BIOL 1012 by

skhatib1_1 — 2025-08-13 18:48:13 UTC

This photo shows evolution in a great way. In photo 1, we see a bird with a thick beak, larger head, and bigger eyes. This tells us that the characteristics during this bird's timeframe was needed for harsher environments . As the photos progress, we see it slowing changing to photo 4. This is where the bird has a smaller beak, smaller head sizes and smaller eyes. Which is the normal type of bird we see now a days. Which we can conclude that these characteristics are doable for today's world. This visual really shows how species can adapt and evolve over time depending on their environment.

skhatib1_1 — 2025-08-18 15:15:54 UTC

What Are Spirilla Bacteria? – Microscope Clarity

Spirilla is a prokaryote that is found in the family of Spirillaceae. They are spial-shaped, aerobic, and gram-negative bacteria with flagella. They are long and thin in shape, which make it highly efficient at absorbing nutrients. This bacterium causes rat-bite fever, which is a disease most common found in Asia. it can be transmitted by rats or though ingestion. Spiralia are usually obligately microaerophilic and not found in mammals, which makes the notion of that this species of bacteria were assigned to the wrong genus. Its symptoms involve fever, headache, and pain around the bite.

skhatib1_1 — 2025-09-09 16:15:59 UTC

This table gives a very clear picture of the differences between monocots and dicots. By applying it to plants that we see on a daily basis, we can easily identify which group they belong to. For example, corn has parallel veins, fibrous roots, and petals in multiples of three, which makes it a monocot. Rice, being part of the grass family, has the same characteristics of fibrous roots and parallel leaves, as does wheat, which also makes them monocots. On the other hand, peas have two seed leaves, a taproot, and net-like leaf venation, which makes them dicots. Tomatoes are also dicots, since they have net-like veins and flowers with five petals. Finally, the apple tree is a dicot as well, with its taproot system, woody growth, and broad-veined leaves.

Assignments 4

skhatib1_1 — 2025-09-10 18:45:39 UTC

This video talked about the phylum Arthropoda. It explains the structures and functions that make this group of animals unique. Arthropoda are blessed with having chitinous exoskeleton that protects their bodies and supports their movement. Because their bodies are segmented with specialized paired appendages, it gave it the ability to walk, swim, or fly depending on the species. Arthropods must undergo molting (ecdysis) since their exoskeleton does not grow with them. The video also explains how they have an open circulatory system. This means that their body fluids bathe organs directly instead of flowing in closed vessels. Arthropods also have a ladder-like nervous system, with ventral nerve cords that control movement and behavior. Their respiratory structures vary, including gills, tracheae, or book lungs depending on whether they live in water or on land. So, in this video it highlights how their structural and functional traits give them the ability to survive in almost every habitat on earth.

skhatib1_1 — 2025-10-06 20:17:59 UTC

The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB) website explains that homeostasis is the process by which the human body maintains a stable internal environment even when external conditions change. It is an important function that keeps the body working properly. Homeostasis is described as a continuous and active process rather than something that stays perfectly balanced. The body relies on a series of control systems including a stimulus, receptor, control center, and effector, which make changes and adjustments to maintain stability. These parts all work together to help the body stay within a normal range. This process often involves negative feedback, which helps bring conditions back to normal when they drift too far. The article also says that maintaining homeostasis takes energy, and when the body doesn’t regulate properly, it can lead to health problems. Overall, the ASBMB website clearly explains how homeostasis helps the body stay balanced and respond to different changes in the environment.

Graves Diseases

skhatib1_1 — 2025-10-07 17:14:32 UTC

The meta-analysis by Zheng et al. (2025) compared thyroidectomy and antithyroid drugs (ATDs) for treating Graves’ disease. The study reviewed 7 randomized controlled trials including 715 patients. Results showed that thyroidectomy had a higher hyperthyroid cure rate and lower recurrence compared to ATDs. Both treatments showed similar risks for developing or worsening Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Adverse events, such as rashes, fever, and joint pain, were comparable between the two groups. The findings suggest that thyroidectomy may be a better option for patients who do not respond well to ATDs or have recurrent hyperthyroidism. However, differences in surgical methods and patient characteristics may affect outcomes. Overall, thyroidectomy provides an effective alternative with high cure rates and manageable risks.

Assignmnet 7

skhatib1_1 — 2025-11-03 17:13:23 UTC

Tropical rainforests are located near the equator, such as the Amazon Basin in South America and regions of Southeast Asia. They have a warm climate year-round and receive a lot of rainfall, often more than 200 centimeters annually, which helps the forests stay lush and green. The vegetation is dense, with tall trees, broad leaves, and a high diversity of plant species. These forests are home to a wide variety of wildlife, including birds, reptiles, insects, and amphibians. One of their most interesting features is the stratified layers, including the emergent layer, canopy, understory, and forest floor, each providing unique habitats for different organisms. Tropical rainforests also have rapid nutrient cycling, which occurs because the warm, moist conditions allow plants to grow and decompose quickly. They play an important role in regulating the Earth’s climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen. In addition, they provide valuable resources and ecosystem services for humans, such as timber, medicinal plants, and habitats for indigenous communities.

Assignment 8

skhatib1_1 — 2025-11-03 17:21:50 UTC

The video _{What Is Biodiversity?} explains that biodiversity is basically the variety of life in an area, including different species, genes, and ecosystems. Having high biodiversity makes ecosystems stronger and more resilient, so they can recover better from changes or problems. The video points out that human activities, like destroying habitats, polluting, and contributing to climate change, are putting biodiversity at risk. It also highlights why biodiversity matters: healthy ecosystems give us clean air and water, food, and even medicines. Protecting biodiversity isn’t just about saving cute or exotic animals—it’s about keeping the systems that support life working properly. The video suggests simple ways people can help, like protecting habitats, reducing pollution, and supporting sustainable practices. Learning about biodiversity makes it clear that our choices really affect the planet. Overall, the video shows that keeping biodiversity healthy is not just important for nature, its essential for us too.