Intimate Partner Violence by Deymi Garcia

Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence, 75% of Survivors are Injured

petracardoso50 — 2023-10-05 06:59:44 UTC

1 in 25 Californians experience intimate partner violence (IPV) which is defined as any type of abusive or aggressive behavior that occurs within a romantic relationship. It includes any physical, sexual, social, or psychological violence that can range from one episode of violence or several episodes throughout a romantic relationship. Survivors of IPV suffer greatly from post-traumatic trauma, stress, anxiety, bodily injuries, drug abuse, and even death. In fact, 75% of female survivors experience some form of injury related to IPV. Because IPV is prevalent, October is nationally recognized as the month for raising awareness and supporting survivors of intimate partner violence.

(CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/intimatepartnerviolence/fastfact.html)

(Summit Defense, https://summitdefense.com/blog/domestic-violence-statistics/)

College Women are Most Vulnerable, 6 out of 1,000 College Students Experience IPV

petracardoso50 — 2023-10-05 07:00:14 UTC

The highest per capita rate of intimate partner violence is among college-aged women between 16 and 24 years old. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 32% of college students have reported experiencing violence by a previous partner. Then when looking at currently dating college women, 43% have experienced violence or abuse from an intimate partner. Intimate partner violence is growing yearly on college campuses where the yearly incidence rate ranges from 26% to 36%.

(HAWC, https://hawcdv.org/the-truth-about-domestic-violence-on-college-campuses/)

(Drexel University, https://drexel.edu/medicine/academics/womens-health-and-leadership/womens-health-education-program/whep-blog/domestic-violence-and-sexual-assault-on-college-campuses/)

(National Library of Medicine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6237644/)

Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence

petracardoso50 — 2023-10-05 07:04:06 UTC

Risk factors for IPV vary from person to person but common factors include previously suffering from depression, history of being physically abused, emotional dependence, low self-esteem, alcohol or drug misuse, and many more. Meanwhile, people who perpetuate any form of violence towards their partner in a relationship hold strong beliefs in strict gender roles, desire for power and control, hostility or even anger towards women, exhibit aggressive behaviors, and many more. Moreover, when examining race, income, and educational attainment, low-income African American women experience more severe and frequent IPV compared to White women.

(CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/intimatepartnerviolence/riskprotectivefactors.html)

(NIH, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6709941/)

Why It’s Difficult to Leave

petracardoso50 — 2023-10-05 07:04:40 UTC

When it comes to IPV, women fear seeking out support from family members or peers due to stigma or shame associated with it. Unfortunately, bystanders on campus turn away from helping victims of IPV. One study found that college survivors often feel isolated and become hesitant to report their partner’s abusive behaviors with their close social networks because they don’t want to burden them. In addition, 25% of college students believe that if a friend was struggling with IPV, they would directly ask for help from them.

(Sage Journals, https://journals-sagepub-com.jpllnet.sfsu.edu/doi/full/10.1177/0886260520966670)

It’s Not Your Fault! Survivors are Not to Blame

petracardoso50 — 2023-10-05 07:05:43 UTC

In a society where violence towards women is elevated and even praised in media and music videos, rates of IPV rise at an alarming rate. For example, songs on the Billboard’s Hot 100 chart between 2000 and 2010 could be grouped into themes of rape/sexual assault, inappropriate language, physical violence, sexual conquest, and much more. According to a study published by the American Psychological Association, songs with violent lyrics likes these tend to elicit thoughts and feelings associated with aggressiveness, and this effect is directly proportional to the lyrics' violent content. In addition, effects of misogyny and sexism are concepts that excuse abusive behavior by men towards women. Lastly, lack of education and discussion about IPV on campus leads women to not recognize or be aware that they are in this type of relationship. Around 57% of all college students say it’s challenging to identify dating abuse while 38% don’t know how to access help for themselves about IPV.

(America Psychological Association, https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/psp-845960.pdf)

(NIH, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8214916/)

(Priddy, https://arbiteronline.com/2022/10/27/relationship-violence-among-college-students-is-more-common-than-you-might-realize/)

Cost due to Intimate Partner Violence Exceeds $100,000

petracardoso50 — 2023-10-05 07:06:24 UTC

Women who face intimate partner violence face multiple health issues ranging from anxiety, bodily injuries, alcohol and drug abuse, and even to death. As a result, many seek medical care, for example, to treat their injuries from it. Moreover, survivors of intimate partner violence are less likely to attend work regularly thus impacting their income, and spend thousands in legal services. In total, the cost of IPV over a victim’s lifetime is $103,767 for women.

(CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/intimatepartnerviolence/fastfact.html)

College Students who Have Experienced IPV Express Negative Outcomes in College Experience

petracardoso50 — 2023-10-05 07:07:32 UTC

Undergraduate students have expressed the physical and psychological challenges that have affected their academics including poor school attendance, academic underachievement, and even dropping out of school. Research done in a longitudinal study in 2017 found that IPV was associated with a decreased likelihood of graduating from college. Furthermore, a different study discovered a substantial correlation between the effects of IPV like psychological distress that led to an increase in academic disengagement behaviors that impede one's academic performance.

(National Library of Medicine, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10009478/#bibr57-15248380211052244)

(Journal of American College Health, https://sites.utexas.edu/idvsa/files/2020/09/Mental-health-and-academic-impacts-of-intimate-partner-violence-among-IHE-attending-women-2020.pdf)

Underreporting of IPV Cases on College Campuses

petracardoso50 — 2023-10-10 16:34:36 UTC

Rates of IPV can sometimes be misleading largely due to the underreporting of these cases. A study published in the BMJ Journal highlighted that violence against women, as seen in an intimate partner violence relationship, affects around 25% of women but only 2.5%-15% of women report this. Among college students, 70% of women who experienced abuse did not know that they were in an abusive relationship. Moreover, an estimated 30% of undergraduate students worried that reporting incidents of sexual assault, a type of violence commonly experienced in an intimate partner violence relationship, to a school administration was going to lead to retaliation by the abuser. Lastly, a Campus Climate Survey Study found that around 70% of college respondents did not report these violent and sexual incidents to a crisis center on campus because they portrayed the incidents as not serious.

(Futures Without Violence, https://www.futureswithoutviolence.org/underreporting-tells-a-larger-story-when-it-comes-to-college-sexual-assault/)

(Knowledge Networks, https://www.loveisrespect.org/pdf/College_Dating_And_Abuse_Final_Study.pdf)

Culture of Drinking and Using Drugs Contributes to 60% of IPV Cases

petracardoso50 — 2023-10-10 16:35:14 UTC

Being intoxicated, whether from alcohol or drugs, makes people aggressive and increases the risk of someone perpetuating violence towards their partner in a relationship. Numerous studies have found that between 40% and 60% of IPV incidents involve substance use, with heavy drug users 11 times more likely to physically harm someone. Furthermore, 80% of college students report abusing alcohol. According to a research that looked at college students' drinking habits, there is a 2.18-fold increased risk of aggressiveness against someone on the days when students drink.

(Springer Link, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10896-014-9633-2)

(Addiction Center, https://www.addictioncenter.com/college/facts-statistics-college-drug-abuse/)

(Elkins et al., https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232504363_Alcohol_Use_and_Intimate_Partner_Violence_Perpetration_Among_College_Students_Assessing_the_Temporal_Association_Using_Electronic_Diary_Technology)

Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence: Ana’s Story

petracardoso50 — 2023-10-10 16:38:44 UTC

Ana Blanco, a fourth year college student at the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California was a survivor of intimate partner violence. One night, her husband ordered her to get out of the car and walk home just after leaving campus. As Ana was trying to get out, her bag got stuck and as her husband drove off, she was dragged 20 feet, broke her toe, and tore skin on her leg. After that incident, she had enough of the violence and left her husband while taking her four-year-old child to live with her parents. Angered by this, Ana’s now ex-husband continued to threaten her to the point where she developed severe pain and anxiety. The school did nothing to protect her when she reported the violence on campus. Her academics slipped since she found it hard to concentrate and skipped school to attend court hearings to get a restraining order on her ex-partner. Affected by this, she had to retake her classes and go into debt to graduate later on.

(Yes Magazine, https://www.yesmagazine.org/health-happiness/2020/07/27/domestic-violence-students-college)

Long Term Outcomes

petracardoso50 — 2023-10-17 17:51:23 UTC

Decrease in the number of injuries to survivors of intimate partner violence attacks at the San Francisco State University campus within 2 years
Decrease rates of mental isolation among students in an intimate partner violence relationship at the San Francisco State University campuses within 2 years

Medium Term Outcomes

petracardoso50 — 2023-10-17 17:54:17 UTC

Increase in the number of students on campus to believe that they are allies in supporting survivors of intimate partner violence within 12 months (attitude)
Decrease in the number of physical or verbal violent attacks among intimate partner relationships among the San Francisco State University campus within 12 months (behavior)
Increase in the number of college students on campus to develop appropriate self-control and coping skills within 12 months (skill)
Increase in the number of students on campus to seek support needed to leave an abusive relationship within 12 months (behavior)

Short Term Outcomes

petracardoso50 — 2023-10-17 17:55:32 UTC

Increase in the number of college students to be aware of the consequences of perpetuating violence within 6 months (attitude)
Increase in the number of college students that know how to detect and maintain boundaries in a relationship within 6 months (knowledge)
Increase in the number of college students to develop connections with others peers on campus within 6 months (behavior)
Increase in the number of college students to believe that alcohol and drug abuse are unhealthy and dangerous if not controlled (attitude)

Program Name

petracardoso50 — 2023-11-01 01:41:16 UTC

Rise Up

Program Participants

petracardoso50 — 2023-11-01 01:44:57 UTC

All first-year and new transfer students that attend San Francisco State University

Program Activities Phase 1: Program Development (Months 1-3)

petracardoso50 — 2023-11-01 01:46:02 UTC

Hire staff members
Recruit 10 survivors of intimate partner violence to be Care Managers that will lead trainings
Round up a list of undergraduate professors who permit us to share a 3-minute presentation about the program to students in their classrooms
Obtain consent from school administration and faculty to hold this program on campus and be a general education (GE) requirement
Identify an open and safe place on campus for program activities
Purchase materials
Develop a curriculum to train Care Managers in intimate partner violence, identifying signs, trigger words and behaviors to avoid, empathy and communication skills, public speaking skills, and effective training techniques.
Develop a curriculum to educate participants in four core concepts: signs of intimate partner violence, anger management/coping skills, freedom to speak, and emergency plan - SAFE Training

Program Activities Phase 3: Closing (Months 22-24)

petracardoso50 — 2023-11-01 06:03:49 UTC

Give paper and/or online completion certificates for participants who successfully completed the program
Conduct evaluation activities
Obtain feedback from staff members about the program's successes and failures, as well as any general recommendations
Conduct interviews with participants who want to leave a message for future participants
Develop a final report about the Rise Up program

Program Activities Phase 2: Program Implementation (Months 4-21)

petracardoso50 — 2023-11-02 04:23:20 UTC

Train Care Managers (Strategy #1)

10 Care Managers meet 3 hours a day for 5 days a week for 2 weeks for training and create campaign materials for on-campus and social media campaigns

SAFE Training (Strategy #2)

Care Managers will distribute flyers and hold class presentations on campus to inform students of the required attendance for this training
SAFE Training will be offered every month for 15 months which will be led by Care Managers. The training consists of 8 sessions that happen twice a week over the span of four weeks. Each session will be an hour and a half long with 25 participants per session.
Training Approach
- Peer to peer teaching approach
- Skills training
- On-site or remote training
- Trauma informed approach
Training Topics
- S: Identify warnings signs of someone being in a toxic/intimate partner violence relationship as well as common narcissistic traits
- A: Develop skills that help participants cope appropriately with stress or anger without involving alcohol or drugs
- F: Encourage participants to feel free in speaking up for someone who is experiencing intimate partner violence or asking for help
- E: Develop a detailed emergency plan for each participant to have in case one is ever in a intimate partner violence relationship

Conduct On-Campus and Social Media Campaign (Strategy #3)

Hire 4 art students at San Francisco State University to develop posters and social media posts to educate students about this new required program and promote the SAFE training
“Take a Stand Against Intimate Partner Violence” social marketing campaign will run for 9 months
Care Managers will engage in media advocacy and secure interviews at SF State Magazine and other local television local news to promote campaign messages

Program Outputs

petracardoso50 — 2023-11-06 03:14:32 UTC

10 Care Managers
1 curriculum to train the Care Managers
1 SAFE training curriculum
375 first-year or transfer students (25 new people per training, 15 trainings total)
375 program completion certificates
6 interviews of Care Managers on local news (print or television)
20 in-person presentations in various undergraduate classrooms at the San Francisco State University campus
48 social media posts as part of the “Take a Stand Against Intimate Partner Violence” social marketing campaign
60 posters displayed all around the San Francisco State University campus as part of the “Take a Stand Against Intimate Partner Violence” social marketing campaign

Program Timeline

petracardoso50 — 2023-11-06 03:15:30 UTC

Rise Up Staffing

pcardoso9 — 2023-11-16 06:36:49 UTC

Program Director (part-time)
Project Coordinator (part-time)
Team of 4 Art Students for Social Marketing Campaign
10 Care Managers

Rise Up Budget

pcardoso9 — 2023-11-16 06:37:04 UTC