones and controlling muscle also nerve function. So if we lack of calcium it will cause OSTEOPOROSIS. Osteoporosis is a disease where the bones become weak and brittle. Osteoporosis-related fractures are most commonly occur in the hip, wrist or spine.  Iron? Iron is necessary for the transport of oxygen. If we lack of iron it will cause ANEMIA, due to the fact that lack of iron can cause the blood to have lower number of red blood cells or quantity. When someone is having anemia they may have the symptoms such as tired,fatigue easily, appear pale, develop palpitations and become short of breath.

Malnutrition issues are one of the issues that the people nowadays often to oversee, yet the consequences of the lack or excessive nutrients in the body could be fatal. For example, obesity. Obesity is the disease where the people took excessive amounts of  carbohydrates and fat into the body. This condition could lead to more risky diseases such as heart attack, colon cancer, high blood pressure and diabetes. In order to overcome this problem, the solution is to have healthy lifestyle, also healthy diet. Controlling the intake of carbohydrates and fat into the body is a way to overcome this disease which has affected more than 80% Malaysians.

Name : Mohamad Asyraf Bin Mahamud

ID : 122 1111 5107

Course : BEHC

ID.NO.: 12211115031

ID. NO. : 12211115031

NURUL AINA BINTI ZAINORDIN

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1. The relationship between nutrient intake and diseases or malnutrition.

The human diet is divided into five nutritional groups which is proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. These five groups include about 50 nutritional items that are necessary for good health and growth. Each of these items plays a vital role in the functioning of the human body. The amount of nutrients needed for good health varies from individual to individual. Age, gender, and overall health condition affect how much of these nutrients a person needs for good health.Whenever a person does not get enough of an essential nutrient, they are at risk for a dietary deficiency disease. Most dietary deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of protein, vitamins, or minerals.

Proteins are the essential components of all organs and chemical activities. Proteins make up body tissues such as muscle, connective tissue, and skin. Missing of protein from the diet cause the body cannot function properly. In this category of malnutrition are the disease kwashiorkor and marasmus. These diseases affect mainly children. Adults rarely suffer from protein dificiency diseases unless there is a problem in the intestines that prevents absorbtion of amino acids. Kwashiorkor is a disease caused specifically bylack of protein in the diet while marasmus is a wasting body tissue from lack of both calories and protein in the diet. A child with marasmus is cranky and irritable, and skinny rather than swollen edema.

  Vitamin A deficiency also can cause a disease called xerophthalmia.The symptoms of this disease are eye dryness and thickening of the surface of parts of the eye. If left untreated, xerophthalmia may lead to blindness.Vitamin A can be obtained directly from foods such as milk, eggs, and liver, as well as from carotene, a chemical that is found in green and yellow fruits and vegetables such as apricots, cantaloupe, oranges, peaches, collards, broccoli, turnip greens, kale, carrots, sweet potatoes, and squash. Carotene is converted to vitamin A in the body. Beriberi is a disease that affects the heart, digestive system, and nervous system. It results from a lack of vitamin B1(Thiamin) in the diet. Thiamin is used to help the body make energy. Food sources for this vitamin are meats, wheat germ, whole grain and enriched bread, legumes, nuts, peanuts, and peanut butter. The early stages of beriberi are characterized by fatigue, loss of appetite, and a numb, tingling feeling in the legs.

Vitamin C affects blood vessels, skin, gums, connective tissue, red blood cells, wound healing, and the absorption of iron. A deficiency of vitamin C leads to scurvy. The main symptom of scurvy is hemorrhaging, or bleeding under the skin, which results in the appearance of many bruises. A person with scurvy also may have swollen and infected gums. Wounds heal slowly, and bleeding in or around vital organs can be fatal.

2) The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues.

 Healthy living not only makes you feel good, but it can keep you from experiencing many diseases and health conditions. Obtaining adequate nutrition is an essential part of living a healthy life. Poor nutrition can result from failure to eat enough or failure to choose the right kinds of foods. The United States Department of Agriculture food pyramid provides recommendations on amounts to consume from each food group to attain proper nutrition. Failing to choose a balanced diet full of nutritious foods increases your risk of developing many preventable diseases. Malnutrition occurs when a person doesn’t have enough food or doesn’t eat enough healthy foods. But, if we take the nutrient in a correct way, it can help to overcome the malnutrition issues. There are four food types to avoid malnutrition. The first and foremost is carbohydrate. Simply put, carbohydrates provide the body with energy. They also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when their is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost, and the body will generally become weakened. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, half your daily calories should come from carbohydrates, so you can determine how many grams of carbohydrates you need based on your calorie intake. At a minimum, an intake of 50 to 100 grams (1.8 to 3.5 oz.) of carbohydrates is required to prevent the development of ketones that the brain can use somewhat inefficiently for energy.

The second type of nutrient is protein. Protein is a part of every cell in the human body. Also, equally as important, proteins provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids. Proteins also help regulate the pH, or acid-base balance, in the blood, are necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes, and participate in important cell formation for cells vital for the immune system. In the case of starvation, excessive muscle tissue is wasted and results in diminished health. Protein, like carbohydrates, provides approximately 4 kilo calories per gram of protein consumed, but requires much more metabolizing and processing by the liver and kidneys to put the energy from protein to use. In general, it’s recommended that 10–35% of your daily calories come from protein.

Other than that is fat. As much as we would like to eliminate fats from our regular diets, this food source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulating body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature, and promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In addition, Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they can only be digested, absorbed, and transported in conjunction with fats. Fats are also sources of essential fatty acids, an important dietary requirement and also serves as a useful buffer towards a host of diseases. Nutritionist suggests that about 30-35% of your daily calorie intake should come from fat.

Lastly, are vitamins and minerals.Did you know that a staggering thirteen vitamins are considered necessary to perform crucial functions in the body? Vitamins and mineral are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain your vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet. However, when dietary sources are limited, taking vitamin supplements is an excellent alternative. Amounts vary for children, seniors, lactating or pregnant women, smokers, heavy alcohol drinkers, stressed, those with chronic diseases or those who consume less than 2,000 calories per day.

In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how to properly store it for long-term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourishment discussed here.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

  What you eat has such a huge effect on your health and so does diet. If a diet riches in any one aspect or lacking in a certain nutrient it would both lead to malnutrition. Nowadays, ones must lead a balance diet by taking the right amount of nutrients.

  Malnutrition is a condition resulting from an energy or nutrient intake either above or below that which is optimal. Imbalanced nutrients can weaken the person's immune system and body, leads to more susceptible to illness. There are two types of malnutrition which are undernutrition and overnutrition. 

  Undernutrition happens when the nutrients intake does not meet the body's need. Body tissues are broken down to provide the energy to support vital function resulting in loss of body fat and wasting of muscles. For example, if you lack of iron it could cause anemia, lack of vitamin A could cause blindness and lack of iodine could cause thyroid gland.

   Overnutrition happens when excess intake of nutrients or calories. For example, in United States, 68% adults are overweight or obesity. Obesity is a form of energy intake surpasses energy expenditure over a long, causing the accumulation of an excessive amount of body fat. 

  In order to prevent malnutrition, you must practice a well-balanced diet. You should choose meals that you enjoy and easy to prepare that are high in calories too. A balanced diet also balances the calories you take in your daily activities so that you can prevent malnutrition and your body weight stay in the healthy range. In a nutshell, a well-balanced diet is based on variety, balance and moderation of the food you eat.

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You are what you eat.  As we all know that our health can be determined by what we eat in our daily life. Either we eat a healthy food or an unhealthy food , it is depend on your behaviour toward the intake of food. If you eat unhealthy food , you will face a lot of disease in your life. Malnutrition is a lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat . Malnutrition also means “poor nutrition” which can refer to undernutrition and overnutrition.

Nutrient intake and malnutrition are closely linked to each other. The intake of food which has high nutrient intake in carbohydrate and fibre could lead to become a healthy person. Despite , improper intake of food such as butter , cheese which contain saturated fat could lead to many disease such as cardiovascular disease. Malnutrition commonly caused by lack of nutrients  in our diet. This is due to an inadequate diets or problems absorbing nutrients from food. For example , pregnant women and nursing mother need to pay special attention to the nutrients in their diet because they have to eat for two. Since their iron needs are higher , pregnant women are particularly at risk for a deficiency of iron, which helps carry, store and use oxygen in your bloodstream , and supports a variety of enzymatic reactions. As well as causing symptoms of anaemia in the mother , iron deficiency can increase the risk for a premature birth. Even after birth, low iron levels in a nursing mother can impair the normal motor functions and mental development of the baby. So, pregnant mother should eat food that contain high level of iron which can be found in meats , spinach and oysters.

In my opinion , the main role in overcoming malnutrition issues are dietary improvement , including increased production and consumption of micronutrient-rich foods that contain vitamins and minerals. Milk, yogurt and spinach contain micronutrients which is calcium that will keep your bones and teeth strong , thereby supporting skeletal structure and function. Vitamin C also is necessary for our body to prevent haemorrhaging and bleeding which can be obtained from oranges and bananas. If micronutrients  are well absorbed by the body , So that your body will get enough nutrients to keep body remain healthy.

a) The relationship between nutrient intake and disease/malnutrition.

b) The roles of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues.

Chemical substances in foods that provide energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process is the definition of what we call as nutrients. Nutrients itself playing very important role to keep and also maintain our body in healthy condition. Malnutrition can be divided into two condition which are undernutrition and overnutrition. The deficiency of nutrients such as lack of vitamin A can lead to xerophthalmia a disease begin with dry eyes and night blindness then causes to total blindness. Lack of iron can cause to anemia while lack of vitamin C can cause to scurry where the gums become spongy. These are the examples of undernutrion or deficiency of nutrients can cause to. Meanwhile, excessive intake of fats and carbohydrates will cause overnutrition disease called obesity. Food intake must have a balanced nutrients intake to help our body stay healthy and to avoid serious diseases.

"An apple a day keeps the doctor away" is the idioms we often meet when it comes to any related diseases. Same goes to malnutrition problems where it can be solved by having regular diet and consuming variant of nutrients in adequate amount. There are 5 basics of nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins and minerals to be take for not being malnutrition. Tomatoes consist of carotenoid which helps in slower or reduce the growth of cancers and helps in immune system also. In addition, Vitamin C is an essential healthy immune responses, wound healing and development of connective tissues. Calcium is needed for growing and building new bone and also help in maintaining bone strength.

In a nutshell, nutrient intake is must to keep our body healthy and our body system functioning well. Follow the right way to take nutrients in adequate amount and avoid taking too much nutrients.

Program : BCLS

Student Id : 12211115001

subject : Principle of human nutrition

Assignment 1: You are what you eat

You are what you eat

What is nutrition? The word nutrition was originally took from the Latin word nutrire which mean “to nourish”. A good nutrition provide a mechanism to promote health and prevent disease. Our bodies can derive all the energy, structural materials and regulating agents that we need to support growth from the food we eat. But, our body cannot synthesize the essential nutrient on its own. Therefore we must obtain these nutrients from the food in our daily diet because without an adequate nutrition, the human body will not function optimally. If this situation is prolong the person will have a severe nutritional inadequacy that can lead to disease / malnutrition and death.

Malnutrition is a condition in which the body does not receive enough nutrients for proper function and can be divided into two that is, undernutrition and overnutrition. Undernutrition is occur when the body receive inadequate nutrition for example type – 2 diabetes mellitus. A low protein diet during pregnancy (maternal) and lactating (postnatal) will increased oxidative stress and fibrosis and also decreasing HNF4a expression with increased DNA methylation in P2 promoters that defect mitochondriogenesis and caused mitochondrian dysfunction and increased cell differentiation instead of proliferation in beta cell ( insulin- producing cell),  cause beta cell dysfunction. In the other hand, a high protein diet during pregnancy and lactating may cause increased resistein and IL-6 mRNA levels in brown fat tissue in 35 day- old offspring and resulting a insulin resistance.

Overnutrition is state  which one or more components of healthy diet are consumed to excess ( over – eating ) of nutrient (eg: vitamin, mineral, carbohydrates). Having a healthy diet  lifestyle and over consuming unnecessary dietry supplements such as vitamin K, glutathione for beauty  result in an overall dangerous excess of one or more nutrients. This can be a particular risk when taking several differents types of supplements without studying the labels carefully to ensure that the combination is appropriates for the person. Over eating carbohydrates and protein cause obesity and may lead to other disease.

In conclusion, eating too much certain food makes us overnutrition and undernutrition of other nutrient (food)  that we need and its also linked to chronic disease, so we need to eat healthily according to the food pyramid.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

why is this happened? And how food does influence the health of individuals?

Malnutrition is a serious condition that occurs when a person’s diet does not contain the right amount of nutrients. This can be referred to undernutrition; when you do not get enough nutrients and overnutrition; when you get more nutrients than you need. As for the definition of nutrients, it basically consists of fats, protein, carbohydrates, minerals, fibres and vitamins which can be found in food. Each nutrients have their own roles in providing energy, building blocks for bone, muscles, hormone, blood and organs. Nutrients are also important to ensure the efficiency of body system such as digestion, and also to protect our body.

How do we know the right portion of nutrients needed daily in our body? The answer is provided based on the food  pyramid. In everyday life, we need to take mostly on the carbohydrates with 6-11 servings, next is the fruits and vegetables from 3-5 servings, proteins and dairy products 2-3 servings and fats is the nutrient that should be taken with caution. Mostly people with overnutrition have taken the fats more than we should consume everyday. Fats is actually essential in supplying heat to our body, keeping our body temperature in an optimum level, especially in a cold weather. But if the individuals consume fats more than the daily limits, this will leads to obesity, artherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, diabetes and excess visceral fat in their body.

As for those people who are undernutrition, the presents of nutrients in foods help them live healthily, gaining back the sufficient nutrients needed. The carbohydrates provides them with energy which will make them stronger, the proteins will make the muscles in a good condition, helping the muscles to grow healthily. Whereas the fruit and vegetables supplies fibres, vitamins and minerals to their body; preventing them from constipation, improving their health of skins and visions. Every colour of vegetables has their own roles especially the green leaves, which mainly contributes as anti-cancer in our body.

So hereby for the conclusion, I would like to state my opinion that I agreed with the title “You Are What You Eat”. In the end, it depends on individuals to always consume the nutrients daily based on the recommended food pyramid. The pyramid provides the exact nutrient needed for our body. Consume each nutrient with its suitable amount.  Not more, and not less. Along with healthy eating, we should also practice healthy lifestyle, exercise daily and consistently. Not to forget, we should consume water minimum of 8 glasses per day. Love our health, our body, and our life.

As we know, all the food we eat have their own nutrient either little or too much. Nutrient is chemical substances in foods that provides energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process.

Based on the questions that the relationship between nutrient intake and disease is ‘if you take healthy food you will be healthy, but if you take the unhealthy food in your lifestyle you will be unhealthy’. Six basic nutrients required for good health is carbohydrates, fat, protein, vitamin and minerals. Each basic nutrients have advantages and disadvantages if take too much or too little in our lifestyle.

Carbohydrate is critical to sufficient energy intake and overall health. It can be grouped into two categories, simple and complex.  Simple carbohydrates are sugars whereas complex carbohydrates consist of starch and dietary fibre. Simple carbohydrates made of just one or two sugar molecules. They are the quickest source of energy, as they are very rapidly digested. Chemically, they can be divided into simple sugars, such as fructose found in fruits, and starches, found in grain-based foods and starchy vegetables such as legumes.

Consuming too many carbohydrates, can increase your risk of several disorders, including Type 2 diabetes, because blood sugar increases make the pancreas not function to produce insulin. Uncontrolled high blood sugar can lead to ketoacidosis a life threatening condition that causes shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting and even coma.

A diet containing too many carbohydrates can raise your blood level of triglycerides, a type of unhealthy fat that travels in your blood. High triglyceride levels can significantly raise your risk of heart disease. A high-carbohydrate diet can effects on your blood vessels. High-carbohydrate meal, especially one containing foods with high glycemic loads, their arteries became rapidly enlarged. This effect could damage artery walls and lead to atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders.

Sugar, a type of unhealthy carbohydrate, has addictive properties similar as sugar addiction. A sugar addiction can lead to nutrient deficiencies, overweight and obesity.

Protein from food is broken down into amino acids by the digestive system. These amino acids are then used for building and repairing muscles, red blood cells, hair and other tissues, and for making hormones.  Main sources of protein are animal products like meat, fish, poultry, milk, cheese and eggs and vegetable sources like legumes (beans, lentils, dried peas, nuts) and seeds. However, consuming too much protein can cause health problems, including high cholesterol, gout and kidney disease.

Take the high protein in your daily routine can help your loss weight but in a short term effect of high protein consumption, as your body can only use about 8 grams of protein per pound of body weight. If you continue to consume excessive amounts of protein each day, your body will store what it cannot use as fat, putting you at risk for a multitude of health problems. Weight training, which adds muscle mass to your body and increases your need for protein, may minimize the accumulation of body fat from high protein intake, but you should still avoid taking in more than your body can use.

Second disease a related with take the protein too much is kidney disease. A high-protein diet may increase calcium and oxalate excretion, which promotes the growth of kidney stones. It also may inhibit your body's production of substances in urine that prevent kidney stones from forming.

For the more, the third disease a related with the high protein is gout. Intakes too much of meat and fish with higher rates of gout, a type of arthritic joint inflammation caused by a built  up of uric acid in the blood.

Believe it or not, a healthy body needs fats. Getting the right kind and amount of dietary fat, however, can be tricky. If you eat too much of the wrong kind of fat, you increase your risk for health problems. Function of fats same like carbohydrates and proteins, fats are nutrients that supply energy to your body. This not only supports physical activity but also keeps your body's internal processes working at their optimal level. Fat is an important part of cell membranes and influences how your body's muscles respond to insulin.

Gallstones are made up of hardened cholesterol. Diets high in fat, cholesterol, and low in fiber lead to incidences of more gallstones. More fiber leads to fewer gallstones. It is believed that the fiber binds the cholesterol in the colon and helps it to exit out of the system.

Besides that, intake much fat can make the skin problem like acne, blackheads, and white heads are other examples of fatty degeneration. Sticky, thick, saturated fats and trans-fatty acids clog the narrow pores and cause infection and pimples. It would seem as if pores are designed for only the fluid like quality of the essential fatty acids.

Next, vitamins help to regulate chemical reactions in the body.  There are 13 vitamins, including vitamins A, B complex, C, D, E, and K.  Because most vitamins cannot be made in the body, we must obtain them through the diet.  Many people say that they feel more energetic after consuming vitamins, but vitamins are not a source of energy (calories).  Vitamins are best consumed through a varied diet rather than as a supplement because there is little chance of taking too high a dose.

Too much vitamin C or zinc could cause nausea, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. Too much selenium could lead to hair loss, gastrointestinal upset, fatigue, and mild nerve damage.

Vitamin A one of the most potentially toxic vitamins is vitamin A. As a fat-soluble vitamin, excess vitamin A dissolves in your fatty tissue and accumulates over time, which can pose a serious risk to your health. Vitamin D also harms your health like vitamin A, it dissolves in fat and accumulates in your system. Because vitamin D plays an important role in helping your body use calcium properly, high levels of vitamin D can negatively affect your calcium levels. Too much vitamin D increases the amount of calcium in your blood, which can lead to calcium deposits in tissues throughout your body. It also removes calcium from your bones, causing bone damage

Vitamin E, fat-soluble vitamin E can also threaten your health if you take too much. Normally, vitamin E plays a beneficial role in cardiovascular health by helping to regulate blood clot formation. However, too much vitamin E can excessively thin your blood, increasing the risk of internal bleeding.

B-Complex and Vitamin C is family of vitamins dissolve in water, and your system can flush excess vitamin each day. However, some of these vitamins still cause side effects if you consume too much. Large doses of vitamin B-3 supplements can damage your liver and lead to a burning sensation in your skin, while too much vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage over time. Excess amounts of vitamin B-9 don't cause symptoms directly, but they can hide the early signs of a vitamin B-12 deficiency, preventing a proper diagnosis, and put you at risk of nerve damage caused by low B-12 levels. Too much vitamin C can cause digestive upset, and might increase the risk of kidney stones in some individuals.

The nutrient intake too much or too little one or more nutrients recognized as ‘malnutrition’. Malnutrition is the condition that develops when the body does not get the right amount of the vitamins, mineral and other nutrients it need to maintain healthy tissues and organ function. As we know, each nutrient intake affect our current and future healthy. In my opinion, for more support this discussion about disease that related with malnutrition issues is making a good choices for our lifestyle and become healthy a long-term and well-being. For example always take the nutrient based on the pyramid food and consume a total number of calories consistent with your age and lifestyle. Furthermore, we need to do exercise at least 2 or 3 times a week.

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We are what we eat. We must eat to live. But there may be times when our enjoyment of food is more important to us so that we do not realize about the amount of nutrients we take. Factors such as age, sex, lifestyle, family, economic, and environment affect our daily food choices. Flavour and texture are important things that influence our food choice. There is various type of food out there that we attracted more. Food is a mixture of chemical, some of which are essential for normal body function. There are six classes of nutrients in food which are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water. On this paper, we will discuss about the relationship between nutrient intake and diseases or malnutrition and the role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues. Malnutrition occurs when the diet contain an incorrect amount of one or more nutrients.

Based on our study, protein energy malnutrition is a general term used to describe the spectrum of illness caused by an inadequate diet deficient in protein, and often in energy too. There are two extreme forms which is kwashiorkor due to a dietary deficiency of protein and marasmus due to dietary deficiencies of both protein and energy. We also need vitamins in our diet for specific biochemical functions in our body. Deficiency of vitamin A will lead to difficulty seeing in dim light and rough or dry skin. Intakes of excess vitamin A lead to increased headaches, skin irritation, pain in joints and bones, coma, an even death. In children a vitamin D deficiency can result in rickets, deformed bones, retarded growth, and soft teeth. In adults a vitamin D deficiency can result in softened bones, spontaneous fractures, and tooth decay. Excessive vitamin D in the body will build up of calcium in our blood, which can cause appetite and kidney problems also may occur. Deficiency of vitamin E can causes problems such as poor transmission of nerve impulses, muscle weakness, and degeneration of the retina that can cause blindness. High intakes of vitamin E have been associated with the prevention of ischaemic heart disease and cancer. Deficiency of vitamin K will lead to tendency to bleed or hemorrhage and anemia. Nowadays, many people take supplements such as vitamin C for their interested. Large doses are excreted via the kidneys. Very high intake of vitamin C will lead to diarrhoea and increased risk of oxalate stones in the kidney. Also because the body adapts to this high intake, it may result in scurvy developing. Many people avoid carbohydrates due to concerns about weight gain. It was an energy source and necessary for us to think and remain active. Lack of carbohydrates can cause low blood sugar and ketosis. Lipoproteins are complex particles composed of multiple proteins which transport all fat molecules around the body within the water outside cells. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) also known as “good cholesterol” protects the heart. This form of cholesterol transport harmful cholesterol out of the arteries. However, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) also known as “bad cholesterol” will creates an obstruction in the arteries and leads to reduced blood flow, which can cause serious health complications. Drinking water helps maintain the balance of body fluids where it functions in transportation of nutrients in our body. Keeping the body fully hydrated is essential for heart health. When the body is dehydrated, the blood becomes thicker causing resistance to blood flow, resulting in increased blood pressure. Dehydration can also lead to a rise in blood cholesterol which can increase the risk of coronary heart disease.  

Nutrition refers to the nurturing of our body, in our ability to keep it healthy and functioning as it is supposed to do. Our ability to provide the body with all the necessary food, vitamins, and minerals so that we continue to thrive in our daily life processes.

In conclusion, nutrients are important in the diet. Poor dietary intake will cause high incidence of malnutrition. Diet can cause disease when it contains too little or too much of a specific nutrient, if it contains dietary toxins, or when the food eaten is poisonous or contaminated.

Mohamad Amri Abqarei bin Mohamad Dasuki  -12211115102-  (BEHC)   

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

There’s a saying, eat anything you want, as possible. Well, though, it is not a good normal healthy lifestyle. Undeniably, no wonder that nowadays there’s a sharp increase on the amount of the people who suffer obesity. Many people thought that it is just a normal and an inevitable case. Somehow, they didn’t get the awareness on how important a healthy nutrition to someone. An excess eating, stress eating and dining choose could not help to lead someone to have a perfect healthy nutrition.

Malnutrition is caused by eating a diet in which nutrients are not enough or are too much such that it causes health problems. It is a category of diseases that includes under nutrition and over nutrition. Over nutrition means the intake of nutrients is oversupplied while under nutrition is nutrient deficiency. Malnutrition is causes by inadequate or unbalanced diet and lack of single vitamin in the diet.

Efforts to improve nutrition are some of the most effective forms of development aid. Breastfeeding can reduce rates of malnutrition and death in children. Treating malnutrition, mostly through fortifying foods with micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), improves lives at a lower cost and shorter time than other forms of aid. Micronutrient supplements is ranked as number one.

Basically, many people didn’t know the true meaning of nutrition. Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances infood in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. These are, indeed, the important elements that could affect our health, in terms of body weight, illness and blood pressure respectively. This nutrition also includes food intake, absorption and excretion. Let me repeat the word again, FOOD INTAKE. Something that many people not concern about. They tend to not follow the food pyramid in their food intake. And commonly they choose to take meals that contain more fats and sugar. Why? That’s a simple question with simple answer. Because that’s the most delicious meal, obviously. Well then, it is important for me to define and clarify about fats and its effect.

Firstly, too much fat in your nutrition, can raise your cholesterol level. And what that means? It can increase the risk of getting heart disease. As the matter of fact, there are two types of fats, and that are saturated and unsaturated fat. And it is saturated fat that can raise the cholesterol level. Therefore, cutting down on saturated fat is the one of aspect that can reduce the risk of getting heart disease. These doesn’t seem like a very big issue, but trust me, when it comes to heart health, you are better off focusing on your overall diet than on individual nutrients such as fat or sugar. A balanced and nutritious diet is considered one of the best ways to reduce your risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

Last but not least, a perfect and healthy nutrition can be practiced if calories in the body are being cut down. Too much calories in our body can put our health in danger, with the numerous diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and stroke await. Typically, people tend to take foods or snakes with lots of calories. More dangerously, they didn’t even know how much the calories in the food that they eat so often. Take curry puff as a simple example. One curry puff contain 80 calories, respectively. And imagine when someone take 3 curry puffs in one meal. More worse, imagine when someone take a fried meal, with an excess oil. Consuming more calories than we need leads to weight gain and carrying excess weight, thus puts us at greater risk of a whole range of getting serious health problems. Furthermore, it’s not just food we need to cut down on, some drinks can also be high in calories, with the likes of cokes, mocha, fruit drink and sweet tea. As the matter of fact, a regular cup of 20 oz. regular coke contain 280 calories. Therefore, an important part of a healthy diet is eating the right amount of calories, so that you balance the energy you put into your body with the energy you use. As a guide, men need around 2,500kcal (10,500kJ) a day to maintain a healthy body weight, and women need around 2,000kcal a day (8,400kJ), basically. It is not too easy to do it, but at least try to meet the prescribed number of calories.

As a conclusion, healthy and balanced nutrition is important to everyone. Our bodies need food, as food is essential to our bodies to –

-develop, replace and repair cells and tissues;

-produce energy to keep warm, move and work;

-carry out chemical processes such as the digestion of food;

-protect against, resist and fight infection and recover from sickness

Therefore, it is important to take nutrition as a serious thing. Anything that we eat, it can come back to us, whether it is a good health, or a bad and hazardous disease. Make sure your food intake is normal, and obey the food pyramid is the best thing that we can do for the good sake of our health.

NAME : NOR FADZILAH BINTI MOHAMED

STUDENT ID : 12211115187

GROUP : 2

COURSE : BACHELOR OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

SUBJECT : PRINCIPLE OF HUMAN NUTRITION (HCB 11403)

  You are what you eat. We have all heard it, but most of us probably do not believe it. In fact that, our whole body are made from nutrient that we extract from the food without resembling those foods. The nutritional content of what we eat determines the composition of our cell membranes, blood and hormones. Consider that there are cell in our body that died or matured everyday and must replace them. Our body was actually manufactured out of the food that we consumed.

  The situation that happened when our body does not get enough energy protein and other nutrients was called malnutrition. Malnutrition disease was divided by two types, that are undernutrition and overnutrition. Undernutrition is the situation when a person becoming an extremely thin, losing muscle tissue and becoming prone to infected and disease due to deficiency of energy. Meanwhile, overnutrition is an excess of energy or nutrient that will lead to obesity and vulnerable to diseases. This sustained malnourishment can harm our body not only by affecting the composition and functional of our body and also the processing of nutrients within the body known as metabolism. Common sequences of malnutrition include a greater chance of infection, slower wound healing, weakness or fatigue, decreased bone strength and impaired functioning of the heart, lungs and gastrointestinal (GI) system. Indeed, persisting malnutrition can be life threatening.

  That is why we should eat a variety of foods in healthy ways to give all the nutrients that our body needed. The nutrient that we take will play an important role in our life. Our body needs carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, minerals, vitamins, electrolytes and water to survive. Obtaining the correct balance and quantities of these nutrients is essential to our health and well being; for example to promote growth, overcome illness and damage, to provides energy and allow proper functioning of our body’s systems. The exact requirement for each nutrient is determined by age, sex and activity levels.

  Thus, we can conclude that everybody should take the healthy and enough foods based on recommended dietary intakes by our dietician to ensure our body have enough energy to do our daily activities.

NAME: MOHAMAD JALALUDDIN BIN MOHAMAD SANUSI (BEHC)

ID.NO: 12212115104

“You are what you eat”. We often heard this quotation but do we know the meaning of it? People often misinterpreted the meaning of it, they thought it mean you are a potato if you eat potato. This is false interpretation. The true meaning is : The notion that to be fit and healthy you need to eat good food. This phrase has come to us via quite a tortuous route. Anthelme Brillat-Savarin wrote, inPhysiologie du Gout, ou Meditations de Gastronomie Transcendante, 1826:

"Dis-moi ce que tu manges, je te dirai ce que tu es." [Tell me what you eat and I will tell you what you are].

That translates into English as 'man is what he eats'.

Neither Brillat-Savarin or Feuerbach meant their quotations to be taken literally. They were stating that that the food one eats has a bearing on what one's state of mind and health.

The actual phrase didn't emerge in English until some time later. In the 1920s and 30s, the nutritionist Victor Lindlahr, who was a strong believer in the idea that food controls health, developed the Catabolic Diet. That view gained some adherents at the time and the earliest known printed example is from an advert for beef in a 1923 edition of the Bridgeport Telegraph, for 'United Meet [sic] Markets':

"Ninety per cent of the diseases known to man are caused by cheap foodstuffs. You are what you eat."

 Furthermore, if we do not get enough nutrients or get excessive nutrients, we will be having a malnutrition .In other words, we have higher possibility to get diseases. The nutrients we take play important roles in our daily life. Malnutrition increases the risk of infectious and weakens every part of the immune systems. It is divided into two, undernutrition which is lack of nutrients and overnutrition which is excessive of nutrients. One of the example of undernutrition is diarrhea. It can cause malnutrition through decreased intake of food, decreased of nutrient absorption, increased in metabolic requirements and direct nutrient loss. The example of overnutrition is obesity which we always heard nowadays. The obesity occur because we tend to have fast foods compare to nutritious foods. Thus, we take more fat and sugar.

Apart from that, Our health actually is based on our nutrient intake. Either we take excessive or  less nutrition we could get disease or malnutrition. As example , if we are  lack of protein we could get kwashiokor, while lack of protein and fat cause marasmus. Excessive protein can cause dehydration and cause of calcium deficiency. Next, lack insoluble fiber can cause constipation and hemorrhoids. While, vitamin deficiency diseases such as pellagra because lack of vitamin B , rickets because lack of vitamin D and scurvy because lack of vitamin C. Then , lack of calcium cause osteoporosis which commonly found in older females. Excessive of carbohydrate and fat can cause chronic disease such as heart disease , cancer , stroke , diabetes. Diabetes is because of no insulin or insufficient insulin.

Last but not least,  taking a balance nutrient in our daily diet is very important. By taking a balance diet, it actually can bring a lot of benefit to us .Death rates from infectious diseases and diseases like heart attack and hypertension could be reduced .So we are what we eat.

Noor Shamimi Rahim Ghani (12212115080)

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

People always used the phrase “You Are What You Eat” whenever they want to advice us on our food intake. Do we ever think what the meaning of this phrase is? Well, this phrase emphasizes the importance of a good diet as a key to good health. So good diet or in other hand called healthy diet is consuming the right quantities of foods from all food groups in order to lead a healthy life. Diet is often referred to as some dietary regimen for losing weight. However, diet simply means what food we eat in the course of a 24-hour, one week, or one month, etc. period. A good diet is a nutritional lifestyle that promotes good health. A good diet must include several food groups because one single group cannot provide everything a human needs for good health.

When we talked about the relationship between nutrient intake and malnutrition there are huge impact on how much nutrient we took and how does it affects our health. As we all know, malnutrition is the primary cause of immunodeficiency worldwide, and we are learning more and more about the pathogenesis of this interaction. Micronutrient deficiencies have effects such as poor growth, impaired intellect, and increased mortality and susceptibility to infection. Nutritional deficiencies associated with pregnancy are associated with poor immune response to infection. Because this immune deficiency is partially compensated by breast-feeding, this is the single best way to protect infants from infection. Malnutrition and nutritional alterations, common complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection, include disorders of food intake, nutrient absorption, and intermediary metabolism and play a significant and independent role in morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition is the primary cause of immunodeficiency worldwide, with infants, children, adolescents, and the elderly most affected. There is a strong relationship between malnutrition and infection and infant mortality, because poor nutrition leaves children underweight, weakened, and vulnerable to infections, primarily because of epithelial integrity and inflammation. It was believed that protein deficiency (kwashiorkor), more than total calorie deficiency (marasmus), was the predominant basis of nutrition problems, because severe protein deficiency bore a definite relationship to antibody formation and the development of the immune system in infants and children. The focus then changed to energy, with the assumption that if a person consumed enough kilocalories of energy, all nutrient needs would be met. Vitamin deficiency, stunted growth, skin infections, hair loss, increased illness and even death are all contributing factors to being malnourished. Malnutrition can also occur from improper water treatment. Globally, untreated water is one of the leading causes of malnutrition. As a result, an individual who is malnourished can have severe, or prolonged diarrhea, renal failure, infection, or diseases that cause the malabsorption of nutrients in the small intestine. Children, particularly infants and those under five years of age are also at an increased risk for malnutrition due to a greater need for energy and nutrients during periods of rapid growth and development. Elderlyadults are also prone to malnutrition as a result of a decrease in both the appetite and intestinal function. Therefore, preventative measure should be put in place for these vulnerable age groups to ward off this health issue.

By taking enough nutrients, it can overcome the malnutrition issues as the causes of malnutrition is the lack of nutrients itself. Malnutrition occurs when the body is not getting enough of the nutrients it needs to stay healthy and can develop if a person stops eating properly, or if the body needs more nutrients than normal. Carbohydrates provide the body with energy. They also have a symbiotic relationship with proteins by protecting the protein stores in the body. The brain optimally uses carbohydrates for energy, but when there is insufficient carbohydrate consumption for several weeks, the body does not metabolize fatty acids completely and as result body protein will also be lost, and the body will generally become weakened. Protein is a part of every cell in the human body. Also, equally as important, proteins provide the body with a special form of nitrogen that the body cannot get from carbohydrates or lipids. Proteins also help regulate the pH, or acid-base balance, in the blood, are necessary for the synthesis of many hormones and enzymes, and participate in important cell formation for cells vital for the immune system. In the case of starvation, excessive muscle tissue is wasted and results in diminished health. As much as we would like to eliminate fats from our regular diets, this food source actually plays a vital role in maintaining healthy skin and hair, insulating body organs against shock, maintaining body temperature, and promoting healthy cell function. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In addition, Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble, meaning they can only be digested, absorbed, and transported in conjunction with fats. Fats are also sources of essential fatty acids, an important dietary requirement and also serves as a useful buffer towards a host of diseases. The USDA suggests that about 30-35% of your daily calorie intake should come from fat. Vitamins and minerals are needed for overall health and provide protection against infection and diseases, help the body grow, help the body’s metabolism and assist in the removal of waste products. It is recommended to obtain your vitamin intake through fresh fruits and vegetables with a regular diet. However, when dietary sources are limited, taking vitamin supplements is an excellent alternative. Amounts vary for children, seniors, lactating or pregnant women, smokers, heavy alcohol drinkers, stressed, those with chronic diseases or those who consume less than 2,000 calories per day.

In a nutshell, one should always practice a healthy diet to avoid malnutrition. This is because lack of nutrient intake can higher the risk of having malnutrition. Thus, this statement really suits the “You Are What You Eat” phrase because what you eat will effects your health as what people used to say, “What You Give You’ll Get Back”. So, hereby I totally agree with the phrase “You Are What You Eat”.

Name   : Mohamed Belqadri Bin Mohamed Taufik

I/D  : 12212115043

Programme  : BEHC Sem 1

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

1. The relationship between nutrient intake and diseases / malnutrition

Malnutrition,is defined as underweight, is a serious public-health problem that has been linked to a substantial increase in the risk of mortality and morbidity. Many factors can cause malnutrition, most of which relate to poor diet or severe and repeated infections, particularly in underprivileged populations.

Nutrients found in all foods and drinks provide nourishment for the body. This nourishment is in the form of substances which provide energy, building blocks for bone, muscle, organs, hormones and blood substances needed for processes to occur in the body (like digestion) and substances that protect the body.

Nutrients are drawn from a wide variety of foods and the more varied your diet, the more likely you are to obtain all the nutrients you need.

There are no specific dietary intakes recommended for the prevention of chronic diseases, only "safe ranges" that are considered consistent with the maintenance of health in a population as a whole. If population averages fall outside this range, health concerns are likely to arise.

Dietary recommendations for a population should aim at minimizing the risk of developing diseases. The risk of developing a particular disease linked to a particular risk factor should be assessed based on the results of multiple controlled trials. Moreover, the risk of many diet-related problems is also linked to environmental factors which lead to changes in behavior and particularly to excess weight gain.

Some of the examples of disease related to malnutrition are scurvy, rickets, goiter and etc.

2. The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues  

Malnutrition can affect anyone; however it is particularly common among older people and those who are socially isolated as a result of poor mobility, poor physical health or mental health problems. It can occur over a long period of time which sometimes makes it difficult to spot.

One of the roles of nutrient is to meet the body’s needs to avoid and prevent malnutrition. Optimum nutritions basically providing all nutrients in both kind and amount.

The best method of practice is to follow the Food Pyramid. Accordingly, eat most from the base of the pyramid and eat less from the peak, for an example, a person should consume 8-12 servings of Carbohydrates per day. Examples of carbohydrates are bread, cereal, rice and pasta. For fruits and vegetable, 5 servings per day of dietary fibre. Fish, meat and nuts are in the protein class, and should be consume 2-3 servings per day. Milk, yogurt and cheese need to be only consume 1-2 servings per day and finally, the least but needed for our body is fat, which is oil, sugar and salt.

Name   : Mohamed Belqadri Bin Mohamed Taufik

I/D  : 12212115043

Programme  : BEHC Sem 1

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

1. The relationship between nutrient intake and diseases / malnutrition

Malnutrition, is defined as underweight, is a serious public-health problem that has been linked to a substantial increase in the risk of mortality and morbidity. Many factors can cause malnutrition, most of which relate to poor diet or severe and repeated infections, particularly in underprivileged populations.

Nutrients found in all foods and drinks provide nourishment for the body. This nourishment is in the form of substances which provide energy, building blocks for bone, muscle, organs, hormones and blood substances needed for processes to occur in the body (like digestion) and substances that protect the body.

Nutrients are drawn from a wide variety of foods and the more varied your diet, the more likely you are to obtain all the nutrients you need.

There are no specific dietary intakes recommended for the prevention of chronic diseases, only "safe ranges" that are considered consistent with the maintenance of health in a population as a whole. If population averages fall outside this range, health concerns are likely to arise.

Dietary recommendations for a population should aim at minimizing the risk of developing diseases. The risk of developing a particular disease linked to a particular risk factor should be assessed based on the results of multiple controlled trials. Moreover, the risk of many diet-related problems is also linked to environmental factors which lead to changes in behavior and particularly to excess weight gain.

Some of the examples of disease related to malnutrition are scurvy, rickets, goiter and etc.

2. The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues  

Malnutrition can affect anyone; however it is particularly common amongst older people and those who are socially isolated as a result of poor mobility, poor physical health or mental health problems. It can occur over a long period of time which sometimes makes it difficult to spot.

One of the roles of nutrient is to meet the body’s needs to avoid and prevent malnutrition. Optimum nutritions basically providing all nutrients in both kind and amount.

The best method of practice is to follow the Food Pyramid. Accordingly, eat most from the base of the pyramid and eat less from the peak, for an example, a person should consume 8-12 servings of Carbohydrates per day. Examples of carbohydrates are bread, cereal, rice and pasta. For fruits and vegetable, 5 servings per day of dietary fibre. Fish, meat and nuts are in the protein class, and should be consume 2-3 servings per day. Milk, yogurt and cheese need to be only consume 1-2 servings per day and finally, the least but needed for our body is fat, which is oil, sugar and salt.

NURFIEZA ASYIKIN BINTI ADANAN

12211115011

BCLS

You are what you eat. We have all heard it, but most of us probably do not believe it. In fact that, our whole body are made from nutrient that we extract from the food without resembling those foods. The nutritional content of what we eat determines the composition of our cell membranes, blood and hormones. Consider that there are cell in our body that died or matured every day and must replace them. Our body was actually manufactured out of the food that we consumed.

Malnutrition is caused by eating a diet in which nutrients are not enough or are too much such that it causes health problems/deficiency. It is a category of malnutrition diseases that includes under nutrition and over nutrition. Over nutrition means the intake of nutrients is oversupplied or over the body limitation, while under nutrition is nutrient deficiency which means the consummation of nutrient is not enough for the body system. Malnutrition is causes by inadequate or unbalanced diet and lack of single vitamin in the diet.

We will know the right portion of nutrients needed daily in our body provided based on the food pyramid. In everyday life, we need to take mostly on the carbohydrates with 6-11 servings, the fruits and vegetables from 3-5 servings, proteins and dairy products 2-3 servings and fats is the nutrient that should be taken with most cautious and little. Commonly people that face over nutrition have taken the fats excessively and out of body needs. Fat is good and beneficial for supplying heat to our body, keeping our body temperature in an optimum level, especially in a cold weather. But when the individuals consume fats more than the daily limits, this will leads to the serious disease and deficiency such as obesity, atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, diabetes and excess visceral fat in their body.And as for those people who faces under nutrition, the presents of nutrients in foods help them live healthily, gaining back the sufficient nutrients needed. The carbohydrate provides them with energy which will make them stronger, while the proteins will make the muscles in a good condition, helping the muscles to grow fits. Whereas the fruit and vegetables supplies fibres, vitamins and minerals to their body; preventing them from constipation, improving their health of skins and visions especially night vision. Every colour of vegetables has their own roles especially the green leaves, which mainly contributes as anti-cancer in our body.

In a nutshell, the consummation of nutrient without aware of the disease and deficiency that coming through is a bad move to our healthy lifestyle. In conclusion, eating too much certain food makes us over nutrition and consume too little nutrient that lead to under nutrition are also  linked to chronic disease, so in order to stay fit and healthy beside exercise regularly, the food intake also play an important role in our daily life. Stay fit, stay healthy.

12211115008

BCLS GROUP 2

Today the malaysian diet very different to compare with fifty years ago,when people ate most meals at home with families with their own cultivation and livestock. It are more fresh and also less-processed foods.But today as we can see,people have much less time to prepare food at home,eat more processed foods and convenient to take fast foods. Then , they very like take any foods contain added sugar.Added sugar is the single worst ingredient in modern diet. It can have harmful effects on metabolism and contribute to all sorts of diseases. That why people now days got many diseases. They did not care about nutrient in each food they taken. So, the sentence of “you are what you eat” are suitable for this issues.

All diseases or malnutrition has relationship with nutrient intake.An essential nutrient is a nutrient that the body cannot synthesize on its own or not to an adequate amount  and must be provided by the diet.The six essential nutrients include carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins,minerals and water.These nutrients are necessary for the body to function properly. Normal functioning of the human body requires a balance between nutritional intake and metabolism, and imbalances manifest as nutritional deficiencies or excess. The nutrients you  take in each day not only give you energy to carry out your activities but also provide biological and chemical molecules to support your health. Excessive nutrients can, over time, lead to unwanted weight gain, affect your metabolic processes and increase your risk of nutritional toxicities. Then, a nutritional deficiency occurs when the body doesn’t absorb the necessary amount of a nutrient. Deficiencies can lead to a variety of health problems, such as problems of digestion, skin problems, stunted or defective bone growth, and even dementia.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Nutrients intake and diseases/malnutrition have always been intricately linked. The nutrients we eat in food gives our bodies the "information" and materials they need to function properly. If we do not get the right information, our metabolic processes suffer and our health declines. If we get too much nutrients, or food that gives our bodies the wrong instructions, we can become overweight and obesity, and at risk for the development of diseases and conditions, such ascancer,diabetes, andheart disease.

Obesity results from imbalance energy intake and energy expenditure. The intakes of high energy have been associated with consumption of food groups beyond recommended amounts of protein, carbohydrate and fat. Excess weight gain, overweight and obesity account for the escalating rates of type 2 diabetes, worldwide. Diabetes leads to increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease, stroke and infections. In addition, cancers indicate that there is a relationship between high fat intake and an increased risk of cancer. High fat diets have been shown to increase the rates of breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Next, calcium-poor diets also lead to a primary risk factor for osteoporosis.

  The food that we eat contains nutrients that nourish and keep us healthy. More than 40 nutrients are essential, meaning they are vital for growth and maintaining health. The term essential further denotes that your body cannot produce these nutrients and that you need a constant supply of these nutrients from food. These include carbohydrates, proteins and fats, which are required in large quantities and are referred to as macronutrients, as well as vitamins and minerals, which fall under the micronutrient category, as they are required in smaller quantities.

  Dietary intake plays a key role in the development of the obesity,reduced dietary energy and  fatintake are necessary to produce long-term weight loss and prevent obesity.Weight loss also play a big role for all such individuals who have  or are at risk for diabetes. Next,Protein is a part of every cell in the human body, as it is an essential component of all cells, bones, tissues, cartilage, muscles, skin, hair, bones, ligaments and blood plasma.Adequate dietary protein is essential for optimal bone mass gain during childhood and adolescence. It’s also responsible for preserving bone mass with ageing. Calcium and vitamin D are often the two nutrients emphasized for maintaining bone health, especially as you grow older and the risk of osteoporosis increases. However, minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, fluoride, iron, copper, manganese, boron and zinc as well as vitamins A, K, C and the B-vitamins are equally important for healthy bones. Include milk, eggs, dairy and dairy products, fruits, vegetables, fortified breads and breakfast cereals in your diet to get adequate amounts of all these nutrients.

  In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how toproperly storeit for long-term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourishment.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Nutrients intake and diseases/malnutrition have always been intricately linked. The nutrients we eat in food gives our bodies the "information" and materials they need to function properly. If we do not get the right information, our metabolic processes suffer and our health declines. If we get too much nutrients, or food that gives our bodies the wrong instructions, we can become overweight and obesity, and at risk for the development of diseases and conditions, such ascancer,diabetes, andheartdisease.

Obesity results from imbalance energy intake and energy expenditure. The intakes of high energy have been associated with consumption of food groups beyond recommended amounts of protein, carbohydrate and fat. Excess weight gain, overweight and obesity account for the escalating rates of type 2 diabetes, worldwide. Diabetes leads to increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease, stroke and infections. In addition, cancers indicate that there is a relationship between high fat intake and an increased risk of cancer. High fat diets have been shown to increase the rates of breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Next, calcium-poor diets also lead to a primary risk factor for osteoporosis.

  The food that we eat contains nutrients that nourish and keep us healthy. More than 40 nutrients are essential, meaning they are vital for growth and maintaining health. The term essential further denotes that your body cannot produce these nutrients and that you need a constant supply of these nutrients from food. These include carbohydrates, proteins and fats, which are required in large quantities and are referred to as macronutrients, as well as vitamins and minerals, which fall under the micronutrient category, as they are required in smaller quantities.

  Dietary intake plays a key role in the development of the obesity,reduced dietary energy and  fatintake are necessary to produce long-term weight loss and prevent obesity.Weight loss also play a big role for all such individuals who have  or are at risk for diabetes. Next,Protein is a part of every cell in the human body, as it is an essential component of all cells, bones, tissues, cartilage, muscles, skin, hair, bones, ligaments and blood plasma.Adequate dietary protein is essential for optimal bone mass gain during childhood and adolescence. It’s also responsible for preserving bone mass with ageing. Calcium and vitamin D are often the two nutrients emphasized for maintaining bone health, especially as you grow older and the risk of osteoporosis increases. However, minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, fluoride, iron, copper, manganese, boron and zinc as well as vitamins A, K, C and the B-vitamins are equally important for healthy bones. Include milk, eggs, dairy and dairy products, fruits, vegetables, fortified breads and breakfast cereals in your diet to get adequate amounts of all these nutrients.

  In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how toproperly storeit for long-term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourishment.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Nutrients intake and diseases/malnutrition have always been intricately linked. The nutrients we eat in food gives our bodies the "information" and materials they need to function properly. If we do not get the right information, our metabolic processes suffer and our health declines. If we get too much nutrients, or food that gives our bodies the wrong instructions, we can become overweight and obesity, and at risk for the development of diseases and conditions, such ascancer,diabetes, and heartdisease.

Obesity results from imbalance energy intake and energy expenditure. The intakes of high energy have been associated with consumption of food groups beyond recommended amounts of protein, carbohydrate and fat. Excess weight gain, overweight and obesity account for the escalating rates of type 2 diabetes, worldwide. Diabetes leads to increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease, stroke and infections. In addition, cancers indicate that there is a relationship between high fat intake and an increased risk of cancer. High fat diets have been shown to increase the rates of breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Next, calcium-poor diets also lead to a primary risk factor for osteoporosis.

  The food that we eat contains nutrients that nourish and keep us healthy. More than 40 nutrients are essential, meaning they are vital for growth and maintaining health. The term essential further denotes that your body cannot produce these nutrients and that you need a constant supply of these nutrients from food. These include carbohydrates, proteins and fats, which are required in large quantities and are referred to as macronutrients, as well as vitamins and minerals, which fall under the micronutrient category, as they are required in smaller quantities.

  Dietary intake plays a key role in the development of the obesity,reduced dietary energy and  fatintake are necessary to produce long-term weight loss and prevent obesity.Weight loss also play a big role for all such individuals who have  or are at risk for diabetes. Next,Protein is a part of every cell in the human body, as it is an essential component of all cells, bones, tissues, cartilage, muscles, skin, hair, bones, ligaments and blood plasma.Adequate dietary protein is essential for optimal bone mass gain during childhood and adolescence. It’s also responsible for preserving bone mass with ageing. Calcium and vitamin D are often the two nutrients emphasized for maintaining bone health, especially as you grow older and the risk of osteoporosis increases. However, minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, fluoride, iron, copper, manganese, boron and zinc as well as vitamins A, K, C and the B-vitamins are equally important for healthy bones. Include milk, eggs, dairy and dairy products, fruits, vegetables, fortified breads and breakfast cereals in your diet to get adequate amounts of all these nutrients.

  In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how toproperly storeit for long-term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourishment.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Nutrients intake and diseases/malnutrition have always been intricately linked. The nutrients we eat in food gives our bodies the "information" and materials they need to function properly. If we do not get the right information, our metabolic processes suffer and our health declines. If we get too much nutrients, or food that gives our bodies the wrong instructions, we can become overweight and obesity, and at risk for the development of diseases and conditions, such ascancer,diabetes, and heart disease.

Obesity results from imbalance energy intake and energy expenditure. The intakes of high energy have been associated with consumption of food groups beyond recommended amounts of protein, carbohydrate and fat. Excess weight gain, overweight and obesity account for the escalating rates of type 2 diabetes, worldwide. Diabetes leads to increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease, stroke and infections. In addition, cancers indicate that there is a relationship between high fat intake and an increased risk of cancer. High fat diets have been shown to increase the rates of breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Next, calcium-poor diets also lead to a primary risk factor for osteoporosis.

  The food that we eat contains nutrients that nourish and keep us healthy. More than 40 nutrients are essential, meaning they are vital for growth and maintaining health. The term essential further denotes that your body cannot produce these nutrients and that you need a constant supply of these nutrients from food. These include carbohydrates, proteins and fats, which are required in large quantities and are referred to as macronutrients, as well as vitamins and minerals, which fall under the micronutrient category, as they are required in smaller quantities.

  Dietary intake plays a key role in the development of the obesity,reduced dietary energy and  fatintake are necessary to produce long-term weight loss and prevent obesity.Weight loss also play a big role for all such individuals who have  or are at risk for diabetes. Next,Protein is a part of every cell in the human body, as it is an essential component of all cells, bones, tissues, cartilage, muscles, skin, hair, bones, ligaments and blood plasma.Adequate dietary protein is essential for optimal bone mass gain during childhood and adolescence. It’s also responsible for preserving bone mass with ageing. Calcium and vitamin D are often the two nutrients emphasized for maintaining bone health, especially as you grow older and the risk of osteoporosis increases. However, minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, fluoride, iron, copper, manganese, boron and zinc as well as vitamins A, K, C and the B-vitamins are equally important for healthy bones. Include milk, eggs, dairy and dairy products, fruits, vegetables, fortified breads and breakfast cereals in your diet to get adequate amounts of all these nutrients.

  In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how toproperly storeit for long-term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourishment.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Nutrients intake and diseases/malnutrition have always been intricately linked. The nutrients we eat in food gives our bodies the "information" and materials they need to function properly. If we do not get the right information, our metabolic processes suffer and our health declines. If we get too much nutrients, or food that gives our bodies the wrong instructions, we can become overweight and obesity, and at risk for the development of diseases and conditions, such ascancer,diabetes, and heart disease.

Obesity results from imbalance energy intake and energy expenditure. The intakes of high energy have been associated with consumption of food groups beyond recommended amounts of protein, carbohydrate and fat. Excess weight gain, overweight and obesity account for the escalating rates of type 2 diabetes, worldwide. Diabetes leads to increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease, stroke and infections. In addition, cancers indicate that there is a relationship between high fat intake and an increased risk of cancer. High fat diets have been shown to increase the rates of breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Next, calcium-poor diets also lead to a primary risk factor for osteoporosis.

  The food that we eat contains nutrients that nourish and keep us healthy. More than 40 nutrients are essential, meaning they are vital for growth and maintaining health. The term essential further denotes that your body cannot produce these nutrients and that you need a constant supply of these nutrients from food. These include carbohydrates, proteins and fats, which are required in large quantities and are referred to as macronutrients, as well as vitamins and minerals, which fall under the micronutrient category, as they are required in smaller quantities.

  Dietary intake plays a key role in the development of the obesity,reduced dietary energy and  fat intake are necessary to produce long-term weight loss and prevent obesity.Weight loss also play a big role for all such individuals who have  or are at risk for diabetes. Next,Protein is a part of every cell in the human body, as it is an essential component of all cells, bones, tissues, cartilage, muscles, skin, hair, bones, ligaments and blood plasma.Adequate dietary protein is essential for optimal bone mass gain during childhood and adolescence. It’s also responsible for preserving bone mass with ageing. Calcium and vitamin D are often the two nutrients emphasized for maintaining bone health, especially as you grow older and the risk of osteoporosis increases. However, minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, fluoride, iron, copper, manganese, boron and zinc as well as vitamins A, K, C and the B-vitamins are equally important for healthy bones. Include milk, eggs, dairy and dairy products, fruits, vegetables, fortified breads and breakfast cereals in your diet to get adequate amounts of all these nutrients.

  In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how toproperly storeit for long-term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourishment.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

Nutrients intake and diseases/malnutrition have always been intricately linked. The nutrients we eat in food gives our bodies the "information" and materials they need to function properly. If we do not get the right information, our metabolic processes suffer and our health declines. If we get too much nutrients, or food that gives our bodies the wrong instructions, we can become overweight and obesity, and at risk for the development of diseases and conditions, such ascancer,diabetes, and heart disease.

Obesity results from imbalance energy intake and energy expenditure. The intakes of high energy have been associated with consumption of food groups beyond recommended amounts of protein, carbohydrate and fat. Excess weight gain, overweight and obesity account for the escalating rates of type 2 diabetes, worldwide. Diabetes leads to increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease, stroke and infections. In addition, cancers indicate that there is a relationship between high fat intake and an increased risk of cancer. High fat diets have been shown to increase the rates of breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Next, calcium-poor diets also lead to a primary risk factor for osteoporosis.

  The food that we eat contains nutrients that nourish and keep us healthy. More than 40 nutrients are essential, meaning they are vital for growth and maintaining health. The term essential further denotes that your body cannot produce these nutrients and that you need a constant supply of these nutrients from food. These include carbohydrates, proteins and fats, which are required in large quantities and are referred to as macronutrients, as well as vitamins and minerals, which fall under the micronutrient category, as they are required in smaller quantities.

  Dietary intake plays a key role in the development of the obesity,reduced dietary energy and  fat intake are necessary to produce long-term weight loss and prevent obesity.Weight loss also play a big role for all such individuals who have  or are at risk for diabetes. Next,Protein is a part of every cell in the human body, as it is an essential component of all cells, bones, tissues, cartilage, muscles, skin, hair, bones, ligaments and blood plasma.Adequate dietary protein is essential for optimal bone mass gain during childhood and adolescence. It’s also responsible for preserving bone mass with ageing. Calcium and vitamin D are often the two nutrients emphasized for maintaining bone health, especially as you grow older and the risk of osteoporosis increases. However, minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, fluoride, iron, copper, manganese, boron and zinc as well as vitamins A, K, C and the B-vitamins are equally important for healthy bones. Include milk, eggs, dairy and dairy products, fruits, vegetables, fortified breads and breakfast cereals in your diet to get adequate amounts of all these nutrients.

  In summation, as our standard of living continues to diminish, malnutrition will be a more present health problem within our population. Investing in healthy and nutritious foods and learning how toproperly storeit for long-term use can assist you in maintaining your health and prevent the short and long-term affects of malnourishment.

We live in a world that rapidly changing elements – our environment, food supply,

population and scientific knowledge. Within different environments our bodies, personalities, needs, and goals change. To be realistic with the concept of change and balance, the study must focus on food, nutrition, and health care because ‘’ We Are What We Eat ’’ .

Although we may view health and disease in different ways, a primary basis for preventing disease must always start with good food and the sound the  nutrition it provides. This basic study of nutrition has importance question in two ways that need an urgent answer ;

1. the relationship between nutrient intake and disease/malnutrition, and ;

2. role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues.

The Relationship Between Nutrient Intake And Disease/Malnutrition

Firstly we will discussed on Optimal Nutrition, then what is Malnutrition; how it can affect our daily life, and how bad it can be ; the relationship with the nutrient intake everyday in our life.

Optimal Nutrition means that a person receives and uses substances obtained from a varied and balanced diet of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and water in ideal amounts. The desired amounts of these nutrients should be balanced to cover variations in health and disease and provide reserve supplies without unnecessary excesses.

Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems. It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins or minerals. Both undernutrition and overnutrition are form of malnutrition. Such nutritionally deficient people are limited in their physical work capacity, immune system function and mental activity. They lack nutritional reserves to meet any added physiologic or metabolic demands from injury or illness or to sustain fatal development during pregnancy or proper growth in childhood. This state may result from poor eating habits or a continuously stressful environment with little or no available food. Signs of more undernutrition  appear when nutritional reserves are depleted and nutrient and energy intake is not sufficient to meet day-to-day needs or added metabolic process. Many malnourished people live in conditions of poverty or illness.Overnutrition results from excess nutrient and energy intake over time, especially when excess caloric intake produce harmful

body weight. Harmful overnutrition can also occur in persons who consistently use excessive amunts of nutrient supplements, resulting in toxicities.

Many older adults are at risk for developing malnutrition, the lack of adequate nutrition to maintain health. The main cause of malnutrition in older adult is inadequate food and nutrient

intake. A poor appetite or problems with chewing and swallowing may lead to lower food intake. Older adults who care for themselves, may have problems purchasing and transporting food to their homes, and may have difficulties preparing nutritious meals. Many common medications contribute to poor food intake, through side effects such as nausea, dry mouth and gastrointestinal complaints. Malnutrition can also result from diseases or health

conditions that cause problems with the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.

Role Of Nutrient In Overcoming Malnutrition Issues.

Food is necessity of life. However, many people are only concerned with food insofar as it relieves their hunger or satisfies their appetites, not with whether it supplies their bodies with all components of good nutrition. A lifetime of good nutrition is evidenced by a well-

developed body, the ideal weight for body composition and height, and good muscle

development. In addition, a healthy person’s skin is smooth and clear, the hair is glossy, and the eyes are clear and bright. Appetite, digestion, and elimination are normal. Well- nourished persons are more likely to be mentally and physically alert and have positive outlook on life. They also are more able to resist infectious diseases than undernourished persons. This is particularly important with our current trends of population growth and and ever-increasing life expectancy .

Conclusion

Good food and key nutrients are essential to life and health. In our changing world, an

emphasis disease prevention though reducing health risks has become our primary goal. The

importance of a balanced diet in meeting this goal through the functioning of its component nutrients is fundamental.

NUR IZZATI BINTI MUHAMAD

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Richard Chaifetz, the chief executive officer of Chicago-based ComPsych Corporation who also a neuropsychologist said "You're an athlete in the workplace. So you should eat like an athlete." From this word, we can see that eating isn't just about satisfying hunger, but also to keep ourselves in the best condition for living our life.  

Food pyramid, a graphic representation of a food chain was introduced by United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) to show examples of foods that might be healthy choices from each main group in order to guide people from the age of 5 years in order to make healthy food choices. From the designed pyramid, we can see that there are 6 main groups of food which are grains, vegetables, fruits, protein foods, dairy and oil arranged from the base to the top of the pyramid and it is the sign of the larger the column area, the more the amount to be taken. The bottom of the pyramid is the carbohydrate group, recommending 6-11 servings per day—an aspect heavily attacked by modern nutritionists. On the next level up, we have the vegetable group on the left (3-5 servings per day) and the fruit group on the right (2-4 servings per day). The penultimate level consists of the dairy group on the left (2-3 servings per day) and the protein group on the right (2-3 servings per day). All the way up top is the fat group, which you're supposed to avoid whenever possible.

By following the food pyramid, people will capable to protect them self from malnutrition that defined as lack or excessive of nutrients, either under nutrition or over nutrition that capable to cause chronic disease and acute disease. Under nutrition is a nutritional deficiency resulting from lack of food intake or from the inability of the body to convert or absorb nutrients such as protein, vitamins and minerals. In other word, under nutrition is a condition occurs when people do not eat or absorb enough nutrients to cover their needs for energy and growth, or to maintain a healthy immune system. Badly, this condition usually may affect growth and immunity but some cause specific clinical conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia, hypothyroidism or xerophthalmia. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), the most common form of anemia in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. As the name implies, iron deficiency anemia is due to insufficient iron. Without enough iron, body cannot produce enough substance called haemoglobin in red blood cells that enables them to carry oxygen. As a result, iron deficiency anemia may leave you tired and short of breath. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which thyroid gland does not produce enough of certain important hormones. When the thyroid does not produce enough hormones, the balance of chemical reactions in body can be upset. One of the factors of hypothyroidism is iodine deficiency or lack of iodine intake because the gland needs enough iodine to produce an insufficient amount of hormone. While xerophthalmia is a condition deficiency of tears or conjunctival secretions and leads to dryness of the eye surfaces caused by.  This condition may be associated with vitamin A deficiency. Other that, the under nutrition problem among pregnancy women will cause unborn and newborn babies. While, overnutrition is the overconsumption of nutrients and food to the point at which health is adversely affected that mainly increased the risk of serious health conditions, including obesity that may lead to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type-2 diabetes and so on. Obesity is a condition that is associated with having an excess of body fat, defined by genetic and environmental factors that are difficult to control when dieting, and also lack of exercise. The commonest health problem that related to obesity is cardiovascular disease or hearth failure. As the body mass index (BMI) rises, so does the risk for cardiovascular disease such as coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD is a condition in which a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to heart. Plaque can narrow or block the coronary arteries and reduce blood flow to the heart muscle. This can cause angina or a heart attack that may lead to fatal. Other than in coronary artery, the plaque also will be existed in blood vessels. The blockage in the vessels may cause the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. This condition is called as high blood pressure. Other that, the plaque in the vessels also may lead to stroke.

12211115052

Richard Chaifetz, the chief executive officer of Chicago-based ComPsych Corporation who also a neuropsychologist said "You're an athlete in the workplace. So you should eat like an athlete." From this word, we can see that eating isn't just about satisfying hunger, but also to keep ourselves in the best condition for living our life.  

Food pyramid, a graphic representation of a food chain was introduced by United State Department of Agriculture (USDA) to show examples of foods that might be healthy choices from each main group in order to guide people from the age of 5 years in order to make healthy food choices. From the designed pyramid, we can see that there are 6 main groups of food which are grains, vegetables, fruits, protein foods, dairy and oil arranged from the base to the top of the pyramid and it is the sign of the larger the column area, the more the amount to be taken. The bottom of the pyramid is the carbohydrate group, recommending 6-11 servings per day—an aspect heavily attacked by modern nutritionists. On the next level up, we have the vegetable group on the left (3-5 servings per day) and the fruit group on the right (2-4 servings per day). The penultimate level consists of the dairy group on the left (2-3 servings per day) and the protein group on the right (2-3 servings per day). All the way up top is the fat group, which you're supposed to avoid whenever possible.

By following the food pyramid, people will capable to protect them self from malnutrition that defined as lack or excessive of nutrients, either under nutrition or over nutrition that capable to cause chronic disease and acute disease. Under nutrition is a nutritional deficiency resulting from lack of food intake or from the inability of the body to convert or absorb nutrients such as protein, vitamins and minerals. In other word, under nutrition is a condition occurs when people do not eat or absorb enough nutrients to cover their needs for energy and growth, or to maintain a healthy immune system. Badly, this condition usually may affect growth and immunity but some cause specific clinical conditions such as iron deficiency anaemia, hypothyroidism or xerophthalmia. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), the most common form of anemia in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. As the name implies, iron deficiency anemia is due to insufficient iron. Without enough iron, body cannot produce enough substance called haemoglobin in red blood cells that enables them to carry oxygen. As a result, iron deficiency anemia may leave you tired and short of breath. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which thyroid gland does not produce enough of certain important hormones. When the thyroid does not produce enough hormones, the balance of chemical reactions in body can be upset. One of the factors of hypothyroidism is iodine deficiency or lack of iodine intake because the gland needs enough iodine to produce an insufficient amount of hormone. While xerophthalmia is a condition deficiency of tears or conjunctival secretions and leads to dryness of the eye surfaces caused by.  This condition may be associated with vitamin A deficiency. Other that, the under nutrition problem among pregnancy women will cause unborn and newborn babies. While, overnutrition is the overconsumption of nutrients and food to the point at which health is adversely affected that mainly increased the risk of serious health conditions, including obesity that may lead to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type-2 diabetes and so on. Obesity is a condition that is associated with having an excess of body fat, defined by genetic and environmental factors that are difficult to control when dieting, and also lack of exercise. The commonest health problem that related to obesity is cardiovascular disease or hearth failure. As the body mass index (BMI) rises, so does the risk for cardiovascular disease such as coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD is a condition in which a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to heart. Plaque can narrow or block the coronary arteries and reduce blood flow to the heart muscle. This can cause angina or a heart attack that may lead to fatal. Other than in coronary artery, the plaque also will be existed in blood vessels. The blockage in the vessels may cause the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood. This condition is called as high blood pressure. Other that, the plaque in the vessels also may lead to stroke.

As the conclusion, how and what we eat are the figures of our body and health condition.  Therefore, we must take necessary precautions to ensure that our body healthy nowadays and upcoming.

SHARIFAH NUR ZULAIKHA BINTI SYED AGIL

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HCB11403 - PRINCIPLE OF HUMAN NUTRITIONS

ASSIGNMENT 1

1.  The relationship between nutrient intake and disease/malnutrition.

Nutrients are the chemical substances found in food which we that could provide energy as well as structure and help regulate the body process. Nutrients can be consumed through food classified as the following; carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins, minerals, water and fats. A well-balanced diet comprising of the above food class must be consumed in order to have a well maintained body as well as a smooth growth

process, reproduction, health and prevention of disease or malnutrition.

Malnutrition is the unbalanced intake of nutrients or energy either too little or too much. Malnutrition is a serious condition that occurs when a person’s diet does not contain the right amount of nutrients. Malnutrition or poor nutrition can be categorized as undernutrition which means lack of nutrient intake and overnutrition which is the excess of nutrition intake. Malnutrition could be develop due to several factors, however, the following are the most common reasons of malnutrition all over the world; inadequate or unbalanced diet, problems with digestion or absorption and certain medical conditions.

Malnutrition contributes to about one-third of the 9.7 million child deaths that occur each year. As for the relationship between nutrient intake and malnutrition, the example chosen is regarding the relationship between breastfeeding and the health status of an infant. The composition of human milk is the biologic norm for infant nutrition with nutrient content as much as 3% - 5% of fat, 0.8% -0.9% of protein, 6.9% -7.2% of carbohydrate and 0.2% of mineral. Human milk also contains many hundreds to thousands of distinct bioactive molecules that protect against infection and inflammation and contribute to immune maturation, organ development, and healthy microbial colonization. In recent times, new child growth standards for use in deriving indicators of nutritional status, such as stunting, wasting and underweight was introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO). Breast milk has been proven to have a major impact on child health, growth and development. Breast milk contains the nutrients that an infant needs and in the right quantity. Furthermore, the nutrients from the milk can be quickly and easily digested by the infants.

A study conducted in Honduras found that exclusive breastfeeding which is feeding the infants with only breast milk is recommended for infants up to 6 months of age because of its benefits in reducing morbidity and mortality as well as lower prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight. The risk of being underweight was higher among children who had discontinued breastfeeding and those who were had not been exclusively breast fed for the first six months.  In addition, it was observed that children who were breastfed after one hour of birth were twice as likely to be stunted as compared to those who breastfed within one hour of birth.

As a conclusion, breastfeed should not be discontinued before the age of twenty four months, as the lack intake of breast milk could lead to major risk factors to malnutrition among children less than twenty four months of age.

2.  The role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues.

Malnutrition comes in many forms; starvation is among the most widespread example of malnutrition. Most malnutrition cases affecting children in poor countries are mild and moderate which causes no symptoms yet could also lead to mortality. If some of these moderately malnourished children do not receive adequate support, they may progress towards severe acute malnutrition with symptoms such as severe wasting or severe stunting which are both life-threatening conditions. It can be so severe that the damage done to the body is permanent, even though you survive. Thus, eating a good, well-balanced diet helps to prevent most forms of malnutrition.

The following discusses the role of nutrients from carbohydrate, vitamin, protein, minerals, fat and water. Obtaining the correct balance and quantities of these nutrients is essential to health and well-being.

First, carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body. Carbohydrate reduces the risk of getting coronary heart disease as well as helps to regulate normal blood glucose level. Carbohydrates can be consumed in the form of bread or rice.

Second, vitamin C in necessary for the synthesis of natural collagen that provides structures to blood vessels, bone and ligaments. Lack of vitamin C could cause scurvy. Other than that, it can also prevent birth defects. Vitamin C can be consumed through fruits and vegetables.

Third, protein acts as a major cell structural component such that responsible for building and repairing of body tissues. Protein is also essential for the production of hormones and enzymes that controls many function of the body. Meat, dairy-products and beans are the example of food that contains protein.

Fourth, minerals such as sodium, potassium and calcium are important to the body. Each mineral transports its own function to the body. Sodium is important to maintain volume of fluid outside of cell and regulates the function of cell. Sodium can be consumed though salt or processed food. Potassium prevents the excess rise of blood pressure. Potassium can be extracted from potato and nuts. Calcium helps to maintain and build strong bones and teeth. Calcium can be consumed through milk or yogurt.

Fifth, fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K are absorbed into the body when fat is consumed. Fats increase the rate of absorption of above vitamins. Moreover, fats also act as insulator, shock absorber and protective layer. Healthy fat food that is rich with omega-3 which includes fish and walnut should be consumed more instead of unhealthy fats like ice cream or cakes.

Sixth, water helps to maintain homeostasis in the body. Other than that, it also assists human secretary system. Water can be consumed through any form of liquid such as beverages or soup. The required volume of liquid that should be consumed by adults is 2 – 3 litres per day.

A malnourished person will encounter difficulty in doing standard things such as growing and resisting disease. Physical work becomes problematic and even learning abilities can be diminished. For women, pregnancy becomes risky and they cannot be sure of producing nourishing breast milk. However, there are two methods in preventing as well as eliminating malnutrition which is sustaining the quality and quantity of food a person eats; and ensuring adequate health care and a healthy environment. Management of malnutrition should be a public health priority because if left untreated, malnutrition can lead to mental or physical disability, illness, and possibly death. Eating is not just about satisfying hunger on the other hand is to maintain a healthy body that are fit enough to face each day. Lastly, the less attention we pay to what goes in our mouth, the more complications will be confronted.

ASS

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YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

  ‘You Are What You Eat’ is a quite common phrase that we usually heard of. What does this phrase means actually? I believe every people have their own interpretation about this phrase. As for me, ‘You Are What You Eat’ brings the meaning of your food intake will be manifest through state of mind and health.

Different foods contain different nutrients and energy density. As for example if you consume more healthy food, your body will tend to be fitter than those who consume less healthy food. Not just physically, those who consume higher nutrient- density food will have less risk to be exposed to diseases, in which, they are also healthy from the inside.

  Next, we go to the relationship between nutrient intake to disease or malnutrition as well as the role of nutrient in overcoming malnutrition issues. As for the first example is protein. Proteins are essential for growth and maintenance of human body and are obtain from meat, fish, eggs or milk. Lack in protein intake may lead to tiredness, muscle or joint pain, having difficulties to sleep, low energy, moodiness and stress. In severe cases, protein deficiency may lead to diseases such as kwashiorkor and cachexia. Having sufficient intake of protein will reduce the risk of getting these diseases.

  On the other hand, lack in carbohydrates consumption as shown through symptoms such as lack of energy, constipation, nausea, headache and bad breath. As we all know, carbohydrates are the main source of energy to human body. Carbohydrates are hydrolyse to obtain glucose which will be use as energy. Further deficiency of carbohydrates may lead to diseases such as hypoglycemia- a condition where you have low glucose count in your blood, ketosis and muscle wasting- general loss of muscle mass and impairment of growth.

  Sufficient water intake will contribute to having healthier skin. Drinking an adequate amount of water per day can make your skin glow because skin of the fact that skin is an organ, ad just like any other part of the body, your skin is made up of cells. Skin cells, like any other cell in the body, are made up of water. Without water, the organs will not funtion properly or at their best. Skin that are not getting sufficient amout of water, may be lacking of hydration and may present itself by turning your skin dry, tight and flaky. Dry skin has less resilience and is more prone to wrinkling.

  Ironically, fats are needed to be consume in a small portion. This is because, excessive consumption of fats may lead to many dangerous diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and even cancer. However, fats are still essential for human body to provide energy to the body, absorbs certain nutrients and maintains your core body temperature. Fats also helps to provide support for internal organs.

  In conclusion, nutrients are necessary for human body because they have their very own specific role to maintain the a healthy systemic organization of the human body. Malnutrition will lead to many vulnerable diseases and problems. In order to stay fit and healthy physically, mentally and spiritually, we have to practice a healthy diet in our daily life because we are what we eat.

NAME : FARAH HUSNA BINTI AHMAD

STUDENT ID : 12211115154

COURSE : BACHELOR OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE

GROUP : 1

SUBJECT : PH NUTRITION

PBL TITLE : YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT

There are many reasons I believe that ‘we are what we eat’. It is the balance of nutrients contained in the calories we consume weighed against the calories  burn that specifically impacts our health.Nutritional imbalances like overnutrition and undernutrition may lead to severe health difficulties.Thus, balanced diet has a significant role in promoting good health.

Our daily meals must contains a combination of essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins,fats,vitamins and minerals needed by our body in order to maintain good health.When we does not get enough nutrients required,it will becomes malnourished.One of the major nutritional problems occur in developed countries are excess of calorie intake,such as fats,sugars,carbohydrates and inadequate of fiber and nutrients intake from vegetables,fruits and some grains.Lack of nutrition or malnutrition will lead to a few health related problems due to reduced of dietary intake,malabsorption,increase of nutrient loss or altered metabolic demands.

The risk of having overweight and obesity problem may arise if we prefer eating more unhealthy food such as fast food and junk food rather than eat healthy cooked food at home.As a result,this may lead to disease such as hypertension,diabetes, cancer,and also heart-disease.Moreover,the effects of malnutrition on an individual may cause decreased of body immunity and wound healing process,cardio respiratory fuction and interrupt gastrointestinal function. When immune function is affected,it will increased the risk of infection and delayed of wound healing happen in malnutrition person.For cardiorespiratory function,this cause reduction in cardiac muscle mass,resulting in decreased of cardiac output.Diarrhea-related problem also associated with a high mortality rate in severely malnutrition person.

Taking enough nutrient are important to overcome  this malnutrition issues.We must have the basic knowledge on how to prepare our daily meals with adequate amount of nutrients for our body,in order to avoid malnutrition. Eating foods high in dietary fiber can help we stay regular and lose weight.Focus on eating the recommended daily minimum of five servings of fruit and vegetables and it will naturally fill us up and help us cut back on unhealthy foods.As for me,practise unhealthy eating habits is not an option and with this  unhealthy food intake,it will interrupt the developmental of our brain.Good nutrition is an important part to maintain a healthy weight,reduce our risk of malnutrition diseases and promote our overall health.

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‘YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT’

People are, as the expression goes, what they eat. After all, the muscles in a person’s body, and the blood flowing through their veins, are all supplied by the food that he or she consumes. Understandably, these foods would also have an effect on the way the brain functions.The foods we eat have measurable effects on the body’s performance, they may prove to have an even more critical influence on how the brain handles its tasks. The idea that the right foods, or the natural neurochemicals they contain, can enhance mental capabilities such as by defusing stress.

Malnutrition occurs in people who are either undernourished or overnourished . Undernutrition is a consequence of consuming too few essential nutrient so rusing or excreting them more rapidly than they can be replaced.Nutrient loss can be accelerated by diarrhea ,excessive sweating,heavy bleeding(hemorrhage),or kidney failure.Nutrient intake can be restricted by age related illnesses and conditions,excessive dieting,food allergies,severe injury, serious illness , lengthy hospitalization,or substance abuse. Overnutrition results from eating too much,eating too many of the wrong things,not exercising enough,or taking too many vitamins or other dietary replacements. Nutritional disorders can affect any system in the body and the senses of sight,taste,and smell.They may also produce anxiety,changes in mood,and other psychiatric symptoms.Malnutrition begins with changes in nutrient levels in blood and tissues.Alterations in enzyme levels,tissue abnormalities,and organ malfunction may be followed by illness and death.

The best option for treating malnutrition is to enhance normal eating and drinking. A “Food First” approach encourages eating frequent, small, high energy and protein meals and snacks. Nutritional supplements for weight gain are generally not required unless body weight is unable to be maintained with a normal balanced diet, or if food cannot be eaten safely.

Roles of nutrient can avoid and prevent malnutrition. Optimum nutritions basically providing all nutrients. The best method of is follow food pyramid. Accordingly eat most from the base of the pyramid and eat less from the peak. In nutshell, nutrient intake can keep our body healthy and functioning well.