Read the two types of virus reproduction on the picture given. Then create a summary to perform your understanding.

Requirements : Write a concise summary (around 100-150 words) that explains the Virus Reproduction.

1. What is Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle.

2. Identify and list the steps of Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle.

3. Make a comparison between Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle to find the differences between two types of cycle.

Guidelines :

• Use your own words to summarize the process of photosynthesis.

• Make sure to include all the required points.

Submission :

Pleas submit and post your summary here, by press the button (+). Don't forget to name your padlet wall. Your submission count as your attendance.

The lytic cycle is a fast, destructive process where the virus attaches to the host, injects its genetic material, forces the cell to produce viral components, assembles new viruses, and finally lyses (bursts) the cell to release them. Its main steps are attachment, entry, replication, assembly, and lysis.

The lysogenic cycle is slower and non-destructive at first. The viral DNA becomes part of the host’s chromosome and remains dormant. Its steps include attachment, entry, integration, replication of viral DNA with the host, and activation to reproduce genetic material. When triggered, it can shift into the lytic cycle.

The lytic cycle destroys the cell immediately, while the lysogenic cycle allows the virus to hide and replicate silently for long periods of time before turning into the lytic cycle.

The lysogenic cycle works much more slowly. After the virus injects its DNA, the viral genome integrates into the host’s chromosome, becoming a prophage. Instead of harming the cell, it stays dormant and is copied every time the host cell divides. The virus can remain inactive for a long period until certain conditions trigger it to exit dormancy and enter the lytic cycle.

The Lytic Cycle has five steps: 1) attach to a cell, 2) enter the cell, 3) make new virus parts, 4) put the parts together, and 5) break the cell open to release new viruses. This cycle is fast and destroys the cell.

The Lysogenic Cycle is slower. First, the virus attaches and enters. Then, it adds its DNA into the cell's DNA and hides there. Every time the cell copies itself, the virus DNA copies too. Later, it can switch to the lytic cycle.

The main difference is time and damage. The lytic cycle is quick and kills the cell. The lysogenic cycle is slow, hides in the cell, and does not kill it right away.

In the lytic cycle, the viruses attaches itself and penetrate its DNA or RNA into the host cell. Then, the viral DNA takes over or hijack the cell's function which is ribosomes to duplicate or produce viral components. Then, all of the viral components assemble into new viruses, and after the viruses duplicated enough, the host cell will burst (Lysis).

In the Lysogenic cycle, after the injection happens, the viral DNA doesn't immediately hijack the host's cells function, instead the viral DNA fuse or integrate with the host DNA. Then, it get duplicated into daughter cells and got spread. If there is a trigger occured from the environment, the lytic process will begin.

The Lytic Cycle is fast. The virus attaches to a host cell. The virus enters the cell and makes many new virus parts. After that the new viruses are built inside the cell. Then the cell breaks and the new viruses come out. Steps of the Lytic Cycle are attachment entry replication assembly and lysis.

The Lysogenic Cycle is slow. The virus enters the cell and joins its DNA with the host DNA. The virus stays inactive for a long time. The cell keeps dividing and carries the virus DNA. One day the virus becomes active and changes into the lytic stage. Steps of the Lysogenic Cycle are attachment entry integration cell division and activation.

The difference is that Lytic destroys the cell fast while Lysogenic does not destroy the cell quickly.

Because it ends with cell lysis and release of many virus particles, the lytic cycle leads to a fast, often abundant production of viruses — but the host cell dies.

In the lysogenic cycle, after the virus injects its genetic material into the host cell (same as in lytic), the viral DNA does not immediately commandeer the host to produce viruses. Instead, it integrates into the host’s genome (or sometimes forms a stable replicon) — becoming what’s called a “prophage.” As the host cell goes about its normal life — growing and dividing — it also replicates the integrated viral DNA along with its own. This means the virus is “copied” and passed on to daughter cells, silently and without harming the host. Thus the host cell survives, functions normally, and the viral genome persists in the population. The virus remains dormant — not producing new virions — until something triggers it

Viruses can reproduce using two main cycles: the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle. In the lytic cycle, the virus attaches to a host cell and inserts its genetic material. Then it uses the cell to make new virus parts, assembles them, and finally breaks the cell open to release many new viruses. The steps are: attachment, entry, replication, assembly, and lysis.

In the lysogenic cycle, the virus also enters the host cell, but instead of destroying it, the viral DNA joins the host’s DNA. Each time the cell divides, the viral DNA is copied too. The steps are: attachment, entry, integration, and cell division.

The main difference is that the lytic cycle quickly destroys the host cell, while the lysogenic cycle keeps the cell alive until it is triggered to enter the lytic phase.

In the lytic cycle, a virus quickly injects its genetic stuff into a host cell. It makes the cell produce new viruses and then causes it to burst, letting out all the new viruses.

In the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA slips into the host's genome and stays quiet for some time. During this stage, it can stay hidden until certain conditions make it jump into the lytic cycle.

These cycles show how viruses can either spread fast or stay inactive for a while before waking up again.

The lysogenic cycle is a way for viruses to reproduce within host cells without damaging them. In this cycle, the viral genetic material integrates with the host cell's DNA and can remain dormant for a long time before reactivating. This virus is latent (dormant).

lysogenic cycle steps

1.attecment:The virus attaches to the surface of the host cell.

2.Entry: The virus's genetic material enters the host cell.

3.Integration: The viral DNA and the host cell DNA fuse to form a prophage.

4.Replication: When the host cell divides, the integrated viral DNA is duplicated and passed on to the host cell.

5.Induction: The viral DNA exits the host cell and transforms into the lytic cycle.

lytic cycle steps

1.attecment.The virus attaches to the surface of the host cell using specific receptors.

2.entry:The virus injects its genetic material (DNA or RNA) into the host cell.

3.Biosynthesis / Replication

Viral DNA takes control of the host cell and directs it to produce:

Copies of viral DNA

Viral proteins (capsids, enzymes)

4..Assembly / Maturation

The newly made viral components are assembled into complete viruses (virions).

Lysis and Release

5.Lysis and Release The host cell bursts (lyses), releasing many new viruses to infect other cells.

(Lytic Cycle)

The host cell ruptures (lyses) and dies, The virus is active and continues to make new viruses, Fast; infection appears immediately, viral DNA does not integrate with host DNA, produces many viruses in a short time, flu viruses, colds, some bacteriophages.

(Lysogenic cycle)

While in lysogenic viruses, the host cell remains alive and can continue dividing. The virus is active and continues to produce new viruses.

Latent (dormant) viruses inactivate and produce viruses. Viral DNA integrates into the host's DNA as a prophage. No initial symptoms are present; the infection is hidden. Viruses do not produce viruses until they reactivate. Examples include herpes viruses and lambda bacteriophage.

The lysogenic cycle : is a viral reproduction method where a virus (like a bacteriophage) integrates its DNA into the host cell's genome, becoming a dormant "prophage" that replicates along with the host without immediate harm. 

Steps of lytic cycle :

1. Attachment (virus binds to host)

2. Penetration (viral DNA enters cell) 

3. Biosynthesis /Replication (host makes viral parts)

4. Maturation (parts assemble into new viruses)

 5.release (host cell lyses, releasing progeny viruses)

Steps of lysogenic cycle :

1. Attachment & Penetration

2. Integration (Prophage formation)

3. Latency/Replication

4. Induction (optional switch to lytic)

The differences between lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle :

the lytic cycle rapidly replicates viruses, destroying the host cell (lysis) to release new virions, while the lysogenic cycle integrates viral DNA (prophage) into the host genome, remaining dormant and replicating silently with the host until triggered to enter the lytic cycle.

In contrast, the Lysogenic Cycle occurs more slowly and does not immediately damage the cell. After adsorption and penetration, the viral DNA integrates into the host chromosome and forms a prophage. In this inactive state, the viral DNA is replicated together with the host cell every time the cell divides. Under certain conditions, the virus undergoes induction, becoming active again and entering the lytic phase.

The main difference between the two cycles is that the lytic cycle destroys the host cell quickly, while the lysogenic cycle allows the virus to remain hidden inside the cell for a long time before becoming active.

Lytic cycle is the lifecycle accomplished by virulent phages for reproduction, where the virus takes total control of the host cell, reproduces new phages, and destroys the host cell to release virus particles. In this cycle, viral DNA does not integrate with the host DNA and replicates separately.

Lysogenic cycle is a viral reproductive lifecycle characterized by the integration of the viral genome into the host bacterial chromosome, forming a prophage. It is called a non-virulent infection because it does not immediately kill the host cell.

The lytic cycle consists of adsorption is the attachment of the bacteriophage to the bacterial cell surface by recognizing specific receptors on the host cell, while penetration is the stage where the phage injects its genetic material into the bacterial cell. Replication occurs when the viral genetic material serves as a template for synthesizing new viral components using the host cell machinery, followed by maturation, where the newly synthesized phage genome is packaged into complete phage particles. Release happens when the host cell undergoes lysis and releases the mature phages.

In the lysogenic cycle, integration is the stage where the viral DNA integrates into the host bacterial chromosome forming a prophage, and induction is the process in which the prophage exits the host chromosome and enters the lytic cycle.

The difference between the two cycles is that the lytic cycle results in host cell lysis, whereas the lysogenic cycle allows the viral DNA to replicate along with the host DNA without immediately destroying the host cell.