What is culture? We know what culture is, but there are no words that can fully describe it, it's like a feeling that either made or is part of people, or in some cases will be part of it at some point. It also involves: your personal identification; the different musical styles; traditions; religion; politics and so on. Culture is present, culture exists without our presence, and culture changes as humans change, it is like the wind that we can not see, but we can feel it, it can be hot, cold, good or bad, it depends on how we accept our differences. For me culture is the fascinating way in which the world and people organize themselves, to be able to survive and develop. I loved how you organized your text - you decided to summarize some of the texts and discussions we had in class and then you came up with your own opinion related to the topic. Great work!
Your grades:
textual markers - 1,0
organization - 2,0
delivery - 2,0
content - 3,5
total: 8,5

   Through the other presentations, I was able to perceive the variety of influences that English possessed, from French, Latin, Greek, etc. Not only that, but also through missions that the church did, it also spread English, there were also the rules of speech / writing, which have been changing over time.

    We can see that, English is considered a language spoken throughout the world, there is an extensive history behind it, there are also several types of dialects, accents, and some people understand that this concept of "being spoken throughout the world is a hegemonic question, "perhaps it is, but we must note that it had several influences before settling.

   In the next text, "What are the origins of the English Language?", we discussed the history of English in periods, the old English, intermediate and modern, talking about Germanic migration over the British (though there were no remnants of language), as we read the text and following the timeline, we saw the similarities of the Nordic languages ​​with the English, some phrases / expressions, adding all this we arrived at the modern English that remains until today. Following, we read the text "Language Timeline" in which, more succinctly, we read some strengths of the history of the English language, separating for centuries (jumping some too), from the Celts in 500 BC, through the Romans, Anglo Saxons, St Augustine, Vikings, Normans, the War of the 100 Years, the Renaissance, the Eighteenth Century, the Industrial Revolution, and from 1900 to the present, focusing on the major changes and additions of each period to the development of the language. You could have mentioned some of those changes!

   We also did a treasure hunting activity, looking for answers both in the room and on the site, in a timeline from 6000 BC, it was a very dynamic competition, not so informative, since it was competition there was no time to pay attention to every detail, but apart from that, it was quite interesting. I can’t forget to talk about the influence of Shakespeare, who created several words (about 2000) Which of the expressions we studied about you are the most fond of? and expressions that we use in our everyday life, the printer introduced in the Renaissance period, the Samuel Johnson dictionary and several other factors that make ours today's English, such a beautiful language.

    We made a timeline based on the content viewed, my group and I did it, based on the "Language Timeline", separating by periods, being the old English, intermediate and modern English, putting some events that aided in the development of English language, such as conflicts and invasions, Renaissance, Shakespeare, the Church and so on.

    In my perspective, in this unit we focused a lot on the history of English, I did not knew how it had so many bases in other languages, mostly Nordic, I felt that we focused mainly on expressions, some seminars discussed about the divergence of the language, in matters of formality, that the nobles speak more sophisticated English and so on.
    For me, after studying and learning, I saw the depth of the language and its derivations, English is spoken throughout the world, through history we see that it was disseminated in a negative way, through imperialism, through its colonies, but now, it can help in communication between people from different countries, in the intercultural relationship, because English is intrinsic in our society, in our day-to-day life, small things like On and Off, that internalize the language in a way that, we did not even knew that the words had English origin, and even more, Latin origin or other. Nice reflection!
     
     Especially nowadays, in our globalized society, we notice the influence of English on social networks, such as whatsapp, facebook, gmail, even if it seems meaningless, we practice and learn English without realizing it. After all the way the language has passed, there will probably be no more changes in the structure of the language, all languages ​​have their rules, I consider English quite calm, nothing very complex compared to languages ​​like Russian, Japanese, Mandarin, English also has words very similar to our Portuguese, such as: bus (ônibus), car (carro), television (televisão) and so on. But considering how much the language has changed over time, don't you think it's possible that those new changes are even happening right now?
    As an example of globalization, I gathered some words like:cheeseburger, cookies, diet, fast food, ketchup, light, milk-shake,pizza, sandwich,shopping center, self-service,baby doll, black tie, blazer, shorts, jeans,desktop; some words that became slang like,lol,any,PC (personal computer), notebook,some curse words also. Some people interpret this as an way to mess with the language, but I think it makes our world more diverse, and funny. Great reflections overall!
Your grades:
textual - 1,5
organization - 2,o
delivery - 2,0
content - 3,5
total: 9,0
    

   
    My seminar was the second, about Jamaica, we did a lot of research to get the information, always looking for references in English to reinforce our reading and reasoning, we divided the parts of the work always informing us about what we would do, if we put images, information and so on. With seven members, our group had no problems in research or presentation, we tried to cover several points, I talked about the history of Jamaica, as it was called Xaymaca before and that its first inhabitants were the peaceful arawaks, about their agriculture, invasions of the Spaniards who decimated the inhabitants shortly before the discovery by Christopher Columbus, after the English invasion, and so on. 
   Finishing this part of history was another participant of the group, talking about the rest of the history of Jamaica, the issue of slaves already moving to the most political and independence part of the country, then we talked about the geography of the country, which lies in the Caribbean within the Central America, its division into states, population and ethnicity, the HDI, the capital Kingston, and in short, we talk about several other issues, from their relationships within IR such as curiosities, Bob Marley's influences on music, traditions . We tried to diversify, we showed some pictures, videos and songs, finally we did a want to get some information (each one of the group did 1 question, and then we did 3 joining a total of 10 questions).

   I already knew a few things about the country, but with the work I deepened this knowledge, about its culture, I learned about its conflicting issues within history, how to deal with some countries, its expensive Blue Mountain coffee and it is only exported to some countries (for example it is not for Brazil). We can also see the difference in cultures, from my point of view, Jamaica has more focus on traditions, especially when relating to the tribes that exist there, voodoo is a practice considered taboo in some countries, there is tradition of certain tribes even if it is secret, Jamaicans must have a different culture-related feeling, something more focused on sensations such as music, maybe marijuana use, and traditions.

   In the seminar about Scotland, they showed a very cool video about the country, showing various castles and sights, talked about the location, which is part of the United Kingdom, its capital is Edinburgh, the flag of Scotland is composed of a white cross and blue, it represents of St. Andrew the Apostle, and the color represents the sky. Most of it is white, the country has a vast history and various humanitarian funds, some programs were recorded in Scotland, such as Outlander and the thing I liked the most about this country, it's their competitive games and the use of skirts.

   About Singapore, I learned that Lee Kuan Yew, the territory of Singapore consists of several small islands, being in a major greater than the others, as I said earlier there has been a change in the generations, and Singapore today is considered "The Modern Singapore" and what most caught my attention is that in its curiosities, it is considered a city that has waterfalls made by man.

   About New Zealand, we saw that, in the Old Times the country was discovered by Polynesians, there are several indigenous people still living in the country, for example the Maori culture that is known all over the world, The structure of Modern State in New Zealand 74 percent of the population are European and almost 15 percent are Maori. Its structural design has developed a variety of locomotion systems, facilitating transport, has a remarkable renewable energy, and in 2015 40% of its energy was renewable. my point of view, is a wonderful place as an extremely rich fauna and flora, and still have a lot of respect for Maori, since they have always been there and should have their rightful place. Note, finally in the presentation we were shown that the saga of Lord of the Rings, Hobbit, was produced in New Zealand.

   About Australia, it was said that Aborigines came to Australia at least 50,000 years ago, when Europeans came to Australia had at least 1 million Aborigines there and several were killed by contact with the Europeans. Its name Australia comes from the term "The Unknown South Land", only in 1770 was when Captain James Hook took the land through the United Kingdom, and was a territory for prisoners. The capital is Canberra, it has a lot of natural resources, one thing I thoroughly enjoyed and the "The Ayers Rock" and the great barrier reef, which is the largest one with 2,300 kilometers in length. It has a very rich fauna, with several exotic animals and its animal model Kangaroo, has a diverse ethnic group and a literacy less than 1%, life expectancy is 82 years. One of the most interesting things about Australia is also their divergence from ordinary English, they have a different way of pronouncing words, using slang, with different meanings. It's a great place to visit, it has some weird rules like not being able to get drunk in a pub, but if you like exotic animals and natural beauties, it's definitely a place to be.

   And finally, about South Africa, I learned that: It is believed that the first humans have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago, but ancestors of Homo Sapiens were dated since 2.5 million years ago, The history of South Africa can be divided in 5 periods, the South African territory is considered one of the most important centers of human evolution, for me one of the most dismal things that happened in South Africa was Apartheid, which was an ideology supported by the national party, in which whites and blacks were separated in society, had different benches, different bathrooms, blacks were lynched if they were in the place of whites. 
   This Apartheid was a spread of prejudice and racism within the law, which is somewhat absurd mainly because the black population was far superior to the Europeans / whites. And it is in this scenario that arises one of the most important people in history, Nelson Mandela (who had several names).South Africa has a very complex culture, full of specificities, I loved UBUNTU, the belief that we are defined by our gentility and compassion for others, there are several indigenous tribes and about 11 official languages, three types of capitals and a wonderful fauna and flora.

   This unit showed me the history, culture, curiosities, economy, facts about the countries that I did not know, was very informative even being slideshows and etc, had several quizzes at the end of the presentations that were made the same day. It is very good to study to learn about different realities and the history of the countries to be able to understand their behavior these days, we are not shown the sad and complex reality of the countries around the world, and the surest thing to do is to learn about the same and try to understand them.

Gabriel, congratulations for your text and your reflections. Great job!

Your grades:
textual - 2,0
organization - 2,0
delivery - 2,0
content - 4,0
total: 10,0

 

     It also talks about Cognitive flexibility: openness to new ideas and beliefs, behavioral flexibility-the ability to change one's behavior patterns, interpersonal sensitivity, like other naturally occurring language repertoires, it is in some respects regular, but at the same time continually variable .

     The text The Impact of Global English on Language focuses on the fact that, with the rise of the English language as a global, we can also lose several other traditional languages, through history we can realize this, with the imperialism several indigenous tribes were decimated, together with its culture and its language, not only that, but English has long been introduced in the institutional scene with the precept of connecting the nations, in order to increase the interaction. But this ends up embarrassing some nations, and it kind of limits language only to English / French etc, this causes languages ​​to lose their identity, we are becoming a massive community, increasing interdependence, thus perhaps also increasing inequality. In the text we see how there is a prediction that 90% of languages ​​will disappear in the 21st century, this is alarming.

     We did a map relating the main points of the text, it was very interesting there is not much to talk about. Already the video that we watched to make an final audio was very good the video Will English always be the global language? - by David Crystal, talks about some issues, as was said above, about English as a lingua franca, he incites the question of accents, the amount of different "English" conversations in everyday life, talks about how there is uncertainty if English goes to be the global language for a long time, he gives the example as no one expected that the Latin language would not be that lingua franca, he cites how we can possibly end up speaking Martian, he also shows us how the internet plays an important role and the power that people that speak English. Another thing I found interesting and I had never stopped to think, is that more than 2 billion people speak English, this is absurd, different accents, grammar, interpretations, the world is really becoming a world community.

      And I think it's important to put this snippet to connect everything that was said (of my activity with my duo):

    "Speaking the same language is extremely important within International Relations, we can understand various aspects and policy decisions through how the implementation or dissemination of a language can influence how the country will behave by understanding English as a diplomatic language or a language used for communication via the internet, the emergence of computers with Microsoft, for example, there is an entire scope within nations to adapt to this, from implementing English in schools, to putting as a prerequisite in some jobs. English is the main language used in the international, democratic and diplomatic setting, being used as the official language of the United Nations, the European Union, NATO and several other international organizations, abstaining from learning English is a constraint on supranational issues."

In Unit 5, we did an activity in relation to the different cultures and the past phases when living in a different culture, I do not remember very well but, if I'm not mistaken, there were five phases, the passionate tourist, the clash of cultures, the depression and the will to return, beginning to adapt, and when one returns to the hometown another clash of cultures. This shows us how the contact with other cultures really affects not only our way of looking at the world, but also our psychological, and if you can not handle it very well, maybe you end up in depression, even try a good experience, you mean that comes out of reality.

On that day we also made a small theater representing these phases.

We also saw what to do around the world, what are the main "skills" to focus on not to be ashamed or to express badly, we did an activity then focusing on these misunderstandings, with some double meaning jokes, and even seems simple, it's normal to get confused when in a different country. Cultures involve different behaviors, ways of dressing, ways to flirt, so we need to learn from these different habits and adapt ourselves to them.

After that, the focus was relatively different, we went into the question of the global citizen, about people's awareness, talking about what is global awareness, involving different perceptions of different cultures, when becoming aware, you encourage equality, freedom of expression, you perceives the diversity and beauty of the world. One of the first activities the teacher showed us some slides on this subject, talking about his importance in our environment, at home, in schools, talks about how there is a perception of only two options, as being good and bad, the example given is the black and white, however, it is necessary to make people aware, because only 1 person can change almost the whole world, but you have to want. And if she can not change the whole world, she changes someone's world, which is already wonderful.

He talks about the characteristics of the "global citizen", being the main wisdom, courage and empathy, but I believe we need a lot more, from leadership to kindness, simplicity, we need to know how to deal with people, with differences of each, knowing to sacrifice for the good of others. Knowing how to respect and try to understand is also very important.

We then did a group activity based on 21 Century Skills slides, and we concluded that:

"The world's economy is all connected and people should be aware of other customs and cultures, as well as knowing about international problems and using information from different parts of the world to develop empathy, just as it is essential to develop a human being. It is important that people acquire new skills to adapt to the new types of jobs that are offered in a globalized world. Thus it is important that the school develops a fundamental work so that these new competences are developed from children and the critical thinking happens to become a world-wide reality.

This also has the support of large multinational companies, such as apple, adobe, lenovo and lego. Literature and Health Literacy, based on some objects such as Economics, English, Government, Arts, History, Geography, Reading or Language, Arts, Mathematics, Science, World Languages, Civics. Acquiring knowledge skills. "

   Through the other presentations, I was able to perceive the variety of influences that English possessed, from French, Latin, Greek, etc. Not only that, but also through missions that the church did, it also spread English, there were also the rules of speech / writing, which have been changing over time.

    We can see that, English is considered a language spoken throughout the world, there is an extensive history behind it, there are also several types of dialects, accents, and some people understand that this concept of "being spoken throughout the world is a hegemonic question, "perhaps it is, but we must note that it had several influences before settling.

   In the next text, "What are the origins of the English Language?", we discussed the history of English in periods, the old English, intermediate and modern, talking about Germanic migration over the British (though there were no remnants of language), as we read the text and following the timeline, we saw the similarities of the Nordic languages ​​with the English, some phrases / expressions, adding all this we arrived at the modern English that remains until today. Following, we read the text "Language Timeline" in which, more succinctly, we read some strengths of the history of the English language, separating for centuries (jumping some too), from the Celts in 500 BC, through the Romans, Anglo Saxons, St Augustine, Vikings, Normans, the War of the 100 Years, the Renaissance, the Eighteenth Century, the Industrial Revolution, and from 1900 to the present, focusing on the major changes and additions of each period to the development of the language. You could have mentioned some of those changes!

   We also did a treasure hunting activity, looking for answers both in the room and on the site, in a timeline from 6000 BC, it was a very dynamic competition, not so informative, since it was competition there was no time to pay attention to every detail, but apart from that, it was quite interesting. I can’t forget to talk about the influence of Shakespeare, who created several words (about 2000) Which of the expressions we studied about you are the most fond of? and expressions that we use in our everyday life, the printer introduced in the Renaissance period, the Samuel Johnson dictionary and several other factors that make ours today's English, such a beautiful language.

    We made a timeline based on the content viewed, my group and I did it, based on the "Language Timeline", separating by periods, being the old English, intermediate and modern English, putting some events that aided in the development of English language, such as conflicts and invasions, Renaissance, Shakespeare, the Church and so on.

    In my perspective, in this unit we focused a lot on the history of English, I did not knew how it had so many bases in other languages, mostly Nordic, I felt that we focused mainly on expressions, some seminars discussed about the divergence of the language, in matters of formality, that the nobles speak more sophisticated English and so on.
    For me, after studying and learning, I saw the depth of the language and its derivations, English is spoken throughout the world, through history we see that it was disseminated in a negative way, through imperialism, through its colonies, but now, it can help in communication between people from different countries, in the intercultural relationship, because English is intrinsic in our society, in our day-to-day life, small things like On and Off, that internalize the language in a way that, we did not even knew that the words had English origin, and even more, Latin origin or other. Nice reflection!
     
     Especially nowadays, in our globalized society, we notice the influence of English on social networks, such as whatsapp, facebook, gmail, even if it seems meaningless, we practice and learn English without realizing it. After all the way the language has passed, there will probably be no more changes in the structure of the language, all languages ​​have their rules, I consider English quite calm, nothing very complex compared to languages ​​like Russian, Japanese, Mandarin, English also has words very similar to our Portuguese, such as: bus (ônibus), car (carro), television (televisão) and so on. But considering how much the language has changed over time, don't you think it's possible that those new changes are even happening right now?
    As an example of globalization, I gathered some words like:cheeseburger, cookies, diet, fast food, ketchup, light, milk-shake,pizza, sandwich,shopping center, self-service,baby doll, black tie, blazer, shorts, jeans,desktop; some words that became slang like,lol,any,PC (personal computer), notebook,some curse words also. Some people interpret this as an way to mess with the language, but I think it makes our world more diverse, and funny. Great reflections overall!
Your grades:
textual - 1,5
organization - 2,o
delivery - 2,0
content - 3,5
total: 9,0