https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86 W55F en-us 2022-07-26 03:09:57 UTC 2026-03-15 21:10:59 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249665546 Symptoms of SCID occur in infancy and include serious or life-threatening infections, especially viral infections, which may result in pneumonia and chronic diarrhea. Candida (yeast) infections of the mouth and diaper area and pneumonia caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii also are common. Other symptoms include failure to thrive, frequent and serious respiratory infections, ear infections, sinus infections, skin rashes, meningitis, and pneumonia. ]]> 2022-07-26 03:21:31 UTC https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249665546 unknownme130 https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249666281 -One of the ways to treat SCID is through allogenic bone marrow transplant.
-To introduce normal infection fighting cells into the patients body. 
-Stem cells to be received from relatives and unrelated donors from the National Marrow Donor program
-Replaces the unhealthy immune system with a healthy one.
-Patient receives red blood cells and various type of white blood cells.
-Patient is then able to undergo normal Immuno response such as blood clotting and is able to fight infections]]> 2022-07-26 03:22:53 UTC https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249666281 abdulhaziq1401 https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249673529 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency(SCID) is a very rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in different genes involved in development and function of infection-fighting immune cells such as the T cells and B cells. It is an inherited primary immunodeficiency disease that is usually found in infants and this can cause the child to be prone to life threatening problems due to the very weak immune system. The function of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte and natural killer lymphocyte function is absent because of the genetic disorder. Due to this, the infant is susceptible to even the mildest of infections and will fall very ill from diseases such as chicken pox, meningitis and pneumonia.]]> 2022-07-26 03:36:15 UTC https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249673529 unknownme130 https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249674827 -Used to cure for a variant of SCID, ADA-SCID. The therapy is called PEG-ADA.
-Utilized to restore the faulty adenosine deaminase protein, enabling body cells to heal and start fighting infections
-Administered intramuscularly to children with ADA-SCID which lacks the missing enzyme ADA at least once a week. Their immune system can operate due to these injections.
-Used to quickly lower the level of certain toxins that have accumulated in the body without the ADA enzyme.
-Short-term treatment]]> 2022-07-26 03:38:22 UTC https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249674827 unknownme130 https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249685126 -involves removing the patient's own haematological stem cells, correcting mutations at the genetic level, and then transplanting the functioning cells back into the patient
-Stem cells from patients are isolated and then inoculated by retroviruses that contain healthy human GOI.
-Able to correct root cause and does not need external donors or drug therapies
-Some patients cured using gene therapies formed and develop leukimia
-Long-term therapy]]> 2022-07-26 03:55:50 UTC https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249685126 yanliiiiing https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249710369 SCID is a type of primary immunodeficiency disease where genetic defects had affected T cell development which means T cells are absent, at extremely low level or have impaired function. The type of genetic defect can affect the individual with SCID as they can either have missing T cells with B cells present or missing both T and B cells. It affects the adaptive immune system where both cell-mediated immunity and antibody production is affected

Causes for SCID
- During T cell development, the cytokine signaling could be defective (could be mutation of one of the component) and naïve T cell cannot differentiate into a mature T cell.
- There is mutations in the V(D)J arrangement genes (RAG-1 and RAG-2) which cause V(D)J recombination to not occur and lack diversity. 
- Mutated components of signaling cascades and cause disruptions to the interaction of TCR and the MHC molecules.

]]> 2022-07-26 04:43:07 UTC https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249710369 yanliiiiing https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249719602 When a normal human being is sick, the immune system will release white blood cells (T cells) to detect and fight off the infection by pathogens. Follicular Helper T cells will then trigger the activation of B cells so that they can undergo class switching and affinity maturation. B cells then will be activated by T cells to produce antibodies that attach to the pathogens to be destroyed. This is why B cells NEED T cells to work efficiently. However, if T cells are not present, B cells can only produce IgM and there will be poor B cell memory formation which means re-infection can keep occuring. Even if some antibody mediated response is present, the response will be extremely weak and non-specific. If there is only missing T cells, cell-mediated immunity will be compromised but humoral immunity is only partially compromised. However if both T and B cells are not present, both cell mediated immunity and humoral immunity are compromised.


]]> 2022-07-26 05:00:40 UTC https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249719602 yanliiiiing https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249722114 - https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/severe-combined-immunodeficiency/#:~:text=These%20patients%20have%20only%20partial,similar%20to%20an%20autoimmune%20disease. 
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTq86zjPEdk ]]> 2022-07-26 05:06:09 UTC https://padlet.com/yanliiiiing/j488th5vbqhc5j86/wish/2249722114