https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e Molecules that have changed History - Organic Chemistry en-us 2017-10-20 03:08:16 UTC 2018-01-14 22:46:53 UTC hello@padlet.com ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/198896284 The introduction chapter begins by describing what the book is about and how it came about. The Author begins by setting the backstory of the book. He tells the story of Napoleon and his army in Russia, and how things may have been different if the armies uniforms were different. He then goes on to introduce organic chemistry, and the effect it has in our world. 

When the author begins to talk about molecules and chemistry in history, he mentions two molecules that go hand in hand with the time period. The two that caught my attention were cotton and sugar. From the author's point of view, he says that the slaves production helped the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. I think he put these two in the book because they were such a big part of history in the South as far as making money for people and producing jobs, not to mention that they are still a part of today's society

I partially agree with the author's point of view. I agree with the statement that the slaves production helped create a lot of money for industries, but I don't necessarily agree that it jump-started the Industrial Revolution because there was so much other money made in different ways in that time period.


]]> 2017-10-19 23:03:06 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/198896284 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/198896308 Chapter 1 focuses on three spices that are major in society (pepper, nutmeg, and cloves), and the molecules that are involved with these three spices. The one molecule that stood out to me was Piperine. The molecule Piperine creates the hot sensation that comes to our mouths when we eat foods that have a lot of spice. 

I think the author chose this molecule because people often wonder what makes spices have that kick to them? What makes spices feel like they are burning your tongue off? But in history, these spices have been relevant and important since the beginning. Spices have always been a valuable  part of society.

I agree with the author's point of view fully in this chapter. I agree with what he says about how spices are so important, both now, and in history. He gives great references to the past about how countries used to battle over land because they had the best spices. His point of view in this chapter is very accurate .]]> 2017-10-19 23:03:17 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/198896308 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/201054518 Chapter 2 goes into the topic of scurvy. Scurvy was a disease that often took hold in sailors back in the 14th and 15th centuries. At the time, sailors living arrangements were not ideal. They did not have proper conditions to sleep or to just be able to live while at sea. The molds that came onto the boats affected their food, and so sailors could not get their proper nutrients. The molecule that caught my attention in this chapter was the Absorbic Acid because it involves multiple combinations of things. One of those things is the fact that Absorbic Acid simply put, is Vitamin C. Vitamin C is key for humans because it's a vitamin that prevents sickness. Second, Vitamin C begins with glucose, which is a big part of the foods that we have today, and boosts our health.

I think the author focused on Absorbic Acid aka Vitamin C because like the other molecules in the book so far, the molecule is important to our lives today and shows how valuable that these molecules are in our lives. It gives great detail into the things that we might take for granted sometimes.

I agree with the author's point of view because he tells how important the Vitamin C molecule is in our lives. His reselling about the scurvy, and telling what caused all of that, shows also how times have changed, and how important all of these things are.]]> 2017-10-26 23:57:35 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/201054518 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/201059329 Chapter 3 goes into talking about Glucose, also known as sugar, which is a major product in the world today obviously. Sugar is considered the most common "simple sugar." Sugar began as a source of income for slave owners back in 1515, and has grown even bigger in the present. The molecule lactose stood out to me because you often hear about people being lactose-intolerant, which means that people cannot have dairy products. I found this interesting as well because the author showed that one little change in the molecule could be the difference between someone being allergic to dairy or not.

I think the author chose lactose because it goes together with glucose because they are all based off of the same basic structure. All of these "-tose" molecules all have the same structure, but little changes make the difference to how each has an effect on something.

I agree with the author's point of view and how he goes into detail about the molecules involved. I agree with what he says about the lactose because he goes into good detail about the affect it can have on people, not just being allergic to dairy, but the fact that it can cause issues with producing things within the body that are important.]]> 2017-10-27 00:34:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/201059329 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/203144281 Chapter 4 continues about the slave trade as well as sugar and cotton, but focuses on the molecule Cellulose. He also talks about the industrial revolution and the mass  development of cotton. This cotton also caused many issues in the world, as it caused pollution from the mills, as well as many other things. The molecule that stood out to me was nitrocellulose because it seems like a pretty cool molecule, especially with the story of the apron and the expolsion.

I think the author focused on the areas of cellulose and nitrocellulose because as far as cellulose goes, it is a large part of society. Cotton is involved in almost every article of clothing, so it is good to know how it works, and what branches off of it, such as the nitrocellulose which can cause explosions if not taken care of properly.

I agree with the author's point of view in this chapter. I like his description on the pros and cons of how the cotton and things have helped but also hurt our world. I also like the emphasis he puts on how a lot of the things we have today, are mostly from other cultures and societies.]]> 2017-11-02 23:45:55 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/203144281 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/203149559 Chapter 5 continues talking about a scientist mentioned in the previous chapter, Schönbein, who was involved with the explosion with the nitrocelluose. It also talks about the development of gunpowder. The molecule that stood out to me was Trinitrotoluene because it gives a small breakdown as to what TNT is and what is stands for. Also, it gives a good explanation to how explosions occur.

I think the author chose this molecule because it goes along with the story involving the nitrocellulose explosion as well as the gunpowder, and the background with the war involving Napoleon.

I agree with the author's point of view in this chapter. There's a great amount of detail involving the background of the explosions and the components that involve them. ]]> 2017-11-03 00:29:50 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/203149559 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/205353415 Chapter 6 talks about the history of Silk and how it was produced. It talks about how valuable it was for people back in the ancient times and how important it was to the wealthier people. The chapter also talks about nylon, a replacement for artificial silk. Nylon was orginally used in toothbrushes. The molecule that stood out to me was glycine because it was interesting as to how a few changes in the structure could create two new molecules, but how they were both still involved with the structure of the silk.

I think the author included this molecule because being involved with the silk, it continues the background of the story involving royalty. The silk has always been a big part of kings and queens, and the background of the story involves the great leader of Napoleon.

I would say that I agree with the author´s point of view in this chapter, although there isn't really much to debate about within this chapter. He gives good detail about the histories of the silk and nylon, and gives good detail about their structure as well.]]> 2017-11-09 16:19:10 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/205353415 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/205551052 Chapter 7 focuses on Phenol, a compound that is involved with plastics. Phenol was a molecule that was found to be the main molecule involved in Carbolic Acid. Phenol, which is very soluble in oil, began to be used in surgical areas to help improve cleanliness in the areas that could cause disease. The molecule Vanillin stood out to me because it´s pretty interesting that vanilla being something we eat, is also branched off of something that is like a cleaner, and wouldn't necessarily be expected to be eaten. 

I think the author included this molecule along with the phenol to show the variations and different ways molecules can be altered. I think he included them also to show how it could also have a medicinal effect similar to the carbolic    acid´s effect.

I agree with the author´s point of view in the chapter. I like how he gives the different examples of the types of phenol, as well as what branches off of it and how it has its effect in society. The different details that are mentioned in the chapter are very detailed, making this one of the more interesting sections in the book.]]> 2017-11-10 00:55:58 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/205551052 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/207963481 Chapter 8 focuses on Isoprene, a molecule that is found in the polymer of Natural Rubber. Isoprene only has 5 carbon atoms, which causes rubber to be the simplest natural polymer. This chapter focuses also on the uses of rubber and isoprene, and the different combinations involved, including Cis and Trans. The cis molecules stood out to me because it gave good insight as to how rubber is able to stretch the way it does.

I think the author included this molecule with the isoprene because it breaks down the different ways the isoprene can be broken down and used in the world. I think he also included it to continue the history of major items and molecules that may not be deeply thought about, but are things that are constantly involved in daily life.

I would say I agree with the author's point of view in this chapter. I think his details about the history of the isoprene and rubber are very good. I think the author's point of view is very well put together in this chapter.]]> 2017-11-17 02:32:27 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/207963481 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/207967138
Chapter 9 talks about the purpose of color dyes, and the history of the dyes. The preparation of dyes is said to have started taking place back in 3000 B.C. Most dyes back in that time came from plants in nature. Two molecules stood out to me: Echinochroome and Alizarin, mainly because they produce the color red, which is my favorite color, but also the ability of the Alizarin to absorb light interested me as well. 

I think the author included these molecules, as well as the others in this chapter to show the effect that the dyes and colors have on clothes and materials that are dyed. Dyes are an important part of everything we have and have various uses and details that are involved in life every day.

I agree with the author's point of view in this chapter because it is interesting. To see the different ways that different colors are produced, and the molecules that are involved with them. It's also interesting to see that the colors can also come from natural things within the earth and I think the author did a good job of showing that.]]> 2017-11-17 03:00:04 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/207967138 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/209823006 Chapter 10 is focused around the development of medicines and the drugs involved in medicines. The Chapter talks about how different medicines were created, and highlights a few specific ones. He also talks about how not having medicines back during the wars caused most of the deaths that occurred. The molecule that stood out to me was Penicillin because of the different branches that it has into other molecules and medicines such as amoxicillin. It also stood out to me because it is pretty common in medicines that we use today.

I think the author included this molecule because it goes back to the history of the wars and how a lot of the people in the wars died from not having the proper care and the proper medicines to heal themselves and stay healthy during the wars. 

I agree with the author's point of view because I agree with what he says about how important the medicines are for our lives today. The details he gives about the different benefits of the medicines show his beliefs on the medicines and how much of an affect they would have had on the people in the old wars.]]> 2017-11-24 03:46:07 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/209823006 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/209824956 Chapter 11 focuses on reproductive hormones and the birth control pill's creation. The chapter talks about the effect of the pill on society and how it improved life a lot for women in the past, and how important it is today for people. The chapter also mentions steroids, or performance-enhancing drugs. The molecule that stood out to me was the molecule of testosterone because it's interesting to see how the hormone is structured, especially since it is so prevalent in my body, and is a big part of my life.

I think that the author included this molecule because it continues with the steroid talks and the different effects that the steroids have on the body. The steroids are very active in society and the use of the steroids can have an effect the testerone in the male body, I think the author gets his point across very well.

I agree with the author's point of view in this chapter because I like how he breaks down the different sections of the testosterone and how it can change according to what the body does. I think he has an advantage to this section as well because he is a male, and understands a little more on how the testosterone works for males.]]> 2017-11-24 04:14:33 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/209824956 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/212053908 Chapter 12 talks about the history of witch hunts witch trials as well as the involvements with demons. The author talks about the relations of these demonic tings with how Christianity was strongly opposed to something of this magnitude, provided it was not done in the Church. The molecule that stood out to me was Bufotoxin, which is a molecule that is involved in a poison. That poison attacks that heart, and can cause death. This molecule stood out to me because there's a good explanation on how not only bufotoxin affects the heart, but also how other poisons affect the heart.

I think the author included this molecule to continue with the topic of medicine, and also to show the history of a specific poison, and the affect that it can have. It continues with the growth of Medicines, and how as different diseases and toxins developed into more potent solutions, the medicines developed with them as well. 

I agree with the author's point of view in this chapter. I agree with how he talks about how the witch hunts happened, and the different methods that the people used to try and figure what people were witches. I also like how he gives good detail with the poisons and the involvement with the witches.

]]> 2017-11-30 19:58:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/212053908 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/212146359 Chapter 13 talks about the different drugs that are the most common from both history, but also very common in modern times. Morphine was prominent back in the old times with opium. Nicotine and caffeine are both very active in society now. The molecule that stood out to me was the heroine molecule because the author describes well as to why heroine is so addictive to people now. 

I think the author included this molecule as well as the molecules to give an explanation as to why the drugs are so addictive. The descriptions give great insight into a great epidemic in our world today.

I agree with the author's point of view completely in this chapter. His point of view shows that he is against these drugs, and talks about the unhealthiness of the drugs, and I agree with his points wholeheartedly. ]]> 2017-12-01 04:56:00 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/212146359 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/214365336 Chapter 14 talks about the history of olives and olive oil. Olive branches were a big part of the Ancient Greek society. They were used as crowns and were very important to the Greeks. The olive oil was also considered to be the most valuable trade in those times as well, as it was called "liquid gold." The people of Greece believed if you held a steady diet of Olive oil and honey, you could live 100 years. The molecule that stood out to me was sodium stearate, because it was interesting to see what is involved in a product that is constantly used in society.

I think the author included this molecule because it all goes back to the beginning with the health issues that people in the past have faced. Things have changed greatly, and we have benefited from these changes. I think he included this molecule to just show even more how much our hygiene lives have changed.

I agree with the author's point of view because he shows the variations of how one thing can lead to another, and produce a product even greater than the base product; such as the olive oil, being a healthy product as far as food goes, an then becoming even better being involved with soaps.]]> 2017-12-08 00:57:40 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/214365336 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/214380436 Chapter 15 talks about a product that is involved in our lives everyday whether we want it to be or not: salt. Salt is one of the most common compounds in the world today. Salt is in our bodies, used for food, and even to melt ice on a road. Salt is also obviously found in the oceans since ocean water is salt water. In ancient times, people referred to salt as "white gold." The molecule that stood out to me was sodium chloride, simply because I learned more about something that is really important in our lives.

I think the author included this molecule because it is a big part of everything in the world today. At some point, salt has some effect on something that we have interacted with in our lives. I think its good that the author included a molecule that's so important so that we can know even more about what we interact with everyday.

I agree with the author's point of view because like before, he gives great insight into something very common, and not really thought about. Some of the things that he mentions about the salt, you may not just think about off of the top of your head, and its good that he gives these ideas out, and that's why I agree with his point of view.]]> 2017-12-08 03:43:35 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/214380436 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218273631 Chapter 16 talks about Chlorocarbon compounds, and the different. Types of compounds that can happen in the world. Different elements can cause different reactions to the compounds, depending on how much is used, and what element is used. The molecules that stood out to me were the ones that were involved in anesthesia, such as Chloroform and ether. These stood out to me because it is iteresting to see what is involved in something that is a major aspect of hospitals and surgeries.

I think the author included this molecule because it shows another aspect of how the medical industry has grown and developed over the years. People originally thought that alcohol was the way to go, and as time moved on, people developed better ways to make things easier, and are still improving today.

I agree with the author's point of view because of his statements about the development of different things. I agree with what he said that even though some things had bad effects, they had mor good than bad.]]> 2018-01-02 02:44:57 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218273631 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218274789 Chapter 17 talks about malaria and the different forms of malaria. It also talks about how malaria is contracted and the effects it has on society. The chapter also talks about the few cures that have been found for Malaria. The molecule that stood out to me was hemoglobin because its a large part of our lives since it's in our blood. We don't normally pay attention to it, but it's very important.

I think the author included this molecule to tie in with the topic of malaria, and how malaria affects the body. I think he also included it to show how important it is in our bodies, and what could possibly happen if it was affected.

I agree with the author's point of view because I like how he brings more awareness to a disease that is very dangerous. I also like how he shows the history of the disease, as well as the effects it has/had on society.]]> 2018-01-02 03:40:42 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218274789 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218859617 One molecule I would add to the book would be Tabun. Tabun was an organic compounds created back in the 1900's. Tabun was originally discovered accidentally. A German scientist was trying to discover a new insecticide, and ended up creating the Tabun. The Tabun turned out to be on of the most deadly gases ever created. I think this molecule should be included because it goes along with the history aspect of the book. The chemical started out as something that was meant to be a help to society. Instead this molecule and its gas killed millions of people. The Germans used this gas in their concentration camps to kill millions of people. This created one of the largest genocides in history known as the Holocaust.

https://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i41/Nazi-origins-deadly-nerve-gases.html]]> 2018-01-04 21:42:11 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218859617 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218863525 The second organic compound I think that could be added is Eucalyptol. Eucalyptol in its basic state is a colorless liquid. Eucalyptol is used in various ways. One major way, is that it is used in mouthwash. Eucalyptol is also used in medicines, one way being as a cough suppressant. I think this molecule could be added to the book because it shows the advances in both medicines and dental care. Mouthwash has become major part in keeping teeth clean and preventing mouth problems. This molecule has brought new advances that people in the past did not have.

http://www.essentialoil.in/eucalyptol.html?sl=en

https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB03852]]> 2018-01-04 22:18:33 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218863525 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218865729 The third molecule that could be added could be propane. Propane is one of the most common organic compounds around. Propane is used almost everywhere and has been used for the longest time. Propane gas is usually mixed with natural gas and petroleum deposits. Propane is also called a fossil fuel because of its history. Propane gas is used now as fuel for some engines, and also for cooking and heating things. I think this molecule could be added because it gives the history of something that was not only used in the past, but is also used commonly today. Propane shows that somethings never get old, and they are still beneficial in some way.

http://www.elgas.com.au/blog/1689-what-is-propane-gas


]]> 2018-01-04 22:44:21 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218865729 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218876809 The fourth molecule that could be added is Benzene. Benzene is another mainly colorless chemical that is a liquid at room temperature. Benzene is also used as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry. Benzene is usually a component of crude oil, but can also come from gases of other natural items such as volcanoes and forest fires. I think this molecule could be added because benzene is also involved in drugs, and it shows another bad effect from drugs. Benzene does also have positive effects such as being involved in dyes and detergents, as well as plastics. This also shows that although some things have negative affects, they can also be positive effects as well.

https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/benzene

]]> 2018-01-05 02:12:10 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218876809 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218878034 The fifth molecule that could be added is Cytosine. Cytosine is involved in the nucleobases that are found in DNA and RNA. These acids are also made up of three other organic compounds. These molecules are important to history because they show how DNA and RNA work in the body. DNA and RNA are very important to humans because they give the human body the directions on how to live. Understanding these molecules allows for science to fix issues with the two in the future.

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Cytosine#History_and_uses]]> 2018-01-05 02:37:51 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/218878034 ChrisAllen5 https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/221310153 The sixth molecule that could be added is Limonene. Limonene is an organic molecule that is found in the peels of citrus fruits such as lemons and oranges. Limonene is also used in the production of medicines. This molecule has been known to help prevent or treat cancer as well as promoting weight loss. In foods, limonene can be used as a flavoring. The molecule is also used in ointments, as well as common fragrances. This molecule could be added because it has so many impacts and uses on society. It has an impact on health and medicine, and it shows again how much the medicinal industry has expanded. It also shows how simple things can have various uses, and all be beneficial for humans.


https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-1105-limonene.aspx?activeingredientid=1105]]> 2018-01-14 22:42:37 UTC https://padlet.com/ChrisAllen5/j50sims5tm6e/wish/221310153