https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27 en-us 2021-11-03 19:04:36 UTC 2025-12-05 00:17:44 UTC hello@padlet.com mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1871937952 This column contains information about what Conflict Theory is and the central ideas behind it. Additionally discussed is how this theory can be used to describe how racism functions in laws related to white collar crimes and how we can apply the theory to control this type of crime.]]> 2021-11-06 20:01:53 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1871937952 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1871945929 Conflict Theory is a set of criminological theories that posits that crime results from class conflict, social, and economic inequality. Those in society who hold class, social, and economic power and status are the ones who determine what are considered crimes and who are held accountable as criminals (Morin, 2014).
Karl Marx's economic and philosophic writings of class struggle are the major inspiration for Conflict Theory. Marx believed that the economic substructure determines the nature of all other institutions in society, which includes the criminal justice system and deciding who and what is labeled as deviant. Willem Bonger, the foremost early Marxist criminologist, was heavily influenced by Marx. His view was that the criminal law primarily protected the interests of the most powerful and elite classes. Bonger's most noted and influential work is Criminality and Economic Conditions (1916/1969). ]]> 2021-11-06 20:11:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1871945929 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1871946017 2021-11-06 20:12:06 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1871946017 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1871965436 White collar criminals challenge the stereotypical appearance of what we think of when we think of a criminal. These kinds of criminals are considered "...talented, bright, highly educated, successful people who have "made it"..." (Bucy et. al., 2008). Therefore, you could say they hold high class, social, and economic status. Because of this status, they are able to influence what are considered crimes and who should be prosecuted as criminals as is consistent with conflict theory. Their power over these decisions allows them to avoid the repercussions of their actions, and get away with costing society millions of dollars every year. ]]> 2021-11-06 20:35:40 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1871965436 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1872096077 One fact is for sure - minorities are disproportionately hurt by the justice system in America. We can examine this through the lens of Conflict Theory and how it relates to white collar crime. White collar crime is primarily committed by Caucasian men (Klenowski & Dodson, 2016). They hold much of the power and status in American society, letting them label what and who is deviant. African Americans in America are disproportionately imprisoned, arrested, and given harsher punishments despite committing the same amount of crime as Whites (Peterson et al., 2007).  It should not be a shock to recognize that there is a connection between race and why white collar crime is not being punished nearly as much or as harsh as other crimes of which minorities are much more likely to be arrested and punished for. White collar criminals, who hold power in society, are able to direct the attention away from their crimes and onto other crimes so those with less social, economic, and class power are punished for deviance rather than them.]]> 2021-11-06 23:55:30 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1872096077 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1872117574 In his 1998 book, The Rich get Richer and The Poor Get Prison, Jeffrey Reiman discusses a conflict theory perspective on how social class relates to deviance. Reiman argues that acts not treated as crimes pose at least as great of a threat to the public as those that have been criminalized (Hagan & Daigle, 2019). Although violent crimes such as murder and rape are obviously dangerous to society, it can be argued that these crimes that are not treated as such - like white collar crimes - are as or even more dangerous due to the fact that they are not recognized as a problem. White collar crimes are much more far-reaching in their impacts on people as these businesses that commit crime can directly impact all of their employees, as well as indirectly impact the general public because of their influence on the economy. Acts like murder and rape are more individualized victimizations. Furthermore, Reiman asserts that acts that are criminalized are generally those of the poor whereas the system often fails to treat the dangerous acts of the wealthy and powerful as criminal. Here is where the conflict perspective really shines through in explaining this phenomena. The poor, who hold less power and status, are being punished for crimes whereas the wealthy and powerful are not being punished for their crimes because of their influence over who and what is labeled as deviant. Finally, Reiman proposes that "crime in the suites should be prosecuted in the same manner as crime in the streets" (Hagan & Daigle, 2019). White collar criminals need to be treated as criminals and they should be prosecuted in proportion to the harm they have caused. ]]> 2021-11-07 00:39:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1872117574 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873016233 White-collar crime is a non-violent crime in which there is a clear financial motivation. These crimes frequently occur within the context of a corporation or organization and are often led by wealthy and powerful individuals (Hagan & Daigle, 2019). These corrupt individuals may use coercion, bribery, manipulation, and other tactics to hide their involvement. Hence, it is very difficult to prosecute an individual for white-collar crime, and most times a white-collar crime case is not treated the same as other types of crimes despite having some of the highest costs (Hagan & Daigle, 2019). ]]> 2021-11-07 16:23:06 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873016233 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873045974 The term white-collar crime supposedly originated in the year 1939 and includes a wide range of crimes (i.e., frauds, cons, scams) committed by businessmen and politicians (Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI], n.d.). Typically, these individuals are high profile and have a considerable amount of power. In addition, it is crucial to know that these crimes are not victimless and can have a major impact on many lives. 

One specific type of white-collar crime, corporate fraud, can be extremely damaging to the U.S. economy as a whole and is considered to be one of the FBI's biggest priorities (Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI], n.d.). Here are the three main white-collar crimes that the FBI pursue in corporate fraud: Falsification of financial information, self-dealing by corporate insiders, and fraud connected to a seemingly legitimate mutual hedge fund. ]]> 2021-11-07 16:42:56 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873045974 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873086916 While many films in white-collar crime are based on true stories, oftentimes they are scripted and altered to be more engaging and interesting to viewers. However, these can be engaging ways to inform the general population on the issue of white-collar crime, given the influence of television shows and films in our everyday lives. Film and television are typical hobbies for many and could provide an opportunity to educate on white-collar crime in addition to other crimes. ]]> 2021-11-07 17:13:08 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873086916 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873095072 If you are interested in further exploring white-collar crime within media, see WatchMojo's ranking of the top 10 best white-collar crime films. Be sure to pay attention to how realistic these examples are. Do you think that they adequately represent the issue of white-collar crime? In addition, if you're interested in a television series: White Collar is also be a good choice. ]]> 2021-11-07 17:19:25 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873095072 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873129315 While other types of crime often receive substantially more attention than white-collar crime, Holtfreter and colleagues demonstrate why white-collar crime deserves more attention. For instance, estimates of loss for white-collar crime are around roughly 250 billion, while losses for other crimes linger closer to 17.6 billion. In addition, white-collar crime is often considered a lower priority crime despite some of the American public expressing concern about fraud and supporting greater punishment for these criminals. Some of these individuals may erroneously believe white-collar criminals are being punished and prosecuted appropriately, but this is far from the truth and increased education and awareness on the dangers of white-collar crime should be facilitated to the public. ]]> 2021-11-07 17:45:11 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873129315 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873138877 This column provides information on the different types of white-collar crime such as cons, scams, and Ponzi schemes. In addition, several of the most well-known con and scam artists will be discussed or mentioned here such as Bernie Madoff. ]]> 2021-11-07 17:52:26 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873138877 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873261777 Conflict Theory as a set of theories is founded on the belief that inequality, whether that be social, economic, or class inequality, is the primary cause of issues in society. Karl Marx, one of the foremost influences of conflict theory, although not a criminologist himself lent many beliefs to this theory that are used to help explain ways to address crime. By Marxist reasoning, the crime problem can be solved by creating a more equal society or in Marx's belief, a socialist society. However, there is not a reasonable or even functional way to just simply become a socialist society. Therefore, we must address white collar crime in a more individualized nature. Some of the proposed future directions for addressing white collar crime are discussed in the "Future Directions" column. ]]> 2021-11-07 19:32:43 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873261777 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873289925 This video by crash course (starting at 7:09) gives a good run down on what conflict theory is. In the video, it is explained that a conflict theory perspective finds that the socially deviant are not necessarily the most dangerous, but rather that they are often the most powerless. ]]> 2021-11-07 19:56:14 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873289925 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873299578 A con is referred to as a "game" in which an individual gains the trust and confidence of an individual before scamming them and taking advantage of them (Hagan & Daigle, 2019).

An example is the Bar bill scam in which a beautiful woman approaches a target (often a male tourist) and asks them for directions. When the tourists are unable to help, the woman asks them to continue their discussion in a bar they claim to know of nearby. Once in the bar, they work to convince the men to buy many drinks and food off the menu, which has been altered so that the true prices are not noticeable. Then, when the bill comes, the woman claims they do not have the money to pay for it. The target is then expected and sometimes threatened to pay the entire cost of the bill. The woman then offers to pay them back at another location the next day but does not arrive. These women are given some of the funds from the bar afterward because they are working covertly with them to conduct these cons.]]> 2021-11-07 20:04:28 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873299578 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873305008 Here are some real-life examples of white-collar crime through the mention of 10 different scam artists in history. ]]> 2021-11-07 20:09:17 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873305008 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873342958 This column explains the means by which power and influence play a role in the lack of punishment for white collar criminals. ]]> 2021-11-07 20:42:38 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873342958 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873369295 C. Wright Mills explains that the power elite are a small group of corporate, military, and political individuals of high status who run the United States (Hagan & Daigle, 2019). These elite are people whose "positions enable them to transcend the ordinary environments of ordinary men and women" (Mills, 1965). Because of their position at the top of society, they run the game. The power elite make the rules and thus can avoid punishment for their crimes as a result of their "moral insensibility" (Hagan & Daigle, 2019).  One group of the power elite are the corporate elite. White collar crimes are those committed by individuals within corporations or by corporations themselves. The corporate elite avoid punishment for their crimes because they run the society in which they are committing immoral acts. ]]> 2021-11-07 21:06:57 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873369295 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873371476 This is a con game in which an individual, such as Charles Ponzi, runs a fake enterprise where they pay current investors with new investors' money. Eventually, when multiple investors want to cash out or it is increasingly difficult to find new investors, the scheme fails. Here is a great resource that explains warning signs of a Ponzi scheme: Investor.gov (Ponzi scheme)]]> 2021-11-07 21:08:54 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873371476 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873382281 See this article for the story of Charles Ponzi, the man who created the Ponzi Scheme that was then used by many others such as Bernie Madoff to steal billions of dollars. It is important to have a true understanding of Charles Ponzi, as he is a major influencer in white-collar crime. 

Essentially, Ponzi bought and then sold International Reply Coupons for a profit. He convinced a few investors to give him start-up money and promised them generous returns on their investment.  ]]> 2021-11-07 21:19:36 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873382281 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873394158 Many employees of big organizations and corporations are vowed to a code of silence and protectionism. It is an expectation that they do not reveal or turn in fellow co-workers/higher-ups when it is revealed they are committing serious crimes. The crimes they commit are seen as being for the good of the company and are done for the ultimate goal of company success. If one gets in the way of that success by revealing the wrongdoings, they are considered a whistleblower. Whistleblowers put themselves in a place of great vulnerability and sacrifice to reveal information they were expected to never share. They often face firing, family disruption, and ostracism from friends and former coworkers (Hagan & Daigle, 2019). Because of this, people with knowledge of such crimes often keep the information to themselves so as not to face these repercussions. Thus, companies continue committing white collar crimes without facing punishment. ]]> 2021-11-07 21:30:50 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873394158 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873397976 Bernie Madoff is one of the most well-known con artists in current history. His model was based on Charles Ponzi, who is discussed above. In fact, he has had several documentaries made about him and case studies conducted in attempts to garner further insight into his elaborate scheme. It is crucial to acknowledge Bernie Madoff as he is potentially the most successful con artist in history. His ability to trick individuals for so long has stumped many criminologists, and therefore his story (and Ponzi scheme) are worth discussing. Here is a study conducted by Diana Henriques (2018) that discusses his scheme in depth including how he was caught, how he accomplished it, and the damages he caused. Some charities were forced to close down or had to work extremely hard to remain afloat due to the lost funds. Many individuals were negatively impacted as well due to their losses. ]]> 2021-11-07 21:34:48 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873397976 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873410411 A scam is very similar to a con in that it is also a "game" in which an individual tricks someone out of their money. In fact, a con would be considered a type of scam (Hagan & Daigle, 2019). In many ways, these two terms mean the same thing. However, here are some examples of scams to help differentiate between the two crimes.

First, the Badger game is a scam in which elderly individuals are the primary targets. For instance, a young women may accuse an elderly man of rape of sexual assault, but be willing to keep quiet for a price (Hagan & Daigle, 2019). In many ways, this is a form of coercion and bribery through which con artists can steal money from innocent, older individuals. 

Meanwhile, the Bank Examiner's Scam is when an individual poses as a bank investigator and asks a bystander to withdraw a certain sum of money and hand it over to them for investigation. They claim that they want to catch a dishonest bank teller, but then never give back the money and steal it (Hagan & Daigle, 2019). 

]]> 2021-11-07 21:46:59 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873410411 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873413819 This column makes suggestions for future directions we can take in white-collar crime to discourage this behavior and increase the likelihood of apprehending these criminals. We will also discuss potential changes we can make in policies related to white-collar crime and discuss the importance of appropriate media representation. ]]> 2021-11-07 21:50:14 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873413819 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873419825 Coercion and Manipulation is another means by which white collar criminals avoid prosecution and punishment. One example of this is known as coerced crime. Coerced crime is an idea first explained by Leonard and Weber (1970) in which four major auto producers pressured their roughly 30,000 dealers into swindling their customers. They were required to employ shady practices in order to retain their franchises. This included forcing accessories onto the customer, service gouging, overcharging for parts, and odometer tampering (Hagan & Daigle, 2019). The four major corporations, though not technically committing crime themselves, forced their dealers into white collar crime so they could keep their business. None of the punishment goes back to the big auto producers for fostering an environment in which dealers had to commit crime to keep their franchise. In this way, big corporations will use those with less power to get people to do their dirty work and take the punishment.]]> 2021-11-07 21:56:08 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873419825 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873422000 In this insightful article by Olejarz (2016), he discusses the difficulties in prosecuting white-collar crime, and potential remedies to this issue. First, one suggestion is to take action and put a stop to the crime before it even occurs. In some cases, white-collar criminals do not even think of the consequences of their actions. Thus, they need to be held accountable and this can be done through employing task forces to regularly check corporations and executives for questionable behaviors. While it is important to have an investigator on the outside of the company, it could also be beneficial to require that companies hire professionals knowledgeable in business requirements and legal issues. Reform of current policies could also be helpful, such as through increasing the penalties for white-collar crimes. As mentioned above, white-collar crimes are treated too leniently so one major reform should occur within the courts with stricter prison sentences and punishments. Corporations should be expected to accept responsibility for any fraudulent activities that occur as part of their company as well. The big permeable issue that could be difficult to solve though, is how to create change when those with all of the wealth and power are in charge of our laws (Olejarz, 2016).]]> 2021-11-07 21:58:36 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873422000 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873423213 This article by Simpson (2013) provides valuable insight into the current contributions being made towards white-collar crime. She also discusses our current sentencing and punishment practices, in addition to current crime prevention and control policies. Her review found that many individuals did support harsher punishments for white-collar criminals, but that they may support a "bad apple" theory in which only the individual identified is to blame. This can be harmful, because in many ways white-collar crime can also be institutionally driven. There need to be steps taken not only to punish white-collar criminals, but to deter them. This can only be done with institutional reform. Meanwhile, some options for future steps can be to increase third party involvement corporations and to increase the severity of punishment and sentencing for these offenders. ]]> 2021-11-07 21:59:54 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873423213 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873425723 In addition, it is important to make changes to the policies in place for both corporations and individuals within that corporation. For instance, increases in external oversight such as through task forces that periodically investigate corporations and executives could help to prevent white-collar crime or increase the likelihood of being apprehended. There could also be external audits conducted via these task forces since internal audits can be helpful, but may be biased and limited in their reach. Also, there could be increased internal oversight such as through periodic internal audits to monitor employees and their activities. Reform of audits could be critical to the issue of white-collar crime. See Grabosky & Shover (2010) for more suggestions on reform and future directions for white-collar crime. ]]> 2021-11-07 22:02:31 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873425723 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873432549 Another important consideration for the future of white-collar crime is how different theories can apply to this behavior. Two theories that do an excellent job of explaining white-collar crime is rational choice theory and deterrence theory. Essentially, the idea here is that if the penalties were more severe than the pleasure resulting from engaging in the behavior, then these individuals would be deterred from the crime and less likely to engage in that behavior (Hagan & Daigle, 2019). This could explain why white-collar crime occurs, because often times these individuals get away with their crimes or a very light punishment. Hence, increase penalties for white-collar crime could decrease such behaviors. ]]> 2021-11-07 22:10:15 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873432549 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873444689 This article outlines the recent college admissions scandal and its relation to white collar crime. One notable figure in this case is Lori Laughlin also know as the former "Aunt Becky" on the show Full House. Being a well known celebrity with a sum of wealth, she was able secure her daughters a spot into an elite college by paying their way in. ]]> 2021-11-07 22:23:46 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873444689 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873584969 Here are some reasons why white-collar crime may not be punished adequately as expressed by Hagan and Daigle (2019): 
1. White collar crime has not been criminalized in the past, and until recently was rarely punished behavior. 
2. There has been a longstanding belief that government should not be involved in business-related matters. 
3. White-collar crime was not acknowledged by the public and there was very little recognition of its severity for years. 
4. Media did not report on white-collar crime, and instead, the focus was on other crimes such as those that are violent. This likely contributed to a lack of public knowledge and understanding.
5. White-collar criminals may not be seen as a criminal because they do not fit the typical stereotype of one. Often, they are Caucasian middle-aged white men and are not viewed as problematic.

]]> 2021-11-08 00:33:00 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1873584969 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1939103301 Karen Silkwood, a former employee of the Kerr-McGee nuclear plant in Guthrie, Oklahoma, is regarded as one of the original corporate whistleblowers. She died under mysterious circumstances when she was on her way with information to present to union officials documenting the company's negligence of health and safety measures. Many believe her whistleblowing is what resulted in her mysterious death. ]]> 2021-12-09 20:28:27 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1939103301 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1942213886 While exposure to white-collar crime in the media is important, oftentimes it is distorted and does not represent the reality of white-collar crime. This is a serious issue to consider, as there need to be more documentaries on the issue. However, one film, The Polka King, is based on the true story of Jan Lewan and would be worth watching as it will provide more representation of a real white-collar criminal. In addition, this movie is based on a documentary called The Man Who Would Be Polka King and therefore should not be unnecessarily distorted like many other movies are.]]> 2021-12-12 01:38:38 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1942213886 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1942229266 The most important way to combat white collar crime is simply to educate the public on who the offenders are. The public have repeatedly been victimized by white-collar offenders because these offenders are not what one would expect. They challenge the stereotypical appearance of a criminal and the means of how they offend. When we think of crime, we think of direct, personal, violent affairs. However, white collar crime tends to be very indirect and impersonal. The way offenders interact with their victims is non-violent and impersonal. Often, victims are anonymous to their offenders. In order to catch these criminals and prosecute them to the full extent, the socioeconomic status of the offenders must be taken out of the equation. Too many offenders get away with their crimes because of their power and influence. We must not let people get away with creating so many victims just because they have influence. ]]> 2021-12-12 02:13:51 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1942229266 samanthaholbert10 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1942961267 White-collar crime is particularly important because it helps to break the view of a stereotypical criminal (i.e., poor, African American, uneducated). This type of crime shows that wealthy, white, and educated men can also be engaging in deviant behavior. While not a violent crime, white-collar crime can have devastating impacts on our economy, community, and many individuals. This is a crime that often goes ignored and this needs to change. Currently, few white-collar criminals receive any punishment for their crimes. Therefore, this needs to be brought to everyone's attention, especially future criminologists. Increased awareness and education on white-collar crime is crucial.]]> 2021-12-12 17:09:12 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1942961267 mmj00001 https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1943094836 It is easy to not care or give too much attention to the problem of crime when you have never been victimized. However, people are much more likely to be victimized by white-collar crime than they think. According to this article by Y Delord-Ranal, there are two broad categories victims fall into: (1) voluntary victims, such as those exploited by swindlers who promise a 'fast buck' and (2) involuntary victims, who are exploited in routine commercial transactions that compose normalized economic and professional activities. Similar between all victims is that interaction between them and the perpetrator is nonviolent, indirect, and impersonal with the victim often being anonymous to the offender. This means that anyone is likely to be victimized as there is no personal ties between the victim and the offender. People you do not know and will probably never meet can get access to your money and personal information for their own benefit and often without the victim ever knowing. ]]> 2021-12-12 19:10:37 UTC https://padlet.com/mmj00001/j3rzzkm004gv2x27/wish/1943094836