https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6 en-us 2021-01-24 21:19:56 UTC 2021-01-25 17:48:13 UTC hello@padlet.com lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119651215 Module 2]]> 2021-01-24 21:21:13 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119651215 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119651606 Chromosomes: 23 rod-shaped structures inside the nucleus of a cell. 
Genes: blueprint of an organisms traits.
DNA: complex molecule made up of genes. (twisted ladder)]]> 2021-01-24 21:21:31 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119651606 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119655790 Mitosis in which DNA replicates itself, permitting
the duplication of chromosomes, and ultimately the formation of new cells with identical genetic material.
Meiosis is the reproduction of gametes. It occurs in two stages. This permits the joining of sperm and ovum at fertilization to
produce a fertilized egg, or zygote, with 46 chromosomes. This means 23 pairs with half from the biological
mother and half from the biological father.]]> 2021-01-24 21:24:30 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119655790 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119662257 23rd pair of chromosomes is the sex chromosome. In females this is XX, and males it is XY.

DZ are fraternal sharing half their genes. this means they are when a woman releases more than one ovum and each is fertilized by a different sperm.
MZ are identical twins. The zygote splits into two
distinct separate but identical zygotes. ]]> 2021-01-24 21:29:21 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119662257 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119667526 1)Dominant Recessive:
When alleles of the pair of chromosomes are alike: homozygous. Otherwise, they are heterozygous. Dominant–recessive inheritance means some genes are dominant and are always expressed regardless of the gene they are paired with. Other genes are recessive and  expressed only if paired with another recessive gene.

2)Incomplete:
Pattern in which both genes influence the
characteristic. Example: blood type, in which one allele is stronger than the other yet does not completely dominate.

3)Polygenic:
Differences in genetics that arise from environmental interactions. the result of interactions among many genes. Examples of polygenic traits include height, intelligence, temperament, and susceptibility to certain forms of cancer.

4)Genomic:
Refers to the instance in which the expression of a gene is determined by whether it is inherited from the mother or the father. Helpful in identifying the occurrence of disease/infection stemming from family history since genes are passed down from biological parents to children.

]]> 2021-01-24 21:32:31 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119667526 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119677673 1) Dominant-Recessive
Example: cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia
Exception: Huntingtons Disease in which symptoms don't show up until age 35 but they've already passed it to children.
Phenylketonuria (PKU)is a recessive disorder that prevents the body from producing an enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine, an
the amino acid, from proteins and affects the central nervous system.

2) X-linked Inheritance
disorder on genes on the X chromosome. Females are thereby less likely to display X-linked genetic disorders because both of their X-chromosomes
must carry the recessive genetic disorder for it to be displayed. 
Example: Hemophilia, a condition in which the blood does not clot normally, is another example of a recessive disease on the X-chromosome. Less likely to appear on females for the reason mentioned above.
Fragile X syndrome is an example of a dominant recessive disorder in both males and females.


]]> 2021-01-24 21:40:16 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119677673 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119687428 Trisomy 21, more commonly called Down syndrome is when three chromosomes, rather than two, appear in place of the 21st pair of chromosomes. People with DS live to age 25 on average. Physical attributes that accompany Down syndrome include a short, stocky build, and short, broad hands. Striking facial features mark the disorder, such as a round face, almond-shaped eyes, and a flattened nose. Children with Down syndrome tend to show delays in physical and
motor development relative to other children. Down syndrome children often experience health problems including congenital heart defects, vision impairments such as cataracts and poor visual acuity, and poor
hearing. ]]> 2021-01-24 21:47:21 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119687428 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119691660 Genetic counselling is a medical specialty that helps prospective parents determine the risk that their children will
inherit genetic defects and chromosomal abnormalities.
Prenatal Diagnosis is recommended for when the woman is older than age 35, when both parents are members of ethnicity at risk for particular genetic disorders, or when fetal development appears abnormal. Done by ultrasound, noninvasive prenatal testing or amniocentesis.

]]> 2021-01-24 21:50:44 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119691660 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119696045 Behavioural genetics is the field of study that examines how genes and experience combine to influence the diversity of human traits, abilities, and behaviours through conducting selective breeding and family studies.
Twin studies compare identical and fraternal twins to estimate how much of a trait or
behavior is attributable to genes. Adoption studies, on the other hand, compare the degree of similarity between adopted children and their biological parents whose genes they share (half) and their adoptive parents (with whom they share no
genes.)]]> 2021-01-24 21:54:06 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119696045 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119706379 Reaction range: a wide range of potential expressions of a genetic trait, depending on environmental opportunities and constraints. For example, The enhanced environmental opportunities in this case nutrition enabled the children to fulfill their genetic potential for height.
Canalization: heredity narrows the range of development to only one or a few outcomes. Canalized traits are biologically programmed, and only powerful environmental forces can change their developmental path. For example: children who grew up impoverished showed delayed motor function.
Gene-Environment Correlations (3): refers to the idea that many of our traits are supported by both our genes and environment. There are three types of gene-environment correlations—passive, reactive and active. Passive is when children
are reared in environments that are created by their parents, who share their genotype. Reactive is when a child’s genetic traits (e.g., personality) influence the social and physical environment, which shape development in ways that support the genetic trait. For example, a child who plays an instrument well is praised by parents and given lessons to continue. Lastly, active gene–environment correlation occurs when the child actively creates experiences and environments that correspond to and influence his genetic predisposition. For example, the child with a genetic trait for interest and ability in music actively seeks experiences and environments that
support that trait, such as friends with similar interests.
Epigenetic Framework: development results from ongoing reciprocal interactions between genetics (hereditary) and environment. Environmental factors such as toxins, injuries, crowding, diet, and responsive parenting can influence the
expression of genetic traits.]]> 2021-01-24 22:02:37 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119706379 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119720145 2021-01-24 22:14:25 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119720145 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119725330 Module 2]]> 2021-01-24 22:19:06 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119725330 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119727078 Teratogens include diseases, drugs, and other agents that influence the prenatal environment to disrupt development. Generally, the effects of exposure to teratogens on prenatal development depend on the stage of prenatal development and dose. 

Prescription drugs that can act as teratogens include antibiotics, certain hormones, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, some acne drugs, and thalidomide. 
Non-prescription drugs, such as diet pills and cold medicine, can also cause harm, but we know little about the teratogenic effect of many
OTC drugs. 
Maternal illnesses such as rubella, chickenpox, and some STIs can also act as teratogens. 
Most obviously, cigarette smoking and nicotine, as well as other recreational drugs,such as cocaine and heroin, harm the fetus. 
Prenatal development can also be harmed by factors in the environment, including chemicals, radiation, and extremes of heat and humidity.]]> 2021-01-24 22:20:50 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119727078 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119733165 Module 2]]> 2021-01-24 22:26:14 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119733165 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119735317 Habituation improves with development. For example, the performance of fetuses on habituation tasks
improves with gestational age. Measured by the babies heart rate, or attention when looking at a stimulus. The habituation method is very useful in studying infant perception. If dishabituation, or the recovery of attention, occurs, it indicates that the infant detects that the second stimulus is different from the first. ]]> 2021-01-24 22:28:27 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119735317 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119744257 Brain organization depends on experiencing certain ordinary events, such as opportunities to hear the language, see the world, touch objects, and explore the environment. Based on experience-expectant brain development, all infants require such basic experiences.
A second type of development, experience-dependent brain development, refers to the growth that occurs in response to learning experiences ]]> 2021-01-24 22:36:05 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119744257 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119748849 In classical conditioning, an association is formed between a neutral stimulus and one that triggers an innate reaction in an animal or person. Infants also
demonstrate the ability to learn based on the consequences of the behaviors, whether they are followed by reinforcement or punishment, known as operant conditioning.]]> 2021-01-24 22:40:50 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119748849 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119750141 Infants are born with reflexes; their absence signals neurological abnormalities. Each reflex has its own
developmental course. After lifting the head, at about 1 month of age, infants progress through an
orderly series of motor milestones: lifting the chest, reaching for objects, rolling over, sitting up,
crawling, cruising, and walking alone. Gross and fine motor skills develop systematically and build on
each other, with each new skill preparing the infant to tackle the next. ]]> 2021-01-24 22:42:09 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1119750141 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1123156831 With the new in-person component of the nursing program, I want to be ahead of my assignments. This semester I plan to use my energy wisely in order to complete tasks; especially increasing my use of apps, calendars and such to track my progress. 

In this course, I noticed that I began highlighting too many words from the textbook as opposed to being concise. As a result, my notes were confusing to read since the information was clustered and I had not taken the time to paraphrase. So, for the upcoming sessions, I plan to dedicate a few hours after the live session to rewrite my notes based on class discussion. Essentially, this allows me to be better prepared for writing tests and completing assignments.

Additionally, I benefitted from reading module 2 before the synchronous session as I was able to answer the Kahoot questions correctly.

Finally, in creating the mindmap, I am able to organize my thinking and extend my thoughts beyond handwritten or typed notes. I am aware that reflection is a crucial part of being a student, and prospective nurse, so I am glad to have the opportunity to do so in this mindmap.






]]> 2021-01-25 17:29:15 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1123156831 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1123238342 2021-01-25 17:43:33 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1123238342 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1123250512 2021-01-25 17:45:38 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1123250512 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1123256865 2021-01-25 17:46:48 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1123256865 lorannedsouza https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1123265012 2021-01-25 17:47:56 UTC https://padlet.com/lorannedsouza/j6vb2x1cv7xycgr6/wish/1123265012